-
Journal of Biomedical Optics Aug 2023The vocal folds are critically important structures within the larynx which serve the essential functions of supporting the airway, preventing aspiration, and phonation....
SIGNIFICANCE
The vocal folds are critically important structures within the larynx which serve the essential functions of supporting the airway, preventing aspiration, and phonation. The vocal fold mucosa has a unique multilayered architecture whose layers have discrete viscoelastic properties facilitating sound production. Perturbations in these properties lead to voice loss. Currently, vocal fold pliability is inferred clinically using laryngeal videostroboscopy and no tools are available for objective assessment.
AIM
The main objective of the present study is to evaluate viability of Brillouin microspectroscopy for differentiating vocal folds' mechanical properties against surrounding tissues.
APPROACH
We used Brillouin microspectroscopy as an emerging optical imaging modality capable of providing information about local viscoelastic properties of tissues in noninvasive and remote manner.
RESULTS
Brillouin measurements of the porcine larynx vocal folds were performed. Elasticity-driven Brillouin spectral shifts were recorded and analyzed. Elastic properties, as assessed by Brillouin spectroscopy, strongly correlate with those acquired using classical elasticity measurements.
CONCLUSIONS
These results demonstrate the feasibility of Brillouin spectroscopy for vocal fold imaging. With more extensive research, this technique may provide noninvasive objective assessment of vocal fold mucosal pliability toward objective diagnoses and more targeted treatments.
Topics: Animals; Swine; Vocal Cords; Larynx; Phonation; Elasticity; Spectrum Analysis
PubMed: 37560326
DOI: 10.1117/1.JBO.28.8.087002 -
Biophysical Journal Dec 2023The linkers of the nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex comprises Sad-1 and UNC-84 (SUN) and Klarsicht, ANC-1, SYNE homology (KASH) domain proteins, whose...
The linkers of the nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex comprises Sad-1 and UNC-84 (SUN) and Klarsicht, ANC-1, SYNE homology (KASH) domain proteins, whose conserved interactions provide a physical coupling between the cytoskeleton and the nucleoskeleton, thereby mediating the transfer of physical forces across the nuclear envelope. The LINC complex can perform distinct cellular functions by pairing various KASH domain proteins with the same SUN domain protein. Recent studies have suggested a higher-order assembly of SUN and KASH instead of a more widely accepted linear trimer model for the LINC complex. In the present study, we use molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the mechanism of force transfer across the two proposed models of LINC complex assembly, namely the 3:3 linear trimer model and the 6:6 higher-order model. Employing steered molecular dynamics simulations with various structures using forces at different rates and directions, we examine the structural stability of the two models under various biologically relevant conditions. Our results suggest that both models can withstand and transfer significant levels of force while retaining their structural integrity. However, the force response of various SUN/KASH assemblies depend on the force direction and pulling rates. Slower pulling rates result in higher mean square fluctuations of the 3:3 assembly compared to the fast pulling. Interestingly, the 6:6 assembly tends to provide an additional range of motion flexibility and might be more advantageous to the structural rigidity and pliability of the nuclear envelope. These findings offer insights into how the SUN and KASH proteins maintain the structural integrity of the nuclear membrane.
Topics: Nuclear Proteins; Membrane Proteins; Cytoskeleton; Nuclear Matrix; Nuclear Envelope
PubMed: 37924205
DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.11.001 -
Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational... 2023High levels of VEGF and excessive angiogenesis contribute significantly to hypertrophic scar (HS) formation. Our study aimed to preliminarily investigate the effect of...
OBJECTIVE
High levels of VEGF and excessive angiogenesis contribute significantly to hypertrophic scar (HS) formation. Our study aimed to preliminarily investigate the effect of axitinib, a selective VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, on angiogenesis of HS and to explore its possible mechanism in a rabbit ear model.
METHODS
Ten male New Zealand white rabbits were used to establish HS models and then randomised to the control and axitinib groups. The scar tissues in the two groups were injected with axitinib or normal saline, and they were evaluated after one month of treatment. Macroscopic scar thickness, vascularity and pliability, as well as histopathological analysis including HE staining and Masson staining and scar elevation index (SEI) between two groups were compared. Immunohistochemical staining of CD31 in two groups was conducted to assess the degree of angiogenesis in HS tissue. The protein expression of protein kinase B (AKT) and ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) and their phosphorylation levels in both groups were examined by Western blot analysis.
