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Nutrients Jul 2023Aging skin, wrinkles, pigmentation, and dryness are problems that plague people, and researchers are working to solve them. Recent studies have shown that intestinal... (Review)
Review
Aging skin, wrinkles, pigmentation, and dryness are problems that plague people, and researchers are working to solve them. Recent studies have shown that intestinal microbiota homeostasis can influence skin health, demonstrating the existence of a gut-skin axis. Recently, improving skin health through probiotic interventions has been proposed, and micro-ecological skin care is becoming a popular concept. By regulating skin health and gut-skin axis interactions, probiotics can be used as potential management tools to suppress and improve skin diseases in multiple ways, including decreasing oxidative stress, suppressing inflammatory responses, and keeping immune effects. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the application and mechanisms of probiotic-mediated gut microbiota homeostasis in skin care and to offer a theoretical basis for the application of probiotics in skin care.
Topics: Humans; Skin; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Skin Diseases; Probiotics; Skin Aging
PubMed: 37513540
DOI: 10.3390/nu15143123 -
Gut Microbes Dec 2023The advent of high-throughput 'omics' technologies has improved our knowledge of gut microbiome in human health and disease, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), a... (Review)
Review
The advent of high-throughput 'omics' technologies has improved our knowledge of gut microbiome in human health and disease, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder. Frequent bidirectional communications and mutual regulation exist between the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system through the gut-brain axis. A large body of research has reported a close association between the gut microbiota and AD development, and restoring a healthy gut microbiota may curb or even improve AD symptoms and progression. Thus, modulation of the gut microbiota has become a novel paradigm for clinical management of AD, and emerging effort has focused on developing potential novel strategies for preventing and/or treating the disease. In this review, we provide an overview of the connection and causal relationship between gut dysbiosis and AD, the mechanisms of gut microbiota in driving AD progression, and the successes and challenges of implementing available gut microbiome-targeted therapies (including probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation) in preventive and/or therapeutic preclinical and clinical intervention studies of AD. Finally, we discuss the future directions in this field.
Topics: Humans; Alzheimer Disease; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Probiotics; Prebiotics; Synbiotics; Dysbiosis
PubMed: 37934614
DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2271613 -
EBioMedicine Nov 2023The gut-liver axis plays a prominent role in the pathogenesis and therapy of metabolic diseases such as diabetes. The intestinal specific origin of several hormones that... (Review)
Review
The gut-liver axis plays a prominent role in the pathogenesis and therapy of metabolic diseases such as diabetes. The intestinal specific origin of several hormones that guide both inter- and post-prandial metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids, drives the attention of scientists and clinicians on the gut as a major site to intervene with novel diagnostic or prognostic markers. The role of intestinal ecology in the metabolic syndrome was postulated when gut microbiota was directly connected with inflammation, hyperinsulinemia, and diabetes. There have been several discoveries with the role of gut microbiota and gut-liver axis in diabetes. Also, there are several trials ongoing on the therapeutic efficacy of probiotic administration in diabetes and its complications. Here we point to the metabolic action of microbiota and discuss the actual state of the art on gut microbiota as a novel prognostic biomarker with a putative therapeutic role in diabetes.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Prebiotics; Obesity; Diabetes Mellitus; Probiotics
PubMed: 37804567
DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104821 -
Nutrients Jul 2023The number of individuals experiencing mental disorders (e.g., anxiety and depression) has significantly risen in recent years. Therefore, it is essential to seek... (Review)
Review
The number of individuals experiencing mental disorders (e.g., anxiety and depression) has significantly risen in recent years. Therefore, it is essential to seek prevention and treatment strategies for mental disorders. Several gut microbiota, especially Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, are demonstrated to affect mental health through microbiota-gut-brain axis, and the gut microbiota dysbiosis can be related to mental disorders, such as anxiety, depression, and other mental disorders. On the other hand, dietary components, including probiotics (e.g., and ), prebiotics (e.g., dietary fiber and alpha-lactalbumin), synbiotics, postbiotics (e.g., short-chain fatty acids), dairy products, spices (e.g., , curcumin, and capsaicin), fruits, vegetables, medicinal herbs, and so on, could exert protective effects against mental disorders by enhancing beneficial gut microbiota while suppressing harmful ones. In this paper, the mental disorder-associated gut microbiota are summarized. In addition, the protective effects of dietary components on mental health through targeting the gut microbiota are discussed. This paper can be helpful to develop some dietary natural products into pharmaceuticals and functional foods to prevent and treat mental disorders.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Anxiety; Depression; Mental Disorders; Prebiotics; Probiotics; Synbiotics; Biological Products
PubMed: 37513676
DOI: 10.3390/nu15143258 -
Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins Oct 2023Vaginitis is a common problem in women. Candida albicans is responsible for more than 85% of vaginal fungal infections. The aim of this study was to compare the effects... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Vaginitis is a common problem in women. Candida albicans is responsible for more than 85% of vaginal fungal infections. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of probiotic and fluconazole on the treatment and recurrence of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). This triple-blinded randomized controlled trial was conducted on 80 married women, aged 18-49 years, with VVC, as confirmed by clinical and laboratory diagnosis. The participants were allocated into two groups using blocked randomization method. The fluconazole-treated group received a single dose of fluconazole (150 mg) supplemented with 30 placebo capsules of probiotic, and the probiotic-treated group got 30 probiotic capsules containing 1 × 10 CFU/g LA-5 with 1 fluconazole placebo capsule. The samples were taken from patients to evaluate the vaginal pH and microbiological tests before, 30-35 days, and 60-65 days after starting the treatment. The signs and symptoms were assessed before the intervention and the first and second follow-ups. Chi-square, Fisher's exact, independent t, and ANCOVA tests were then used for data analysis. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.127) in the frequency of negative culture 30-35 days after starting the treatment, but the frequency of negative culture 60-65 days after starting treatment in the fluconazole group was significantly higher than that of the probiotic group (p = 0.016). The abnormal discharge and vulvovaginal erythema in the first and second follow-ups and also pruritus in the second follow-up in the fluconazole group were significantly lower than those in the probiotic group (p < 0.05). There was, however, no statistically significant difference in burning, frequent urination, dysuria, and dyspareunia between the groups (p > 0.05). Lactobacillus acidophilus supplementation had an effect similar to that of fluconazole in treating most symptoms of VVC, but it was less effective than the latter in preventing recurrence. Trial Registration: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT): IRCT20110826007418N5. Date of registration: 3 March 2021; URL: https://en.irct.ir/trial/50819 ; Date of first registration: 10 March 2021.
Topics: Humans; Female; Fluconazole; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Antifungal Agents; Capsules; Iran; Probiotics
PubMed: 36198994
DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09997-3 -
Nutrients Sep 2023Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal disease. The efficacy of different probiotics in treating IBS remains controversial. This network... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal disease. The efficacy of different probiotics in treating IBS remains controversial. This network meta-analysis aimed to compare and rank the outcome-specific efficacy of different probiotic strains or combinations in adults with IBS. We searched the literature up to June 2023. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the efficacy of probiotics in IBS were included. A frequentist framework was used to perform this study. In total, 9253 participants from 81 RCTs were included in the study. Four probiotic strains and five mixtures were significantly superior to placebo in improving IBS Symptom Severity Scale, among which DDS-1 ranked first (surface under the cumulative ranking, SUCRA, 92.9%). A mixture containing five probiotics (SUCRA, 100%) ranked first in improving the IBS-Quality of life. MTCC 5856 (SUCRA, 96.9%) and Unique IS2 (SUCRA, 92.6%) were among the most effective probiotics for improving abdominal pain. Three probiotic strains and two mixtures were effective in alleviating abdominal bloating. Four probiotic strains and a mixture were significantly superior to placebo in reducing the bowel movement frequency in diarrhea-predominant IBS (IBS-D). MTCC 5856 (SUCRA, 99.6%) and CNCM I-3856 (SUCRA, 89.7%) were among the most effective probiotics for improving the Bristol stool form scale of IBS-D. Only some probiotics are effective for particular outcomes in IBS patients. This study provided the first ranking of outcome-specific efficacy of different probiotic strains and combinations in IBS. Further studies are needed to confirm these results.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Network Meta-Analysis; Abdominal Pain; Bacillus coagulans; Probiotics; Saccharomyces cerevisiae
PubMed: 37686889
DOI: 10.3390/nu15173856 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2023Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with autoimmune pathological characteristics. Recent research has found a link between psoriasis, inflammation, and gut... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with autoimmune pathological characteristics. Recent research has found a link between psoriasis, inflammation, and gut microbiota dysbiosis, and that probiotics and prebiotics provide benefits to patients. This 12-week open-label, single-center clinical trial evaluated the efficacy of probiotics ( (HU36), (HU58), (SC208), (SL307), and (SC109)) and precision prebiotics (fructooligosaccharides, xylooligosaccharides, and galactooligosaccharides) in patients with psoriasis receiving topical therapy, with an emphasis on potential metabolic, immunological, and gut microbiota changes. In total, 63 patients were evaluated, with the first 42 enrolled patients assigned to the intervention group and the next 21 assigned to the control group (2:1 ratio; non-randomized). There were between-group differences in several patient characteristics at baseline, including age, psoriasis severity (the incidence of severe psoriasis was greater in the intervention group than in the control group), the presence of nail psoriasis, and psoriatic arthritis, though it is not clear whether or how these differences may have affected the study findings. Patients with psoriasis receiving anti-psoriatic local therapy and probiotic and prebiotic supplementation performed better in measures of disease activity, including Psoriasis Area and Severity Index, Dermatology Life Quality Index, inflammatory markers, and skin thickness compared with those not receiving supplementation. Furthermore, in the 15/42 patients in the intervention group who received gut microbiota analysis, the gut microbiota changed favorably following 12 weeks of probiotic and prebiotic supplementation, with a shift towards an anti-inflammatory profile.
