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Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Mar 2024A new member of the family Flavobacteriaceae (termed Hal144) was isolated from the marine breadcrumb sponge Halichondria panicea. Sponge material was collected in 2018...
A new member of the family Flavobacteriaceae (termed Hal144) was isolated from the marine breadcrumb sponge Halichondria panicea. Sponge material was collected in 2018 at Schilksee which is located in the Kiel Fjord (Baltic Sea, Germany). Phylogenetic analysis of the full-length Hal144 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed similarities from 94.3 to 96.6% to the nearest type strains of the genus Maribacter. The phylogenetic tree of the 16S rRNA gene sequences depicted a cluster of strain Hal144 with its closest relatives Maribacter aestuarii GY20 (96.6%) and Maribacter thermophilus HT7-2 (96.3%). Genome phylogeny showed that Maribacter halichondriae Hal144 branched from a cluster consisting of Maribacter arenosus, Maribacter luteus, and Maribacter polysiphoniae. Genome comparisons of strain Maribacter halichondriae Hal144 with Maribacter sp. type strains exhibited average nucleotide identities in the range of 75-76% and digital DNA-DNA hybridisation values in the range of 13.1-13.4%. Compared to the next related type strains, strain Hal144 revealed unique genomic features such as phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system pathway, serine-glyoxylate cycle, lipid A 3-O-deacylase, 3-hexulose-6-phosphate synthase, enrichment of pseudogenes and of genes involved in cell wall and envelope biogenesis, indicating an adaptation to the host. Strain Hal144 was determined to be Gram-negative, mesophilic, strictly aerobic, flexirubin positive, resistant to aminoglycoside antibiotics, and able to utilize N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine. Optimal growth occurred at 25-30 °C, within a salinity range of 2-6% sea salt, and a pH range between 5 and 8. The major fatty acids identified were C 3-OH, iso-C, and iso-C G. The DNA G + C content of strain Hal144 was 41.4 mol%. Based on the polyphasic approach, strain Hal144 represents a novel species of the genus Maribacter, and we propose the name Maribacter halichondriae sp. nov. The type strain is Hal144 (= DSM 114563 = LMG 32744).
Topics: Animals; Seawater; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Porifera; DNA, Bacterial; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Vitamin K 2; Fatty Acids; Flavobacteriaceae
PubMed: 38489089
DOI: 10.1007/s10482-024-01950-4 -
Marine Drugs May 2024Five new sulfated arylpyrrole and arylpyrrolone alkaloids, denigrins H-L (-), along with two known compounds, dictyodendrin B and denigrin G, were isolated from an...
Five new sulfated arylpyrrole and arylpyrrolone alkaloids, denigrins H-L (-), along with two known compounds, dictyodendrin B and denigrin G, were isolated from an extract of a New Zealand c.f. marine sponge. Denigrins H-L represent the first examples of sulfated denigrins with denigrins H and I (-), as derivatives of denigrin D, containing a pyrrolone core, and denigrins J-L (-), as derivatives of denigrin E (), containing a pyrrole core. Their structures were elucidated by interpretation of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data, ESI, and HR-ESI-MS spectrometric data, as well as comparison with literature data. Compounds , along with six known compounds previously isolated from the same extract, showed minimal cytotoxicity against the HeLa cervical cancer cell line.
Topics: Animals; Porifera; Humans; New Zealand; Pyrroles; HeLa Cells; Alkaloids; Sulfates; Molecular Structure; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Antineoplastic Agents
PubMed: 38786622
DOI: 10.3390/md22050231 -
Marine Drugs May 2024Neurodegenerative diseases involve neuroinflammation and a loss of neurons, leading to disability and death. Hence, the research into new therapies has been focused on...
