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Scientific Reports Sep 2023Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) is one of the most prevalent bacteria that forms the human skin microbiota. Specific phylotypes of C. acnes have been associated with the...
Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) is one of the most prevalent bacteria that forms the human skin microbiota. Specific phylotypes of C. acnes have been associated with the development of acne vulgaris, while other phylotypes have been linked to healthy skin. In this scenario, bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a role in the interkingdom communication role with the human host. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of EVs generated by various phylotypes of C. acnes on inflammation and sebum production using different in vitro skin cell types. The main findings of this study reveal that the proteomic profile of the cargo embodied in the EVs reflects distinct characteristics of the different C. acnes phylotypes in terms of life cycle, survival, and virulence. The in vitro skin cell types showed an extended pro-inflammatory modulation of SLST A1 EVs consistently triggering the activation of the inflammation-related factors IL-8, IL-6, TNFα and GM-CSF, in comparison to SLST H1 and SLST H2. Additionally, an acne-prone skin model utilizing PCi-SEB and arachidonic acid as a sebum inducer, was employed to investigate the impact of C. acnes EVs on sebum regulation. Our findings indicated that all three types of EVs significantly inhibited sebum production after a 24-h treatment period, with SLST H1 EVs exhibiting the most pronounced inhibitory effect when compared to the positive control. The results of this study highlight the protective nature of C. acnes SLST H1 EVs and their potential use as a natural treatment option for alleviating symptoms associated with inflammation and oily skin.
Topics: Humans; Proteomics; Skin; Skin Diseases; Extracellular Vesicles; Acne Vulgaris; Propionibacterium acnes; Factor VIII; Inflammation
PubMed: 37749255
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43354-w -
Indian Journal of Endocrinology and... 2023Non-genetic factors like microbial dysbiosis may be contributing to the increasing incidence/progression of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).
BACKGROUND
Non-genetic factors like microbial dysbiosis may be contributing to the increasing incidence/progression of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).
OBJECTIVES
To analyse the gut microbiota profile in Indian children with T1DM and its effect on glycaemic control.
METHODOLOGY
Faecal samples of 29 children with T1DM were collected and faecal microbial DNA was extracted and subjected to 16S rRNA (ribosomal RNA) sequencing and further analysis.
RESULTS
The dominant phyla in children with T1DM were Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Butyrate-producing bacteria and showed a significant negative correlation with the glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1C) levels ( < 0.05). and were important negative predictors of glycaemic control ( < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Our study suggests that Indian children with T1DM have a distinct gut microbiome taxonomic composition and that short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria like and (butyrate-producing) may play an important role in the glycaemic control of subjects with T1DM.
PubMed: 38107732
DOI: 10.4103/ijem.ijem_22_22 -
Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome Jan 2024Abnormalities in glucose and lipid metabolism contribute to the progression and exacerbation of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Fish oil and probiotics are dietary... (Review)
Review
Comparison of the efficacy of fish oil and probiotic supplementation on glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND
Abnormalities in glucose and lipid metabolism contribute to the progression and exacerbation of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Fish oil and probiotics are dietary supplements that have the potential to improve glucose and lipid metabolism. However, their efficacy remains unclear in T2DM patients.
METHODS
PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were retrieved to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the efficacy of fish oil or probiotic supplementation in T2DM patients from the database inception to December 13, 2023. Primary outcome indicators encompassed glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and blood lipid profile (triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC). Secondary outcome indicators included inflammatory markers such as tumor necrosis factor -α (TNF-α) and adipocytokine (including leptin and adiponectin). The R software was used for statistical analysis, and GraphPad Prism was used for figure rendering.
RESULTS
A total of 60 RCTs involving 3845 T2DM patients were included in the analysis. The results showed that the probiotics (Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Propionibacterium, etc.) were more effective in reducing HOMA-IR than fish oil (Surca = 0.935). Bifidobacterium demonstrated the highest efficacy in reducing HbA1c levels (Surca = 0.963). Regarding lipid metabolism, fish oil was superior to probiotics in lowering TG and TC levels (Surca values of 0.978 and 0.902, respectively). Furthermore, fish oil outperformed probiotics in reducing TNF-α (Surca = 0.839) and leptin (Surca = 0.712), and increasing adiponectin levels (Surca = 0.742). Node-splitting analysis showed good consistency (P > 0.05 for direct, indirect, and network comparison across various interventions).