RESULTS
The macroscopic and histological observation showed intralesional axitinib injection significantly reduced scar thickness, vascularity and pliability of HS in the rabbit ear model. The value of SEI in HE assessment was also significantly declined in the axitinib group. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis revealed that axitinib suppressed the expression of CD31 in HS tissue, and the mean IOD for blood vessels was significantly lower in the axitinib-treated group. Additionally, axitinib effectively attenuated the protein expression of p70S6K, p-AKT and p-p70S6K by Western blot analysis.
CONCLUSION
Our study suggests that intralesional injection of axitinib can effectively attenuate HS by reducing angiogenesis in the rabbit ear model, and this inhibitory effect may be mediated by suppression of AKT/p70S6K signaling pathway. It indicates that axitinib may be a promising option for the treatment of HS in the future.
PubMed: 37901151
DOI: 10.2147/CCID.S430852 -
Cureus Aug 2023Background Prolonged acne inflammation causes scar formation, one of which is post-acne keloids. Sebum, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level can...
Background Prolonged acne inflammation causes scar formation, one of which is post-acne keloids. Sebum, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level can influence post-acne keloids. This study aims to determine the association between sebum, total cholesterol, and LDL levels with post-acne keloids to better define the predisposing factors for this condition. Methods This study used primary data involving sociodemographics, clinical features, keloid classification, sebum levels, total cholesterol levels, and LDL levels in post-acne keloid patients at the Dermatology, Venereology, and Aesthetics Outpatient Clinics of Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang, Indonesia. Study samples were patients who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria by consecutive sampling. The data then underwent univariate and bivariate analyses to show the association between variables. Result A total of 22 patients with post-acne keloids participated. The subjects presented mostly with major keloids based on the classification (59.1%). The patients were predominantly 21-30 years old (50%) and male (90.9%). The keloids had onsets >six months to one year (45.5%), durations of one to five years (77.3%), and multiple presentations (68.2%). Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) assessment showed mainly red vascularity (40.9%), mixed pigmentation (68.2%), >5 mm keloid height (59.1%), and firm pliability (40.9%). Most patients presented with pruritus (86.4%) but without pain (54.5%). Most had low levels of sebum (50%), normal total cholesterol (90.9%), and near-optimal LDL level (40.9%). There were no significant association between sebum (p = 1.000), total cholesterol (p = 1.000), and LDL (p = 0.376) levels with post-acne keloids. However, LDL levels above normal were most found in this study (68.2%). Conclusions There is no association between sebum, total cholesterol, and LDL levels with post-acne keloids. Despite the fact that LDL level was not statistically significant, there has been a rise in LDL level in the research subjects. Further research with a larger number of subjects and consideration of multicenter study through retrospective/prospective methods and complete lipid profile examinations is still required to provide a more representative study.
PubMed: 37692568
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43096 -
Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery :... Aug 2023Any injury involving the dermis will lead to scarring. Scar tissue can cause functional limitations, cosmetic impairments, pain, and itch. Adipose-derived stem cells...
Any injury involving the dermis will lead to scarring. Scar tissue can cause functional limitations, cosmetic impairments, pain, and itch. Adipose-derived stem cells have also been shown to play a role in scar modulation. This study evaluates changes in lipofilled scar over the period of time and compares it with non-lipofilled scar tissue. A prospective case-control study with intraindividual follow-up was performed on 30 adult patients with post-burn scars from November 2016 to May 2019. Clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical parameters were assessed among the case and control regions of the scar. Mean age of the study population was 30.6 years. The duration of the scar included in this study ranged from 1 to 28 years, with a mean duration of 5.91 years. There was a significant reduction in pain, itch, stiffness, and an increase in the pliability of the scar, and a substantial improvement in the modified Vancouver Scar Score in the lipofilled group. In histopathological analysis, the case group showed organized parallel collagen fibers, a significant reduction in melanocytes, improvement in vascularity, and a significantly increased amount of collagen fibers at the reticular dermis. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated new cell synthesis in the scar tissue and reduced melanocytes. The remodeling effect of adipocyte-derived stem cells is long-lasting, and there is a gradual improvement in most of the parameters. Lipofilling has regenerative capacity, which leads to the improved overall appearance of scar and improvement at the cellular level.