Neurodegenerative diseases involve neuroinflammation and a loss of neurons, leading to disability and death. Hence, the research into new therapies has been focused on the modulation of the inflammatory response mainly by microglia/macrophages. The extracts and metabolites of marine sponges have been presented as anti-inflammatory. This study evaluated the toxicity of an extract and purified compound from the Brazilian marine sponge as well as its neuroprotection against inflammatory damage associated with the modulation of microglia response. PC12 neuronal cells and neonatal rat microglia were treated with the methanolic extract of (AF-MeOH, 0.1-200 μg/mL) or with its purified dimethyl ketal of 3,5-dibromoverongiaquinol (AF-H1, 0.1-100 μM). Cytotoxicity was determined by MTT tetrazolium, Trypan blue, and propidium iodide; microglia were also treated with the conditioned medium (CM) from PC12 cells in different conditions. The microglia phenotype was determined by the expression of Iba-1 and CD68. AF-MeOH and AF-H1 were not toxic to PC12 or the microglia. Inflammatory damage with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 5 μg/mL) was not observed in the PC12 cells treated with AF-MeOH (1-10 μg/mL) or AF-H1 (1-10 μM). Microglia subjected to the CM from PC12 cells treated with LPS and AF-MeOH or AF-H1 showed the control phenotype-like (multipolar, low-CD68), highlighting the anti-neuroinflammatory and neuroprotective effect of components of this marine sponge.
Topics: Animals; Microglia; Rats; Porifera; Neuroprotective Agents; PC12 Cells; Brazil; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Hydrocarbons, Brominated; Inflammation
PubMed: 38921546
DOI: 10.3390/md22060235 -
PloS One 2024The giant honeybee Apis dorsata (Fabricius, 1793) is an evolutionarily ancient species that builds its nests in the open. The nest consists of a single honeycomb covered...
The giant honeybee Apis dorsata (Fabricius, 1793) is an evolutionarily ancient species that builds its nests in the open. The nest consists of a single honeycomb covered with the bee curtain which are several layers of worker bees that remain almost motionless with their heads up and abdomens down on the nest surface, except for the mouth area, the hub between inner- and outer-nest activities. A colony may change this semi-quiescence several times a day, depending on its reproductive state and ambient temperature, to enter the state of mass flight activity (MFA), in which nest organisation is restructured and defense ability is likely to be suppressed (predicted by the mass-flight-suspend-defensiveness hypothesis). For this study, three episode of MFA (mfa1-3) of a selected experimental nest were analysed in a case study with sequences of >60 000 images at 50 Hz, each comprise a short pre-MFA session, the MFA and the post-MFA phase of further 10 min. To test colony defensiveness under normative conditions, a dummy wasp was cyclically presented with a standardised motion programme (Pd) with intervening sessions without such a presentation (nPd). Motion activity at five selected surveillance zones (sz1-5) on the nest were analysed. In contrast to mfa1,2, in mfa3 the experimental regime started with the cyclic presentation of the dummy wasp only after the MFA had subsided. As a result, the MFA intensity in mfa3 was significantly lower than in mfa1-2, suggesting that a colony is able to perceive external threats during the MFA. Characteristic ripples appear in the motion profiles, which can be interpreted as a start signal for the transition to MFA. Because they are strongest in the mouth zone and shift to higher frequencies on their way to the nest periphery, it can be concluded that MFA starts earlier in the mouth zone than in the peripheral zones, also suggesting that the mouth zone is a control centre for the scheduling of MFA. In Pd phases of pre- and postMFA, the histogram-based motion spectra are biphasic, suggesting two cohorts in the process, one remaining at quiescence and the other involved in shimmering. Under MFA, nPd and Pd spectra were typically Gaussian, suggesting that the nest mates with a uniform workload shifted to higher motion activity. At the end of the MFA, the spectra shift back to the lower motion activities and the Pd spectra form a biphasic again. This happens a few minutes earlier in the peripheral zones than in the mouth zone. Using time profiles of the skewness of the Pd motion spectra, the mass-flight-suspend-defensiveness hypothesis is confirmed, whereby the inhibition of defense ability was found to increase progressively during the MFA. These sawtooth-like time profiles of skewness during MFA show that defense capability is recovered again quite quickly at the end of MFA. Finally, with the help of the Pd motion spectra, clear indications can be obtained that the giant honeybees engage in a decision in the sense of a tradeoff between MFA and collective defensiveness, especially in the regions in the periphery to the mouth zone.
Topics: Bees; Animals; Motion; Porifera; Wasps; Normal Distribution; Bedding and Linens
PubMed: 38630677
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298467 -
PeerJ 2024Coral reefs are biodiverse ecosystems that rely on trophodynamic transfers from primary producers to consumers through the detrital pathway. The sponge loop hypothesis...