CONCLUSIONS
In T2DM patients, fish oil was more effective than probiotics in regulating lipid metabolism. Probiotics outperformed fish oil in regulating glucose metabolism particularly; specifically, Bifidobacterium showed higher efficacy in reducing blood glucose.
PubMed: 38254166
DOI: 10.1186/s13098-024-01266-3 -
Unveiling the dynamics of the breast milk microbiome: impact of lactation stage and gestational age.Journal of Translational Medicine Nov 2023Breast milk (BM) provides complete nutrition for infants for the first six months of life and is essential for the development of the newborn's immature immune and...
BACKGROUND
Breast milk (BM) provides complete nutrition for infants for the first six months of life and is essential for the development of the newborn's immature immune and digestive systems. While BM was conventionally believed to be sterile, recent advanced high throughput technologies have unveiled the presence of diverse microbial communities in BM. These insights into the BM microbiota have mainly originated from uncomplicated pregnancies, possibly not reflecting the circumstances of mothers with pregnancy complications like preterm birth (PTB).
METHODS
In this article, we investigated the BM microbial communities in mothers with preterm deliveries (before 37 weeks of gestation). We compared these samples with BM samples from healthy term pregnancies across different lactation stages (colostrum, transitional and mature milk) using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.
RESULTS
Our analysis revealed that the microbial communities became increasingly diverse and compositionally distinct as the BM matured. Specifically, mature BM samples were significantly enriched in Veillonella and lactobacillus (Kruskal Wallis; p < 0.001) compared to colostrum. The comparison of term and preterm BM samples showed that the community structure was significantly different between the two groups (Bray Curtis and unweighted unifrac dissimilarity; p < 0.001). Preterm BM samples exhibited increased species richness with significantly higher abundance of Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Propionibacterium acnes, unclassified Corynebacterium species. Whereas term samples were enriched in Staphylococcus epidermidis, unclassified OD1, and unclassified Veillonella among others.
CONCLUSION
Our study underscores the significant influence of pregnancy-related complications, such as preterm birth (before 37 weeks of gestation), on the composition and diversity of BM microbiota. Given the established significance of the maternal microbiome in shaping child health outcomes, this investigation paves the way for identifying modifiable factors that could optimize the composition of BM microbiota, thereby promoting maternal and infant health.
Topics: Infant; Pregnancy; Female; Child; Infant, Newborn; Humans; Milk, Human; Gestational Age; Premature Birth; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Lactation; Microbiota
PubMed: 37932773
DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04656-9 -
Journal of Translational Medicine Apr 2024The aim of this study was to assess the microbial variations and biomarkers in the vaginal and oral environments of patients with human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical...
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to assess the microbial variations and biomarkers in the vaginal and oral environments of patients with human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer (CC) and to develop novel prediction models.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This study included 164 samples collected from both the vaginal tract and oral subgingival plaque of 82 women. The participants were divided into four distinct groups based on their vaginal and oral samples: the control group (Z/KZ, n = 22), abortion group (AB/KAB, n = 17), HPV-infected group (HP/KHP, n = 21), and cervical cancer group (CC/KCC, n = 22). Microbiota analysis was conducted using full-length 16S rDNA gene sequencing with the PacBio platform.
RESULTS
The vaginal bacterial community in the Z and AB groups exhibited a relatively simple structure predominantly dominated by Lactobacillus. However, CC group shows high abundances of anaerobic bacteria and alpha diversity. Biomarkers such as Bacteroides, Mycoplasma, Bacillus, Dialister, Porphyromonas, Anaerococcus, and Prevotella were identified as indicators of CC. Correlations were established between elevated blood C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and local/systemic inflammation, pregnancy, childbirth, and abortion, which contribute to unevenness in the vaginal microenvironment. The altered microbial diversity in the CC group was confirmed by amino acid metabolism. Oral microbial diversity exhibited an inverse pattern to that of the vaginal microbiome, indicating a unique relationship. The microbial diversity of the KCC group was significantly lower than that of the KZ group, indicating a link between oral health and cancer development. Several microbes, including Fusobacterium, Campylobacter, Capnocytophaga, Veillonella, Streptococcus, Lachnoanaerobaculum, Propionibacterium, Prevotella, Lactobacillus, and Neisseria, were identified as CC biomarkers. Moreover, periodontal pathogens were associated with blood CRP levels and oral hygiene conditions. Elevated oral microbial amino acid metabolism in the CC group was closely linked to the presence of pathogens. Positive correlations indicated a synergistic relationship between vaginal and oral bacteria.