PubMed: 37705812
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1771515 -
The Journal of Dermatological Treatment Dec 2023Hypertrophic scarring is a complex process, and numerous methods have been introduced to treat scars. This study aims to evaluate the effect of combined CO fractional... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Efficacy and safety of ablative CO fractional laser and narrowband intense pulsed light for the treatment of hypertrophic scars: a prospective, randomized controlled trial.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Hypertrophic scarring is a complex process, and numerous methods have been introduced to treat scars. This study aims to evaluate the effect of combined CO fractional laser and narrowband intense pulsed light (IPL) compared to IPL alone in the treatment of hypertrophic scars.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This was a prospective, randomized controlled study enrolled 138 patients with hypertrophic scars. The participants were randomly divided into two groups: CO-IPL and IPL group, and received three sessions at 10-14-week intervals for 3-month follow-up. Two independent plastic surgeons evaluated the treatments using the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scales (POSAS). Overall satisfaction was evaluated using the Patient Satisfaction Scale (PSS).
RESULTS
101 subjects completed the study. Compared to single IPL, the combination CO-IPL group showed a significant improvement in itching, color, stiffness, thickness, and irregularity, except for pain, and an enhancement in vascularization, pigmentation, thickness, relief, and pliability of the scar, assessed by POSAS ( < .01). 100% patients in the combination group were satisfied compared to 84% in IPL alone.
CONCLUSION
The combination of CO fractional laser and narrowband IPL efficiently improved the appearance and profile of hypertrophic scars, offering a comprehensive and reliable approach for scar therapy.
Topics: Humans; Cicatrix, Hypertrophic; Cicatrix; Carbon Dioxide; Treatment Outcome; Prospective Studies; Lasers, Gas
PubMed: 37070799
DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2023.2202287 -
The Pan African Medical Journal 2024anorectal malformations (ARM) are among the most common congenital anomalies in pediatric surgery. Early detection and management of vestibular fistulas are crucial for...
INTRODUCTION
anorectal malformations (ARM) are among the most common congenital anomalies in pediatric surgery. Early detection and management of vestibular fistulas are crucial for optimal outcomes, capitalizing on the pliability of sphincter muscles and the preservation of somatosensory integration. This study aimed to assess the incidence, clinical presentation, and management outcomes of vestibular fistula ARM in a low-income hospital setting.
METHODS
a retrospective audit was conducted on female pediatric patients aged up to 12 years treated for vestibular fistula ARM from January 1, 2011, to June 30, 2016. Data were collected from medical records, and patients were categorized into one of three surgical management groups. Clinical assessments, preoperative procedures, and surgical interventions were meticulously documented.
RESULTS
among 656 neonates, the incidence of vestibular fistula ARM was 8.2%. Patients presented at various ages, with 69.4% being early presenters. Notably, 11.1% of cases presented after 30 weeks of age. Functional fistula, constipation, and bowel obstruction were common presenting symptoms. Associated anomalies were relatively low. The choice of surgical approach varied, with a predominant 3-stage at 68%. Complication development did not significantly differ between surgical groups (p-value 0.083). Immediate postoperative complications were minimal, but complications at definitive anoplasty varied among the surgical groups. Anal strictures and fistula recurrence were noted. At 12 months post-surgery, anal strictures persisted in 9 participants.
CONCLUSION
this study highlights the challenges and outcomes associated with vestibular fistula ARM in a resource-constrained setting. The 3-stage approach, despite its historical preference, demonstrated suboptimal outcomes. A 2-stage procedure appears to offer a balanced alternative, particularly suitable for low-income healthcare systems. Further research and collaborative efforts are essential to refine the management of vestibular fistula ARM and improve patient outcomes.
Topics: Humans; Female; Retrospective Studies; Anorectal Malformations; Child; Infant; Child, Preschool; Infant, Newborn; Postoperative Complications; Incidence; Treatment Outcome; Poverty; Developing Countries; Recurrence; Rectal Fistula
PubMed: 38854868
DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2024.47.121.42919 -
Science Advances Nov 20232LiX-GaF (X = Cl, Br, I) electrolytes offer favorable features for solid-state batteries: mechanical pliability and high conductivities. However, understanding the...