Coral reefs are biodiverse ecosystems that rely on trophodynamic transfers from primary producers to consumers through the detrital pathway. The sponge loop hypothesis proposes that sponges consume dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and produce large quantities of detritus on coral reefs, with this turn-over approaching the daily gross primary production of the reef ecosystem. In this study, we collected samples of detritus in the epilithic algal matrix (EAM) and samples from potential sources of detritus over two seasons from the forereef at Carrie Bow Cay, Belize. We chose this location to maximize the likelihood of finding support for the sponge loop hypothesis because Caribbean reefs have higher sponge abundances than other tropical reefs worldwide and the Mesoamerican barrier reef is an archetypal coral reef ecosystem. We used stable isotope analyses and eDNA metabarcoding to determine the composition of the detritus. We determined that the EAM detritus was derived from a variety of benthic and pelagic sources, with primary producers (micro- and macroalgae) as major contributors and metazoans (Arthropoda, Porifera, Cnidaria, Mollusca) as minor contributors. None of the sponge species that reportedly produce detritus were present in EAM detritus. The cnidarian signature in EAM detritus was dominated by octocorals, with a scarcity of hard corals. The composition of detritus also varied seasonally. The negligible contribution of sponges to reef detritus contrasts with the detrital pathway originally proposed in the sponge loop hypothesis. The findings indicate a mix of pelagic and benthic sources in the calmer summer and primarily benthic sources in the more turbulent spring.
Topics: Animals; Ecosystem; Coral Reefs; Anthozoa; Caribbean Region; Isotopes
PubMed: 38410802
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16970 -
Marine Drugs Mar 2024Nicotine binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) that are overexpressed in different cancer cells, promoting tumor growth and resistance to chemotherapy. In...
Nicotine binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) that are overexpressed in different cancer cells, promoting tumor growth and resistance to chemotherapy. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential of APS7-2 and APS8-2, synthetic analogs of a marine sponge toxin, to inhibit nicotine-mediated effects on A549 human lung cancer cells. Our electrophysiological measurements confirmed that APS7-2 and APS8-2 act as α7 nAChR antagonists. APS8-2 showed no cytotoxicity in A549 cells, while APS7-2 showed concentration-dependent cytotoxicity in A549 cells. The different cytotoxic responses of APS7-2 and APS8-2 emphasize the importance of the chemical structure in determining their cytotoxicity on cancer cells. Nicotine-mediated effects include increased cell viability and proliferation, elevated intracellular calcium levels, and reduced cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species production (ROS) in A549 cells. These effects of nicotine were effectively attenuated by APS8-2, whereas APS7-2 was less effective. Our results suggest that APS8-2 is a promising new therapeutic agent in the chemotherapy of lung cancer.
Topics: Humans; alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor; A549 Cells; Nicotine; Lung Neoplasms; Reactive Oxygen Species; Antineoplastic Agents; Cell Survival; Animals; Nicotinic Antagonists; Cell Proliferation; Cisplatin; Calcium; Porifera
PubMed: 38667764
DOI: 10.3390/md22040147 -
Marine Drugs Apr 2024In this study, Antarctic sponge-derived discorhabdin G was considered a hit for developing potential lead compounds acting as cholinesterase inhibitors. The hypothesis...
In this study, Antarctic sponge-derived discorhabdin G was considered a hit for developing potential lead compounds acting as cholinesterase inhibitors. The hypothesis on the pharmacophore moiety suggested through molecular docking allowed us to simplify the structure of the metabolite. ADME prediction and drug-likeness consideration provided valuable support in selecting 5-methyl-2H-benzo[h]imidazo[1,5,4-de]quinoxalin-7(3H)-one as a candidate molecule. It was synthesized in a four-step sequence starting from 2,3-dichloronaphthalene-1,4-dione and evaluated as an inhibitor of electric eel acetylcholinesterase (eeAChE), human recombinant AChE (hAChE), and horse serum butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), together with other analogs obtained by the same synthesis. The candidate molecule showed a slightly lower inhibitory potential against eeAChE but better inhibitory activity against hAChE than discorhabdin G, with a higher selectivity for AChEs than for BChE. It acted as a reversible competitive inhibitor, as previously observed for the natural alkaloid. The findings from the in vitro assay were relatively consistent with the data available from the AutoDock Vina and Protein-Ligand ANTSystem (PLANTS) calculations.
