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Frontiers in Psychiatry 2023This study aimed to investigate and compare the therapeutic outcomes of psychological capital between narrative therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and play therapy...
AIM
This study aimed to investigate and compare the therapeutic outcomes of psychological capital between narrative therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and play therapy in the context of hikikomori.
METHODS
This study included 502 hikikomori. Correlation analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between the three forms of therapy and psychological capital, while one-way ANOVA and independent samples -tests were performed to determine the differences in the outcomes of psychological capital between the three forms of therapies.
RESULTS
Results indicated that all three forms of therapy were significantly positively related to psychological capital. Moreover, while cognitive-behavioral therapy performed better in psychological capital (overall score) than the other two, cognitive-behavioral therapy performed better in the subscales "self-efficacy" and "resilience," while narrative therapy performed better in the "hope" and "optimism" subscales. Also, combining features of play therapy helped enhance the outcomes of narrative therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy on psychological capital.
CONCLUSION
Owing to the varied outcomes of psychological capital among different therapies, the differential use of therapies to deal with the unique needs resultant of hikikomori helps achieve optimal results.
PubMed: 37608996
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1114170 -
Gastroenterology Report 2023Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a widely prevalent gastrointestinal disorder, affecting ∼13.3% of the global population. There are shortages and limitations... (Review)
Review
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a widely prevalent gastrointestinal disorder, affecting ∼13.3% of the global population. There are shortages and limitations of current GERD treatment modalities, and complementary and alternative therapy (CAT) is a promising option to fill in the gap. Dietary and lifestyle modifications might play an important and complementary role in alleviating GERD symptoms. Traditional Chinese medicine and brain-gut behavior therapy, particularly transcutaneous electrical acustimulation and diaphragmatic breathing therapy were shown to be useful adjuncts or alternatives in treating GERD. CAT may help to relieve GERD symptoms, minimize medication dosage, and slow the demand for surgery. The aim of this review was to summarize the existing evidence of some common CATs in treating symptomatic GERD, including dietary modification, lifestyle change, traditional Chinese medicine, and brain-gut behavior therapy.
PubMed: 37810946
DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goad057 -
Cancers Jul 2023Cytokines play an important role in regulating the immune response. Although there is great interest in exploiting cytokines for cancer immunotherapy, their clinical... (Review)
Review
Cytokines play an important role in regulating the immune response. Although there is great interest in exploiting cytokines for cancer immunotherapy, their clinical potential is limited by their pleiotropic properties and instability. A variety of cancer cell-intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics pose a barrier to effective treatments including cytokines. Recent studies using gene and cell therapy offer new opportunities for targeting cytokines or their receptors, demonstrating that they are actionable targets. Current efforts such as virotherapy, systemic cytokine therapy, and cellular and gene therapy have provided novel strategies that incorporate cytokines as potential therapeutic strategies for glioblastoma. Ongoing research on characterizing the tumor microenvironment will be informative for prioritization and combinatorial strategies of cytokines for future clinical trials. Unique therapeutic opportunities exist at the convergence of cytokines that play a dual role in tumorigenesis and immune modulation. Here, we discuss the underlying strategies in pre- and clinical trials aiming to enhance treatment outcomes in glioblastoma patients.
PubMed: 37509400
DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143739 -
Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery Nov 2023Immunotherapy with PD-1 blockade has achieved a great success in colorectal cancers (CRCs) with high microsatellite instability (MSI-H) and deficient mismatch repair... (Review)
Review
Immunotherapy with PD-1 blockade has achieved a great success in colorectal cancers (CRCs) with high microsatellite instability (MSI-H) and deficient mismatch repair (dMMR), and has become the first-line therapy in metastatic setting. Studies of neoadjuvant immunotherapy also report exciting results, showing high rates of clinical complete response (cCR) and pathological complete response. The high efficacy and long duration of response of immunotherapy has prompt attempts to adopt watch-and-wait strategy for patients achieving cCR following the treatment. Thankfully, the watch-and-wait approach has been proposed for nearly 20 years for patients undergoing chemoradiotherapy and has gained ground among patients as well as clinicians. In this narrative review, we combed through the available information on immunotherapy for CRC and on the watch-and-wait strategy in chemoradiotherapy, and looked forward to a future where neoadjuvant immunotherapy as a curative therapy would play a big part in the treatment of MSI-H/dMMR CRC.
