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Clinical Oral Investigations Feb 2024Recent research has demonstrated that platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is an appropriate carrier for ampicillin/sulbactam. The aim of the study was to investigate whether PRF...
OBJECTIVES
Recent research has demonstrated that platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is an appropriate carrier for ampicillin/sulbactam. The aim of the study was to investigate whether PRF is also a suitable bio-carrier for clindamycin (CLI).
METHODS
PRF membranes were produced from 36 patients receiving intravenous therapy with CLI (e.g. due to the diagnosis of an osteonecrosis of the jaw or infections). Concentrations of CLI in PRF membranes were measured with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and the antimicrobial effects were investigated in vitro in agar diffusion tests with fresh PRF and PRF stored for 24 h. Storage was performed in an incubator at 36 °C to simulate the in-vivo situation.
RESULTS
The mean concentration of CLI in plasma was 1.0 ± 0.3 μg/100 mg plasma; in resulting PRF membranes 0.7 ± 0.4 μg/100 mg PRF. Agar diffusion tests were performed with Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus mitis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Mean inhibition zones, in mm, for fresh PRF were 17.3, 12.2, 18.8, 17.1, 25.8 and 18.1, 12.7, 19.2, 17.3, and 26.3 for stored PRF, respectively.
CONCLUSION
The results demonstrate that PRF is a suitable bio-carrier for CLI when administered systemically to patients. The concentration in PRF generated from patients after infusion of 600 mg CLI dose suffices to target clinically relevant bacteria.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Using PRF as a carrier for local antibiotic application can prevent infections in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Within the study limitations, the findings could expand the scope of PRF application by adding CLI as a new antibiotic to the spectrum of PRF therapy.
Topics: Humans; Platelet-Rich Fibrin; Clindamycin; Agar; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Staphylococcus aureus
PubMed: 38351376
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05532-6 -
Frontiers in Oncology 2024Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of head and neck cancer worldwide. Emerging research suggests a strong association between OSCC and the oral... (Review)
Review
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of head and neck cancer worldwide. Emerging research suggests a strong association between OSCC and the oral microbiota, a diverse community of bacteria, fungi, viruses, and archaea. Pathogenic bacteria, in particular and , have been closely linked to OSCC. Moreover, certain oral fungi, such as , and viruses, like the human papillomavirus, have also been implicated in OSCC. Despite these findings, the precise mechanisms through which the oral microbiota influences OSCC development remain unclear and necessitate further research. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the oral microbiota and its relationship with OSCC and discusses potential carcinogenic pathways that the oral microbiota may activate or modulate are also discussed.
PubMed: 38375155
DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1319777 -
The Journal of Allergy and Clinical... Feb 2024Airway microbiota in asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) overlap (ACO) remains unknown.
BACKGROUND
Airway microbiota in asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) overlap (ACO) remains unknown.
OBJECTIVE
This study with ACO-enriched population aimed to clarify airway microbiota in ACO and in mixed granulocytic inflammation, often detected in ACO and chronic airway diseases.
METHODS
This is an observational cross-sectional study. Patients with asthma with airflow limitation, ACO, and COPD were enrolled. Blood tests, pulmonary function, exhaled nitric oxide, and sputum tests were conducted. Sputum microbiota was evaluated using the 16S rRNA gene sequencing technique.
RESULTS
A total of 112 patients (13 asthma, 67 ACO, and 32 COPD) were examined. There were no significant differences in α-diversity among the 3 diseases. The relative abundances of phylum Bacteroidetes, class Bacteroidia, and genus were associated with decreased eosinophilic inflammation, and were significantly lower in ACO than in COPD. In a comparison of sputum inflammatory subtypes, the proportion of was numerically highest in the mixed granulocytic subtype, followed by the neutrophilic subtype. Likewise, the proportion of was the highest in the intermediate-high (2%-8%) sputum eosinophil group and lowest in the severe (≥8%) eosinophil group. Clinically, proportion was associated with sputum symptoms. Finally, the proportion of was associated with higher blood eosinophil counts and most severe airflow limitation.
CONCLUSIONS
Bacteroidia and abundances in sputum are associated with the eosinophil-low phenotype, and ACO may be characterized by a decrease in these taxa. A mild elevation in sputum eosinophil does not preclude the presence of , which should be noted in the management of obstructive airway diseases.
PubMed: 38155860
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacig.2023.100194 -
International Journal of Molecular... Feb 2024Periodontitis is an inflammatory condition affecting the supporting structures of the teeth. Periodontal conditions may increase the susceptibility of individuals to... (Review)
Review
Periodontitis is an inflammatory condition affecting the supporting structures of the teeth. Periodontal conditions may increase the susceptibility of individuals to various systemic illnesses, including Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by a gradual onset and progressive deterioration, making it the primary cause of dementia, although the exact cause of the disease remains elusive. Both Alzheimer's disease and periodontitis share risk factors and clinical studies comparing the associations and occurrence of periodontitis among individuals with Alzheimer's disease have suggested a potential correlation between these conditions. Brains of individuals with Alzheimer's disease have substantiated the existence of microorganisms related to periodontitis, especially , which produces neurotoxic gingipains and may present the capability to breach the blood-brain barrier. may induce tau hyperphosphorylation and lead to neuronal apoptosis. Lipopolysaccharides-components of bacterial cell membranes and mediators of inflammation-also have an impact on brain function. Further research could unveil therapeutic approaches targeting periodontal pathogens to potentially alleviate AD progression.