CONCLUSION
HPV infection and CC impact both the vaginal and oral microenvironments, affecting systemic metabolism and the synergy between bacteria. This suggests that the use of oral flora markers is a potential screening tool for the diagnosis of CC.
Topics: Humans; Female; Microbiota; Vagina; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Papillomavirus Infections; Mouth; Adult; Middle Aged; Papillomaviridae; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Human Papillomavirus Viruses
PubMed: 38685022
DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05124-8 -
Cancers Apr 2024Some researchers have speculated that the prostatic microbiome is involved in the development of prostate cancer (PCa) but there is no consensus on certain microbiota in... (Review)
Review
Some researchers have speculated that the prostatic microbiome is involved in the development of prostate cancer (PCa) but there is no consensus on certain microbiota in the prostatic tissue of PCa vs. healthy controls. This systematic review aims to investigate and compare the microbiome of PCa and healthy tissue to determine the microbial association with the pathogenesis of PCa. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus databases. Articles were screened by two independent and blinded reviewers. Literature that compared the prostatic tissue microbiome of patients with PCa with benign controls was included. We found that PCa may be associated with increased , the herpesviridae and families, and , but definitive conclusions cannot be drawn from the existing data. Challenges include the difficulty of obtaining uncontaminated tissue samples and securing tissue from healthy controls. As a result, methods are varied with many studies using cancerous and "healthy" tissue from the same prostate. The organisms chosen for each study were also highly variable, making it difficult to compare studies. These issues have led to lower confidence in our results. Overall, further work is warranted to better understand the implications of the prostatic microbiome in the pathogenesis of PCa.
PubMed: 38672631
DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081549 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023Cryptosporidiosis is a leading cause of diarrheal-associated morbidity and mortality, predominantly affecting children under 5 years old in low-and-middle-income...
INTRODUCTION
Cryptosporidiosis is a leading cause of diarrheal-associated morbidity and mortality, predominantly affecting children under 5 years old in low-and-middle-income countries. There is no effective treatment and no vaccine. New therapeutics are emerging from drug discovery efforts. It is critical that mode of action studies are performed alongside drug discovery to ensure the best clinical outcomes. Unfortunately, technology to identify and validate drug targets for is severely lacking.
METHODS
We used lysyl-tRNA synthetase (KRS) and DDD01510706 as a target-compound pair to develop both chemical and genetic tools for mode of action studies for . We adapted thermal proteome profiling (TPP) for , an unbiased approach for target identification.
RESULTS
Using TPP we identified the molecular target of DDD01510706 and confirm that it is KRS. Genetic tools confirm that KRS is expressed throughout the life cycle and that this target is essential for parasite survival. Parasites genetically modified to over-express KRS or parasites with a mutation at the compound-binding site are resistant to treatment with DDD01510706. We leveraged these mutations to generate a second drug selection marker for genetic modification of , KRS. This second selection marker is interchangeable with the original selection marker, Neo, and expands the range of reverse genetic approaches available to study parasite biology. Due to the sexual nature of the life cycle, parental strains containing different drug selection markers can be crossed .
DISCUSSION
Selection with both drug markers produces highly efficient genetic crosses (>99% hybrid progeny), paving the way for forward genetics approaches in .
Topics: Child; Humans; Child, Preschool; Cryptosporidium; Cryptosporidiosis; Lysine-tRNA Ligase; Binding Sites; Diarrhea; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 37600947
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1236814 -
Experimental Dermatology Jul 2023There are no drugs as effective as isotretinoin for acne. Deciphering the changes in the microbiome induced by isotretinoin in the pilosebaceous follicle of successfully...
