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Food Science & Nutrition Sep 2023Calcium is imperative in maintaining a quality life, particularly during later ages. Its deficiency results in a wide range of metabolic disorders such as dental... (Review)
Review
Calcium is imperative in maintaining a quality life, particularly during later ages. Its deficiency results in a wide range of metabolic disorders such as dental changes, cataracts, alterations in brain function, and osteoporosis. These deficiencies are more pronounced in females due to increased calcium turnover throughout their life cycle, especially during pregnancy and lactation. Vitamin D perform a central role in the metabolism of calcium. Recent scientific interventions have linked calcium with an array of metabolic disorders in females including hypertension, obesity, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), multiple sclerosis, and breast cancer. This review encompasses these female metabolic disorders with special reference to calcium and vitamin D deficiency. This review article aims to present and elaborate on available data regarding the worldwide occurrence of insufficient calcium consumption in females and allied health risks, to provide a basis for formulating strategies and population-level scientific studies to adequately boost calcium intake and position where required.
PubMed: 37701195
DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3519 -
Cephalalgia : An International Journal... Jan 2024Migraine is a common disorder, particularly affecting women during their reproductive years. This female preponderance has been linked to exposure to female sex hormones.
BACKGROUND
Migraine is a common disorder, particularly affecting women during their reproductive years. This female preponderance has been linked to exposure to female sex hormones.
METHODS
We used self-reported data from women born in 1943-1965 enrolled in the Norwegian Women and Cancer Study to examine the differences between women with migraine and women without migraine in a prospective design with respect to both endogenous and exogenous female sex hormone exposure.
RESULTS
In total, 62,959 women were included in the study, of whom 24.8% reported previous migraine (n = 15,635). Using a Cox proportional hazards model, we found that higher age at menarche reduced the risk of migraine (hazards ratio (HR) = 0.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.95-0.98) and that oral contraceptive use and parity increased the risk of migraine (HR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.06-1.18 and HR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.29-1.46, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS
Older age at menarche appears to reduce migraine risk, whereas oral contraceptive use and having children appear to increase the risk. Further research is required to investigate the causality of these associations.
Topics: Pregnancy; Child; Female; Humans; Aged, 80 and over; Menopause; Estrogens; Migraine Disorders; Risk Factors; Contraceptives, Oral
PubMed: 38215242
DOI: 10.1177/03331024231225972 -
Medicine Jul 2023Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common condition in women of reproductive age. It is characterized by a range of behavioral, physical, and psychological symptoms. The... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
The effect of progressive muscle relaxation technique and myofascial release technique on premenstrual symptoms, blood circulation, and quality of life in women with premenstrual syndrome: A single-blind randomized controlled study.
BACKGROUND
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common condition in women of reproductive age. It is characterized by a range of behavioral, physical, and psychological symptoms. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of progressive relaxation and myofascial release technique (MRT) on premenstrual symptoms, blood flow rate, pain, sleep quality and quality of life, in women with PMS.
METHOD
The study will conduct as a single-blind randomized controlled trial. Study registered at the ClinicalTrial.gov Protocol ID: NCT05836454. The volunteers will be randomized using allocation software to be divided into 3 groups: the progressive muscle relaxation group, the MRT group, and the control group. Assessments will be conducted by another physical therapist who is blinded to the groups. The assessments will include the Premenstrual Syndrome Severity Score, Blood Flow Measurements, Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Short Form-36 Health Survey.
DISCUSSION
Since both methods provide relaxation, improve symptoms and quality of life, they have not been compared to each other in the literature. This prompt to us to plan this study.
Topics: Female; Humans; Autogenic Training; Quality of Life; Myofascial Release Therapy; Single-Blind Method; Premenstrual Syndrome
PubMed: 37417631
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000034223 -
BMC Public Health May 2024Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a condition causing severe emotional, physical, and behavioral symptoms before menstruation. It greatly hinders daily...
Determinants of premenstrual dysphoric disorder and associated factors among regular undergraduate students at Hawassa University Southern, Ethiopia, 2023: institution-based cross-sectional study.