Topics: Humans; Alzheimer Disease; Periodontitis; Inflammation; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Risk Factors
PubMed: 38473858
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052612 -
Italian Journal of Pediatrics Oct 2023Periodontal disease and its bacteria can be responsible for pregnancy complications and transmission of periodontal bacteria from mother to newborn.
BACKGROUND
Periodontal disease and its bacteria can be responsible for pregnancy complications and transmission of periodontal bacteria from mother to newborn.
METHODS
A salivary swab to 60 healthy, full-term newborns and their mothers was taken immediately after birth. The test was performed with Real Time PCR method to evaluate the expression of the gene through DNA amplification. The species considered were: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Fusobacterium nucleatum ssp.
RESULTS
The newborn oral microbiome was composed primarily by saprophytes (98.38 + 4.88%), just like the mothers (98.8 + 3.69%). There was a statistically significant difference of the total microbiological density in newborns and mothers (p = 0.0001). Maternal and neonatal oral microbiome had a correlated total microbiological density only in 33.3% (N = 20/60) of cases. The analysis of the oral microbiome showed a pathological composition only in 12/60 babies (20%). The most frequent detected specie in newborns was Fusobacterium nucleatum (9/12 babies, 75%), as well as for the mothers (53.3%). However, the pathogen was present both in baby and his mother only in 3 dyads. Porphyromonas gingivalis showed the highest association mother-baby (4/12 dyads, 33%). Porphyromonas gingivalis was the pathogen with the highest bacterial load in the 12 mothers. We found a statistically significant difference in the total load of Porphyromonas gingivalis in mothers and babies (p = 0.02).
CONCLUSIONS
There was a statistically significant difference in the richness of the microbiome from newborns and mothers. Even comparing the microbiological density in the oral cavity of the individual mother-child pairs, we did not find a significant concordance. These results seem to suggest a low influence of maternal oral microbiome on the richness of the oral neonatal one. We didn't find mother-child concordance (p = 0.0001) in the presence of pathogenic periodontal micro-organisms. Fusobacterium nucleatum was the most frequent specie detected. Porphyromonas gingivalis instead was the bacteria with the higher possibility of transmission. In conclusion in our study maternal oral health doesn't affect healthy, full-term newborns' oral microbiome. Further studies are needed to understand the maternal influence on newborn's oral microbiome and its effects on babies long-term health.
Topics: Infant; Pregnancy; Female; Infant, Newborn; Humans; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Prevotella intermedia; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Mothers
PubMed: 37840153
DOI: 10.1186/s13052-023-01520-w -
Cureus Aug 2023The aim of the study is to prepare the dual gel using nutmeg and Tulsi and then the evaluation of the antimicrobial properties and cytotoxic potential.
AIM
The aim of the study is to prepare the dual gel using nutmeg and Tulsi and then the evaluation of the antimicrobial properties and cytotoxic potential.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The Nutmeg Tulsi gel preparation has been done with a mixture of equal amounts of nutmeg and Tulsi powder. To the above-mentioned mixture, 5 mL of the concentrate is added and mixed thoroughly until the gel formation is done. The antimicrobial property is checked in the organism (p>0.05). The cytotoxic potential is checked in the Brine variety of the shrimp. The statistical analysis is done using a Paired t-test.
RESULTS
The results stated that the Nutmeg Tulsi gel at a concentration of 100 microgram/mL showed a greater zone of inhibition (4.1±0.09 mm) when compared with doxycycline and has high antimicrobial potential in both and Conclusion: The antimicrobial property of Nutmeg Tulsi gel has been demonstrated to be effective against and . This suggests that it could be used as an affordable and effective "adjunct" alongside standard care for managing periodontal conditions.
PubMed: 37753020
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44140 -
American Journal of Cancer Research 2023Maintaining and transferring intact genomes from one generation to another plays a pivotal role in all living organisms. DNA damage caused by numerous endogenous and... (Review)
Review
Maintaining and transferring intact genomes from one generation to another plays a pivotal role in all living organisms. DNA damage caused by numerous endogenous and exogenous factors must be adequately repaired, as unrepaired and accumulated DNA mutations can cause severe deleterious effects, such as cell death and cancer. To prevent adverse consequences, cells have established DNA damage response mechanisms that address different forms of DNA damage, including DNA double-strand breaks, mismatches, nucleotide excision, and base excision. Among several sources of exogenous DNA damage, bacterial infections cause inflammation in the host, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and causing oxidative DNA damage. Recent studies have revealed the importance of the oral microbiome in inflammation and several systemic host diseases. Dysbiosis of oral bacteria can induce chronic inflammation, which enhances ROS-induced DNA damage, and improperly repaired damage can lead to carcinogenesis. This review describes the various DNA repair pathways that are affected by chronic inflammation and the discovery of the DNA damage response induced by oral bacteria such as and .