Topics: Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Animals; Molecular Docking Simulation; Acetylcholinesterase; Alkaloids; Butyrylcholinesterase; Humans; Electrophorus; Porifera; Structure-Activity Relationship; Horses
PubMed: 38667790
DOI: 10.3390/md22040173 -
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer... May 2024This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity effect of the ethyl acetate extract of Aaptos suberitoides on colorectal cancer cells (DLD-1) and murine fibroblast...
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity effect of the ethyl acetate extract of Aaptos suberitoides on colorectal cancer cells (DLD-1) and murine fibroblast cells (NIH-3T3).
METHODS
A. suberitoides was collected from Putus Island, Bunaken National Park, North Sulawesi, Indonesia, and was processed with maceration and ethyl acetate extraction. The sponge extract was characterized based on Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and then identified by using LCMS/MS analysis. DLD-1 and NIH-3T3 cells were treated with the ethyl acetate extract and then followed by 3- [4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl] -2.5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay to assess their cytotoxicity effect.
RESULTS
LCMS/MS analysis showed that the most abundant compounds in this extract were identified as aaptamine (1). Furthermore, this study revealed that the active ethyl acetate fraction of A. suberitoides has cytotoxic effects in colorectal cancer DLD-1 cells with an IC50 value of 9.597 µg/mL, higher than NIH-3T3 cells with an IC50 value of 12.23 µg/mL Thus, the active ethyl acetate fraction of A. suberitoides is considered more toxic to cancer cells than normal cells.
CONCLUSION
This study provides the first evidence to support the role of the ethyl acetate extract of A. suberitoides sponge extracts to be developed as a colorectal anticancer agent.
Topics: Animals; Colorectal Neoplasms; Porifera; Mice; Humans; Indonesia; Cell Proliferation; NIH 3T3 Cells; Antineoplastic Agents; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Apoptosis; Naphthyridines
PubMed: 38809646
DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2024.25.5.1737 -
Marine Drugs Apr 2024As a result of screening a panel of marine organisms to identify lead molecules for the stimulation of endochondral bone formation, the calcareous sponge was identified...
As a result of screening a panel of marine organisms to identify lead molecules for the stimulation of endochondral bone formation, the calcareous sponge was identified to exhibit significant activity during endochondral differentiation. On further molecular networking analysis, dereplication and chemical fractionation yielded the known clathridine A-related metabolites and the homodimeric complex (clathridine A) Zn (), together with the new unstable heterodimeric complex (clathridine A-clathridimine)Zn (). With the presence of the zinc complexes annotated through the LC-MS analysis of the crude extract changing due to the instability of some metabolites and complexes constituting the mixture, we combined the isolation of the predicted molecules with their synthesis in order to confirm their structure and to understand their reactivity. Interestingly, we also found a large quantity of the contaminant benzotriazoles BTZ () and its semi-dimer (BTZ)CH (), which are known to form complexes with transition metals and are used for preventing corrosion in water. All isolated 2-aminoimidazole derivatives and complexes were synthesized not only for structural confirmation and chemical understanding but to further study their bioactivity during endochondral differentiation, particularly the positively screened imidazolone derivatives. Compounds leucettamine B, clathridine A and clathridimine were found to increase type X collagen transcription and stimulate endochondral ossification in the ATDC5 micromass model.
Topics: Animals; Porifera; Osteogenesis; Cell Differentiation; Aquatic Organisms; Zinc
PubMed: 38786586
DOI: 10.3390/md22050196 -
Marine Drugs Apr 2024A new tetramic acid glycoside, aurantoside L (), was isolated from the sponge collected at Tsushima Is., Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. The structure of aurantoside L ()...
A new tetramic acid glycoside, aurantoside L (), was isolated from the sponge collected at Tsushima Is., Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. The structure of aurantoside L () composed of a tetramic acid bearing a chlorinated polyene system and a trisaccharide part was elucidated using spectral analysis. Aurantoside L () showed anti-parasitic activity against with an IC value of 0.74 µM.
Topics: Porifera; Animals; Glycosides; Leishmania; Antiprotozoal Agents; Pyrrolidinones; Japan; Inhibitory Concentration 50
PubMed: 38667788
DOI: 10.3390/md22040171