BACKGROUND
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a condition causing severe emotional, physical, and behavioral symptoms before menstruation. It greatly hinders daily activities, affecting academic and interpersonal relationships. Attention is not given to premenstrual disorders among female students in higher education. As a result, students are susceptible to stress, and their academic success is influenced by various factors, including their menstrual cycle, and the long-term outcomes and consequences are poorly researched. Even though PMDD has a significant negative impact on student's academic achievement and success limited research has been conducted in low- and middle-income countries including Ethiopia, especially in the study setting. Therefore, a study is needed to assess premenstrual dysphoric disorder and associated factors among regular undergraduate students at Hawassa University.
METHODS
An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 374 regular undergraduate female students at Hawassa University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences. A self-administered structured premenstrual symptoms screening tool for adolescents was used to assess premenstrual dysphoric disorder. The collected data were loaded into a statistical package for the social science version 25 and analyzed using it. Both bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify factors associated with premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Each independent variable was entered separately into bivariate analysis, and a variable with a p-value less than 0.25 were included in the multivariate analysis to adjust the possible confounders. Statistically significant was declared at a 95% confidence interval when variable with a p-value less than 0.05 in the multivariate analysis with premenstrual dysphoric disorder.
RESULTS
The magnitude of premenstrual dysphoric disorder in this study was 62.6% (95% CI 57.4-67.5). Having severe premenstrual pain (AOR = 6.44;95%CI 1.02-40.73), having irregular menstrual cycle (AOR = 2.21; 95% CI 1.32-3.70), students who had poor social support (AOR = 5.10;95%CI, (2.76-12.92) and moderate social support (AOR = 4.93;95%CI (2.18-11.18), and students who used contraception (AOR = 3.76;95%CI, 2.21-6,40) were statistically significant factors with the outcome variable.
CONCLUSION
The prevalence of premenstrual dysphoric disorder was high as compared to other studies. There was a strong link between irregular menstrual cycle, severe menstrual pain (severe dysmenorrhea), poor social support, and contraception use with premenstrual dysphoric disorder. This needs early screening and intervention to prevent the complications and worsening of the symptoms that affect students' academic performance by the institution.
Topics: Humans; Female; Ethiopia; Cross-Sectional Studies; Students; Universities; Young Adult; Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder; Adolescent; Adult; Risk Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 38783237
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18798-y -
Chonnam Medical Journal May 2024Oxidative stress maybe involved in the patho-etiology of menstrual-associated complications. Curcuminoids, are polyphenolic natural compounds that have potentially...
Curcuminoid-Piperine Combination Improves Radical Scavenging Activity in Women with Premenstrual Syndrome and Dysmenorrhea: A Post-hoc Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Study.
Oxidative stress maybe involved in the patho-etiology of menstrual-associated complications. Curcuminoids, are polyphenolic natural compounds that have potentially important functional activities. This triple-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was performed to investigate the effects of a curcuminoids on oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity in girls with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and dysmenorrhea. Eighty young girls with both PMS and dysmenorrhea were randomly given either curcuminoids (500 mg+5 mg piperine) or a placebo daily, for a period from 7 days pre- until 3 days post- initiation of menstrual bleeding for 3 successive menstrual cycles. The total antioxidant capacity and free radical scavenging activity of serum and urine were quantified via ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) methods, respectively. There were no significant differences between the placebo and curcumin groups, with respect to the age, dietary intake and biochemical/anthropometric indices (p>0.05). The curcumin treatment significantly increased the free-radical scavenging activity of serum compared to the treatment with placebo (p=0.031). Although, no significant changes were found in serum and urinary levels of FRAP, DPPH and MDA between the groups (p>0.05). Curcumin treatment did increase free-radical scavenging activity and antioxidant potential in girls with PMS and dysmenorrhea. Investigations with higher doses and duration of curcumin are required to verify our findings.
PubMed: 38841613
DOI: 10.4068/cmj.2024.60.2.113 -
BMC Women's Health Jun 2024Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a widely seen reproductive and endocrinological disorder. PCOS can exert substantial effects on many aspects of an individual's... (Observational Study)
Observational Study Comparative Study
Comparison of premenstrual symptoms, psychological well-being, and nutritional status between Palestinian women with and without polycystic ovarian syndrome: a case-control study.
BACKGROUND
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a widely seen reproductive and endocrinological disorder. PCOS can exert substantial effects on many aspects of an individual's life, including reproductive health and psychological well-being. The objective of this study was to assess the nutritional status, premenstrual syndrome, and mental health of women affected by PCOS in comparison to women without PCOS.