PubMed: 37559975
DOI: No ID Found -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024The oral cavity stands as one of the pivotal interfaces facilitating the intricate interaction between the human body and the external environment. The impact of diverse... (Review)
Review
The oral cavity stands as one of the pivotal interfaces facilitating the intricate interaction between the human body and the external environment. The impact of diverse oral microorganisms on the emergence and progression of various systemic cancers, typified by oral cancer, has garnered increasing attention. The potential pathogenicity of oral bacteria, notably the anaerobic and , has been extensively studied and exhibits obvious correlation with different carcinoma types. Furthermore, oral fungi and viruses are closely linked to oropharyngeal carcinoma. Multiple potential mechanisms of oral microbiota-induced carcinogenesis have been investigated, including heightened inflammatory responses, suppression of the host immune system, influence on the tumor microenvironment, anti-apoptotic activity, and promotion of malignant transformation. The disturbance of microbial equilibrium and the migration of oral microbiota play a pivotal role in facilitating oncogenic functions. This review aims to comprehensively outline the pathogenic mechanisms by which oral microbiota participate in carcinogenesis. Additionally, this review delves into their potential applications in cancer prevention, screening, and treatment. It proves to be a valuable resource for researchers investigating the intricate connection between oral microbiota and systemic cancers.
PubMed: 38756728
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1369834 -
A review and new perspective on oral bacteriophages: manifestations in the ecology of oral diseases.Journal of Oral Microbiology 2024To explore the manifestations of bacteriophages in different oral disease ecologies, including periodontal diseases, dental caries, endodontic infections, and oral... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To explore the manifestations of bacteriophages in different oral disease ecologies, including periodontal diseases, dental caries, endodontic infections, and oral cancer, as well as to propel phage therapy for safer and more effective clinical application in the field of dentistry.
METHODS
In this literature review, we outlined interactions between bacteriophages, bacteria and even oral cells in the oral ecosystem, especially in disease states. We also analyzed the current status and future prospects of phage therapy in the perspective of different oral diseases.
RESULTS
Various oral bacteriophages targeting at periodontal pathogens as , , and , cariogenic pathogen , endodontic pathogen were predicted or isolated, providing promising options for phage therapy. In the realm of oral cancer, aside from displaying tumor antigens or participating in tumor-targeted therapies, phage-like particle vaccines demonstrated the potential to prevent oral infections caused by human papillomaviruses (HPVs) associated with head-and-neck cancers.
CONCLUSION
Due to their intricate interactions with bacteria and oral cells, bacteriophages are closely linked to the progression and regression of diverse oral diseases. And there is an urgent need for research to explore additional possibilities of bacteriophages in the management of oral diseases.
PubMed: 38698893
DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2024.2344272 -
Nature Medicine May 2024Despite substantial progress in cancer microbiome research, recognized confounders and advances in absolute microbiome quantification remain underused; this raises...
Despite substantial progress in cancer microbiome research, recognized confounders and advances in absolute microbiome quantification remain underused; this raises concerns regarding potential spurious associations. Here we study the fecal microbiota of 589 patients at different colorectal cancer (CRC) stages and compare observations with up to 15 published studies (4,439 patients and controls total). Using quantitative microbiome profiling based on 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon sequencing, combined with rigorous confounder control, we identified transit time, fecal calprotectin (intestinal inflammation) and body mass index as primary microbial covariates, superseding variance explained by CRC diagnostic groups. Well-established microbiome CRC targets, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum, did not significantly associate with CRC diagnostic groups (healthy, adenoma and carcinoma) when controlling for these covariates. In contrast, the associations of Anaerococcus vaginalis, Dialister pneumosintes, Parvimonas micra, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, Porphyromonas asaccharolytica and Prevotella intermedia remained robust, highlighting their future target potential. Finally, control individuals (age 22-80 years, mean 57.7 years, standard deviation 11.3) meeting criteria for colonoscopy (for example, through a positive fecal immunochemical test) but without colonic lesions are enriched for the dysbiotic Bacteroides2 enterotype, emphasizing uncertainties in defining healthy controls in cancer microbiome research. Together, these results indicate the importance of quantitative microbiome profiling and covariate control for biomarker identification in CRC microbiome studies.
Topics: Humans; Colorectal Neoplasms; Middle Aged; Feces; Female; Aged; Male; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Adult; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Aged, 80 and over; Young Adult; Microbiota; Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex
PubMed: 38689063
DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-02963-2