2LiX-GaF (X = Cl, Br, I) electrolytes offer favorable features for solid-state batteries: mechanical pliability and high conductivities. However, understanding the origin of fast ion transport in 2LiX-GaF has been challenging. The ionic conductivity order of 2LiCl-GaF (3.20 mS/cm) > 2LiBr-GaF (0.84 mS/cm) > 2LiI-GaF (0.03 mS/cm) contradicts binary LiCl (10 S/cm) < LiBr (10 S/cm) < LiI (10 S/cm). Using multinuclear Li, Ga, F solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance and density functional theory simulations, we found that Ga(F,X) polyanions boost Li-ion transport by weakening Li-X interactions via charge clustering. In 2LiBr-GaF and 2LiI-GaF, Ga-X coordination is reduced with decreased F participation, compared to 2LiCl-GaF. These insights will inform electrolyte design based on charge clustering, applicable to various ion conductors. This strategy could prove effective for producing highly conductive multivalent cation conductors such as Ca and Mg, as charge clustering of carboxylates in proteins is found to decrease their binding to Ca and Mg.
PubMed: 37992180
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj9930 -
BMC Surgery Apr 2024To investigate the application and effectiveness of tension-reducing suture in the repair of hypertrophic scars.
PURPOSE
To investigate the application and effectiveness of tension-reducing suture in the repair of hypertrophic scars.
METHODS
A retrospective analysis of clinical data was conducted on 82 patients with hypertrophic scars treated at the Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from September 2021 to December 2022. Patients were operated with combination of heart-shaped tension-reducing suturing technique and looped, broad, and deep buried (LBD) suturing technique or conventional suture method. Outcomes of surgical treatment were assessed before and 6 months after surgery using the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) and the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS).
RESULTS
Improvements were achieved on scar quality compared to that preoperatively, with a reduction in scar width (1.7 ± 0.6 cm vs. 0.7 ± 0.2 cm, P < 0.001). Assessment using the POSAS and VSS scales showed significant improvements in each single parameter and total score compared to preoperative values (P < 0.05). The Combination method group achieved better score in total score of VSS scale, in color, stiffness, thickness and overall opinion of PSAS scale, and in vascularity, thickness, pliability and overall opinion of OSAS scale.
CONCLUSION
The amalgamation of the heart-shaped tension-reducing suturing technique and the LBD suturing technique has shown promising outcomes, garnering notably high levels of patient satisfaction in the context of hypertrophic scar repair. Patients have exhibited favorable postoperative recoveries, underscoring the clinical merit and the prospective broader applicability of this approach in the realm of hypertrophic scar management.
Topics: Humans; Cicatrix, Hypertrophic; Suture Techniques; Retrospective Studies; Male; Female; Adult; Middle Aged; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult; Sutures; Adolescent
PubMed: 38654240
DOI: 10.1186/s12893-024-02390-7 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2024The identification of natural remedies for the management of the skin aging process is an increasingly growing issue. In this context, ursolic acid (UA), a ubiquitous... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
The identification of natural remedies for the management of the skin aging process is an increasingly growing issue. In this context, ursolic acid (UA), a ubiquitous molecule, mainly contained in Annurca apple (AA) fruit, has demonstrated valuable cosmetic potential. To this end, in the current study, the AA oleolite (AAO, extract in sunflower oil containing 784.40 ± 7.579 µg/mL of UA) was evaluated to inhibit porcine elastase enzymatic reactions through a validated spectrophotometric method. AAO has shown a valuable capacity to contrast the elastase enzyme with a calculated IC of 212.76 mg/mL, in comparison to UA (IC of 135.24 μg/mL) pure molecules and quercetin (IC of 72.47 μg/mL) which are used as positive controls. In this context and in view of the valuable antioxidant potential of AAO, its topical formulation with 2.5% (w/w) AAO was tested in a placebo-controlled, double-blind, two-arm clinical study on 40 volunteers. Our results indicated that after 28 days of treatment, a significant reduction of the nasolabial fold (-7.2 vs. baseline T0, < 0.001) and forehead wrinkles (-5.3 vs. baseline T0, < 0.001) were registered in combination with a valuable improvement of the viscoelastic skin parameters, where skin pliability/firmness (R) and gross elasticity (R) were significantly ameliorated (-13% vs. baseline T0, < 0.001 for R and +12% vs. baseline T0, < 0.001 for R). Finally, considering the positive correlation between skin elasticity and hydration, the skin moisture was evaluated through the estimation of Trans epidermal water loss (TEWL) and skin conductance.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Swine; Malus; Skin; Cosmetics; Antioxidants; Pharmaceutical Vehicles; Pancreatic Elastase; Skin Aging
PubMed: 38338954
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031677