METHODOLOGY
A case-control observational study in Palestine included 100 PCOS patients and 200 healthy women. The collected data included socio-demographic information, medical history, premenstrual syndrome, mental health, nutritional status, and lifestyle. Anthropometric measurement and the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) were used to evaluate the nutritional status. The General Health Questionnaire (12-GHQ) was used to evaluate the state of mental health. Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) severity was evaluated using a validated Arabic premenstrual syndrome questionnaire.
RESULTS
The study's findings indicated that there was a statistically significant increase in the three dimensions of PMS among participants with PCOS, p < 0.05. Similarly, PCOS patients demonstrated elevated ratings across all aspects of mental health, p < 0.05. In terms of the other variables, it has been observed that PCOS patients have a notably greater prevalence of perceived sleep disturbances and decreased adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Regression analysis revealed that PCOS is associated with mental health problems indicated by a higher GHQ score (OR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.03; 1.16, p < 0.05), lower adherence to the MD diet (OR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.76; 0.98, p < 0.05), and pre-menstrual syndrome, especially the physical symptoms (OR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.003; 1.12, p < 0.05) after adjusting for age, smoking, waist-hip ratio, and body mass index (BMI).
CONCLUSION
The study has linked polycystic ovary syndrome to negative mental health outcomes and an increased severity of premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Additional investigation is required in order to establish a causal association between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and lifestyle behaviors within the Palestinian population. Intervention and instructional studies are necessary to investigate the efficacy of management strategies in alleviating the effects of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) on both physical and mental well-being.
Topics: Humans; Female; Premenstrual Syndrome; Case-Control Studies; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Adult; Nutritional Status; Arabs; Mental Health; Young Adult; Surveys and Questionnaires; Diet, Mediterranean; Severity of Illness Index; Psychological Well-Being
PubMed: 38907183
DOI: 10.1186/s12905-024-03210-z -
Cureus Aug 2023Background Pre-menstrual syndrome (PMS) is a condition associated with altered hormone levels during the menstrual phase of females and is characterised by physical,...
Efficacy and Tolerability Evaluation of a Nutraceutical Composition Containing Vitex agnus-castus Extract (EVX40™), Pyridoxine, and Magnesium in Premenstrual Syndrome: A Real-World, Interventional, Comparative Study.
Background Pre-menstrual syndrome (PMS) is a condition associated with altered hormone levels during the menstrual phase of females and is characterised by physical, emotional, and behavioural symptoms that have a negative impact on the quality of life of females. The symptoms of PMS may vary between individuals, but the major complication is pain, especially during menstrual days. The current treatment strategy involves the use of hormonal therapies and analgesics for symptomatic relief, but these therapies have a risk of potential side effects. The use of herbal and nutraceutical supplements in PMS conditions is increasing due to their long-term safety and proven efficacy. The current real-world study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of Ezedayz tablets containing extract (EVX40™), vitamin B6, and magnesium in PMS subjects. Methodology A real-world, open-label study was conducted involving 64 participants with varied severity of PMS symptoms. Participants were categorised into Group A (N=23) receiving standard therapies, Group B (N=20) receiving Ezedayztablets, or Group C (N=21) receiving standard and Ezedayztherapy. Standard therapies were provided as per physician supervision, and Ezedayz tablets were given for 90 days. All subjects were evaluated on core symptoms of PMS like menstrual backache, menstrual cramps, joint or muscle pain, and headache using the numerical rating scale (NRS), and quality-of-life (QoL) was evaluated using a QoL questionnaire. A spontaneous reporting methodology was used to evaluate the tolerability of the therapies provided. Statistical analysis was performed as per the statistical plan. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Out of 64 participants, five were lost to follow-up, and the data of 59 participants were included in the final analysis. All groups showed improvement in all evaluated parameters, but Group B and Group C showed greater improvement at the end of the study in all evaluated parameters. The quality-of-life assessment revealed greater improvement in Group B and Group C participants compared to Group C in all evaluated QoL parameters. No serious side effects were observed in any subjects. Conclusion The results of the current study conclude that the nutraceutical composition of extract, vitamin B6, and magnesium is effective in reducing the severity of PMS symptoms and improving the quality of life of PMS subjects. The nutraceutical therapy provided greater relief from PMS symptoms compared to standard therapy alone, and this effect was augmented when the nutraceutical therapy was provided in combination with standard therapies. Similarly, the improvement in quality-of-life parameters was greater in subjects treated with nutraceuticals alone or in combination therapy. Despite the limitations of the study, the results of the current study are promising, and the nutraceutical composition (Ezedayz) can be effectively used in clinical settings to control symptoms and improve the quality of life of PMS patients.