There are no drugs as effective as isotretinoin for acne. Deciphering the changes in the microbiome induced by isotretinoin in the pilosebaceous follicle of successfully treated patients can pave the way to identify novel therapeutic alternatives. We determined how the follicular microbiome changes with isotretinoin and identified which alterations correlate with a successful treatment response. Whole genome sequencing was done on casts from facial follicles of acne patients sampled before, during and after isotretinoin treatment. Alterations in the microbiome were assessed and correlated with treatment response at 20 weeks as defined as a 2-grade improvement in global assessment score. We investigated the α-diversity, β-diversity, relative abundance of individual taxa, Cutibacterium acnes strain composition and bacterial metabolic profiles with a computational approach. We found that increased β-diversity of the microbiome coincides with a successful treatment response to isotretinoin at 20 weeks. Isotretinoin selectively altered C. acnes strain diversity in SLST A and D clusters, with increased diversity in D1 strains correlating with a successful clinical response. Isotretinoin significantly decreased the prevalence of KEGG Ontology (KO) terms associated with four distinct metabolic pathways inferring that follicular microbes may have limited capacity for growth or survival following treatment. Importantly, these alterations in microbial composition or metabolic profiles were not observed in patients that failed to achieve a successful response at 20 weeks. Alternative approaches to recapitulate this shift in the balance of C. acnes strains and microbiome metabolic function within the follicle may be beneficial in the future treatment of acne.
Topics: Humans; Isotretinoin; Acne Vulgaris; Propionibacterium acnes; Microbiota; Bacteria
PubMed: 36999947
DOI: 10.1111/exd.14798 -
Scientific Reports Sep 2023This study aimed at investigating the influence of different variants of bacterial starter cultures on the metabolism of the bacteria used, cheese protein digestibility,...
This study aimed at investigating the influence of different variants of bacterial starter cultures on the metabolism of the bacteria used, cheese protein digestibility, and fatty acid profile. The results revealed that lactic acid bacteria had a significant effect on the proportions of fatty acids in cheeses, with saturated fatty acids being predominant in in all cheese variants. Fatty acid proportions are complex and depend on the type of cheese culture and monoculture used. Additionally, the analysis of fatty acid composition showed variations in the proportion of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, impacting the values of atherogenic and thrombogenic indices. Notably, the atherogenic index was highest in samples of mature cheeses obtained from a typical mesophilic cheese culture, whereas it was lowest in samples of fresh milk and mature cheeses obtained from a mesophilic cheese culture and monocultures of Lacticaseibacillus casei and Propionibacterium. The study also highlighted the influence of lactobacilli on the content of available free lysine, glycine, and methionine in cheese proteins. Mature cheeses obtained with Propionibacterium and L. casei starter cultures exhibited higher free lysine and glycine content compared with fresh cheeses and those obtained solely with the cheese culture. Additionally, mature cheeses obtained with starter cultures of mesophilic cheese culture, Propionibacterium, and L. casei had the highest free methionine content. Based on these findings, it is evident that the choice of cheese making cultures and monocultures can significantly affect the fatty acid composition and amino acid content of cheese and fresh milk, potentially bearing important health implications.
Topics: Lactobacillales; Fatty Acids; Cheese; Lysine; Propionibacterium; Methionine; Fabaceae; Glycine; Racemethionine
PubMed: 37717086
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42633-w -
Cureus Jan 2024A suitable portion of the total population still suffers through acne vulgaris, a widespread dermatological illness that mostly affects teens and young adults. Although... (Review)
Review
A suitable portion of the total population still suffers through acne vulgaris, a widespread dermatological illness that mostly affects teens and young adults. Although acne is typically considered to be a cosmetic problem, recent research has concluded that certainly it has a significant role on impacting many physiological aspects of human health. This thorough investigation attempts to examine the intricate effects of acne on human physiology, taking into consideration both systemic and local effects. The study synthesizes research from a number of scientific disciplines, including dermatology, endocrinology, immunology, and psychoneuroimmunology. It investigates the complex interrelationships between several factors, such as sebum production, follicular hyperkeratinization, hormone imbalance, and colonisation, that lead to the development of acne. The study also sheds information on the intricate physiological mechanisms, oxidative stress, and immune response that contribute to the aetiology of acne. Along with it, the review investigates the relationship between endocrine problems and acne, emphasizing hormonal anomalies and their possible role in acne severity. The psychological effects of acne are also discussed, including the psychological problems, concerns with self-esteem, and decreased quality of life that acne sufferers encounter. On comprehensively examining the diverse physiological aspects affected by acne, this review provides a foundation for future research endeavours and informs the development of targeted therapeutic interventions. Ultimately, the integration of multidisciplinary approaches will enable healthcare professionals to address the physiological complexities of acne and improve the overall well-being of individuals affected by this common skin condition.
PubMed: 38384651
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52727