PubMed: 37795463
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1767703 -
Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal... Dec 2023Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a pathomechanical process whereby abnormal contact between proximal femur and acetabulum at end range of hip motion induces... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a pathomechanical process whereby abnormal contact between proximal femur and acetabulum at end range of hip motion induces chondrolabral lesions within the hip joint. Surgery followed by a rehabilitation program or physical therapy with possible addition of an intra-articular corticosteroid injection are the two predominant treatments. The majority of authors recognize that a well-designed rehabilitation protocol is essential to achieve good outcomes with both nonoperative and surgical treatment. However, there is little evidence about what is the best rehabilitation protocol and most of the literature available is based on expert level opinion. This current review investigates the recent literature on nonoperative and postoperative rehabilitation protocol and return to play in FAI patients and describes our approach.
RECENT FINDINGS
Historically, rehabilitation protocols for treatment of FAI as well as return to play protocols were based on experts' opinion and low-level evidence studies. In order to improve standardization of protocols and to allow a better comparison in between different protocols, different authors have created standardized rehabilitation protocols with consensus building methods comparing them with other treatment options in high-level evidence trials (FASHIoN trial, etc.). Despite the excellent results reported after nonoperative and post-surgical rehabilitation, and the high RTP rate after FAI treatment, there is a significant variability in between protocols. Further high-level evidence studies are necessary in order to establish a gold standard in rehabilitation and RTP protocols.
PubMed: 37816998
DOI: 10.1007/s12178-023-09871-x -
RSC Chemical Biology Nov 2023Theranostics, the integration of therapy and diagnostics into a single entity for the purpose of monitoring disease progression and treatment response. Diagnostics... (Review)
Review
Theranostics, the integration of therapy and diagnostics into a single entity for the purpose of monitoring disease progression and treatment response. Diagnostics involves identifying specific characteristics of a disease, while therapeutics refers to the treatment of the disease based on this identification. Advancements in medicinal chemistry and technology have led to the development of drug modalities that provide targeted therapeutic effects while also providing real-time updates on disease progression and treatment. The inclusion of imaging in therapy has significantly improved the prognosis of devastating diseases such as cancer and neurodegeneration. Currently, theranostic treatment approaches are based on nuclear medicine, while nanomedicine and a wide diversity of macromolecular systems such as gels, polymers, aptamers, and dendrimer-based agents are being developed for the purpose. Theranostic agents have significant roles to play in both early-stage drug development and clinical-stage therapeutic-containing drug candidates. This review will briefly outline the pros and cons of existing and evolving theranostic approaches before comprehensively discussing the role of small molecules and their conjugates.
PubMed: 37920393
DOI: 10.1039/d3cb00073g -
Medicine Dec 2023Immune and inflammatory responses play an important role in tumorigenesis and metastasis. Inflammation is an important component of the tumor microenvironment, and the... (Review)
Review
Immune and inflammatory responses play an important role in tumorigenesis and metastasis. Inflammation is an important component of the tumor microenvironment, and the changes in inflammatory cells may affect the occurrence and development of tumors. Complete blood count at the time of diagnosis and treatment can reflect the inflammatory status within the tumor. Studies have shown that the number of certain inflammatory cells in peripheral blood and their ratios are important prognostic factors for many malignancies, including neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, and platelet counts, as well as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio, systemic immune-inflammation index, systemic inflammation response index and pan-immune-inflammation-value. The value of peripheral blood inflammation indexes in predicting the efficacy and prognosis of breast cancer neoadjuvant therapy is worth recognizing. This review details the application of peripheral blood inflammation indexes in the evaluation of efficacy and prediction of prognosis in neoadjuvant therapy for breast cancer, aiming to provide a more comprehensive reference for the comprehensive diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer.
Topics: Humans; Female; Lymphocytes; Blood Cell Count; Prognosis; Neutrophils; Blood Platelets; Inflammation; Breast Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 38050296
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000036315 -
Molecular Neurobiology Apr 2024The neurological injury and repair mechanisms after ischemic stroke are complex. The inflammatory response is present throughout stroke onset and functional recovery, in... (Review)
Review
The neurological injury and repair mechanisms after ischemic stroke are complex. The inflammatory response is present throughout stroke onset and functional recovery, in which CD4 + T helper(Th) cells play a non-negligible role. Th17 cells, differentiated from CD4 + Th cells, are regulated by various extracellular signals, transcription factors, RNA, and post-translational modifications. Th17 cells specifically produce interleukin-17A(IL-17A), which has been reported to have pro-inflammatory effects in many studies. Recently, experimental researches showed that Th17 cells and IL-17A play an important role in promoting stroke pathogenesis (atherosclerosis), inducing secondary damage after stroke, and regulating post-stroke repair. This makes Th17 and IL-17A a possible target for the treatment of stroke. In this paper, we review the mechanism of action of Th17 cells and IL-17A in ischemic stroke and the progress of research on targeted therapy.
Topics: Humans; Interleukin-17; Th17 Cells; Ischemic Stroke; Stroke; Cell Differentiation; Th1 Cells
PubMed: 37884768
DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03723-y