Topics: Humans; Arthritis, Psoriatic; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Prebiotics; Probiotics; Psoriasis
PubMed: 37446403
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311225 -
Nutrients Jul 2023Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects a considerable percentage of females of reproductive age. PCOS is an obesity-related condition and its effects are greatly... (Review)
Review
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects a considerable percentage of females of reproductive age. PCOS is an obesity-related condition and its effects are greatly amplified by obesity. Even though the pathogenesis of PCOS remains complex and has not been fully elucidated, a link between obesity, PCOS, and dysbiosis has been described. The potential role of the gut microbiota in the development and progression of PCOS and its associated symptoms has also been reported. The aim of this narrative review is to present a non-systematic analysis of the available literature on the topic of probiotics and PCOS in adolescents with obesity in order to revise the beneficial effects of probiotics/symbiotic supplementation on hormonal and metabolic profiles and inflammatory conditions. The effectiveness of probiotics/synbiotics in PCOS has been supported. The literature suggests that probiotic/symbiotic supplementation may ameliorate hormonal profiles, inflammatory indicators, and lipid metabolism disturbances caused by PCOS. Studies also show improvements in weight, BMI, insulin, and HOMA-IR, including a potential role it plays in protecting fertility. Even though further studies are needed to confirm these findings, particularly in adolescent patients, probiotic supplementation may be considered a solution for managing PCOS in adolescents with obesity.
Topics: Female; Adolescent; Humans; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Insulin Resistance; Pediatric Obesity; Insulin; Probiotics
PubMed: 37513562
DOI: 10.3390/nu15143144 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023The microbiota gut brain (MGB) axis has been shown to play a significant role in the regulation of inflammatory and infective diseases. Exploring the structure and... (Review)
Review
The microbiota gut brain (MGB) axis has been shown to play a significant role in the regulation of inflammatory and infective diseases. Exploring the structure and communication mode of MGB axis is crucial for understanding its role in diseases, and studying the signaling pathways and regulatory methods of MGB axis regulation in diseases is also of profound significance for future clinical research. This article reviews the composition, communication mechanism of MGB axis and its role in inflammatory and infective diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), multiple sclerosis (MS), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), depression, psoriasis, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). In addition, our investigation delved into the regulatory functions of the inflammasome, IFN-I, NF-κB, and PARK7/DJ-1 innate immune signaling pathway in the context of inflammatory and infective diseases. Ultimately, we discussed the efficacy of various interventions, including fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics, in the management of inflammatory and infective diseases. Understanding the role and mechanism of the MGB axis might make positive effects in the treatment of inflammatory and infective diseases.
Topics: Humans; Brain-Gut Axis; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Probiotics; Immunity, Innate; Communicable Diseases; Brain
PubMed: 37868345
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1282431 -
Pharmacological Reports : PR Aug 2023Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are the most commonly prescribed drugs for the treatment of non-erosive reflux disease (NERD), ulcers associated with non-steroidal... (Review)
Review
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are the most commonly prescribed drugs for the treatment of non-erosive reflux disease (NERD), ulcers associated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), esophagitis, peptic ulcer disease (PUD), Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), non-ulcer dyspepsia, and Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy. The drugs have the effect of inhibiting acid production in the stomach. According to research, PPIs can affect the composition of gut microbiota and modulate the immune response. Recently, there has been a problem with the over-prescription of such drugs. Although PPIs do not have many side effects, their long-term use can contribute to small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) or C. difficile and other intestinal infections. Probiotic supplementation during PPIs therapy may provide some hope in the reduction of emerging therapy side effects. This review aims to present the most important effects of long-term PPI use and provides critical insights into the role of probiotic intervention in PPI therapy.
Topics: Humans; Proton Pump Inhibitors; Clostridioides difficile; Dysbiosis; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Probiotics; Immunity; Immunomodulation
PubMed: 37142877
DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00489-x