PubMed: 37664371
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42832 -
Cureus Aug 2023Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a menstrual disorder characterized by physical, behavioral, and emotional symptoms typically occurring during the luteal phase. These... (Review)
Review
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a menstrual disorder characterized by physical, behavioral, and emotional symptoms typically occurring during the luteal phase. These symptoms are usually mild and somatic and often subside during or just before the start of menstruation. Medical professionals employ pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments as the primary approach to managing PMS. One effective non-pharmacological method is Laura Mitchell's physiological relaxation treatment, which has been shown to enhance immunological function, reduce depression, and improve the overall quality of life. Another beneficial technique is Benson's relaxation technique, established by Herbert Benson in 1970, providing a simple yet powerful stress-release strategy. For this study, research papers were searched using various reputable databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar websites, with data collected up to the end of 2021. The publication dates of the review articles were not restricted, allowing for a comprehensive overview. However, it is important to note that only a limited number of accessible studies have been found, underscoring the need for further research. Future investigations should focus on high-quality evidence with reliable outcome measures to draw more conclusive results about which relaxation technique offers better relief for PMS.
PubMed: 37736435
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43822 -
Future Science OA Oct 2023The study aims to assess factors associated with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and the frequency of using painkillers to relieve premenstrual pain.
AIM
The study aims to assess factors associated with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and the frequency of using painkillers to relieve premenstrual pain.
METHODS
This is a cross-sectional study of 1580 premenopausal women. An online self-administered questionnaire consists of sociodemographics, and the diagnostic criteria using the Arabic Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (A-PMS).
RESULTS
The prevalence of PMS among Jordanian females was 94%. Moreover, a significant correlation was found between several factors, including BMI, family history of PMS, smoking, and herbal tea consumption and the psychological, physical and behavioral symptoms of PMS. Furthermore, analgesic use for pain relief and food cravings were significantly associated with psychological, physical and behavioral PMS symptoms.
CONCLUSION
PMS is highly prevalent and affects women in different life aspects.
PubMed: 37752914
DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2023-0056 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2023Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) stands as a significant concern within the realm gynecological disorders, profoundly impacting women of childbearing age in China. However,...
OBJECTIVE
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) stands as a significant concern within the realm gynecological disorders, profoundly impacting women of childbearing age in China. However, the elusive nature of its risk factors necessitates investigation. This study, therefore, is dedicated to unraveling the intricacies of PMS by focusing on nurses, a cohort with unique occupational stressors, to develop and validate a predictive model for assessing the risk of PMS.
METHODS
This investigation employed a multi-center cross-sectional analysis drawing upon data from the TARGET Nurses' health cohort. Utilizing online survey versions of the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS), a comprehensive dataset encompassing physiological, social, psychological, occupational, and behavioral variables was collected from 18,645 participants. A stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify independent risk factors for PMS. Furthermore, a refined variable selection process was executed, combining the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) method with 10-fold cross-validation. The visualization of the risk prediction model was achieved through a nomogram, and its performance was evaluated using the C index, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and the calibration curves.
RESULTS
Among the diverse variables explored, this study identified several noteworthy predictors of PMS in nurses, including tea or coffee consumption, sleep quality, menstrual cycle regularity, intermenstrual bleeding episodes, dysmenorrhea severity, experiences of workplace bullying, trait coping style, anxiety, depression and perceived stress levels. The prediction model exhibited robust discriminatory power, with an area under the curve of 0.765 for the training set and 0.769 for the test set. Furthermore, the calibration curve underscored the model's high degree of alignment with observed outcomes.
CONCLUSION
The developed model showcases exceptional accuracy in identifying nurses at risk of PMS. This early alert system holds potential to significantly enhance nurses' well-being and underscore the importance of professional support.
Topics: Humans; Female; Cohort Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Premenstrual Syndrome; Risk Factors; Coffee
PubMed: 37854248
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1203280