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Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark... Aug 2023causes upregulation of inflammatory factors, such as cycloxygenase-2, prostaglandin E2, interleukin-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, increased levels of reactive...
BACKGROUND
causes upregulation of inflammatory factors, such as cycloxygenase-2, prostaglandin E2, interleukin-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inward flow of calcium ions. This causes increased levels of the antimicrobial peptide LL-37 and inflammation of the skin, leading to redness, swelling, itching and other symptoms. fruit oil (SCO) is rich in lignan active ingredients with various antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
METHODS
In this study, SCO is obtained by supercritical CO2 fluid extraction. SCO's anti-inflammatory actions were investigated using -induced inflammation HaCaT cells model. A method based on reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography with a diode array detector was developed and validated for the simultaneous detection of five lignan components. Levels of inflammatory factors and LL-37 were measured by ELISA kit and western blot respectively. Ca2+ and ROS levels detected by flow cytometry.
RESULTS
The experimental results show that the contents of schisanol A, schisanol B, schisanin A, schisanin B, and schisanin C were 33.89 ± 0.24, 14.89 ± 0.45, 8.92 ± 0.02, 29.14 ± 0.67, and 4.74 ± 0.09 mg/g, respectively. Studies have demonstrated that SCO can alleviate skin inflammation by inhibiting the COX-2/PGE2 and NF-κB signalling pathway. In addition, SCO can inhibit ROS production, significantly block inward Ca2+ flow, alleviate cell damage, and modulate the content of the antimicrobial peptide LL-37.
CONCLUSIONS
In summary, our study elucidated the anti-inflammatory activity of SCO in a cell model and provided a scientific basis for its application as a raw material in skin care.
Topics: Humans; Propionibacterium acnes; Schisandra; Calcium; Cathelicidins; Fruit; HaCaT Cells; Reactive Oxygen Species; Inflammation; Antimicrobial Peptides; Dinoprostone
PubMed: 37664918
DOI: 10.31083/j.fbl2808177 -
The Journal of Biological Chemistry Aug 2023Regulated protein degradation in eukaryotes is performed by the 26S proteasome, which contains a 19-subunit regulatory particle (RP) that binds, processes, and...
Regulated protein degradation in eukaryotes is performed by the 26S proteasome, which contains a 19-subunit regulatory particle (RP) that binds, processes, and translocates substrates to a 28-subunit hollow core particle (CP) where proteolysis occurs. In addition to its intrinsic subunits, myriad proteins interact with the proteasome transiently, including factors that assist and/or regulate its degradative activities. Efforts to identify proteasome-interacting components and/or to solve its structure have relied on over-expression of a tagged plasmid, establishing stable cell lines, or laborious purification protocols to isolate native proteasomes from cells. Here, we describe an engineered human cell line, derived from colon cancer HCT116 cells, with a biotin handle on the RP subunit hRpn1/PSMD2 (proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 2) for purification of 26S proteasomes. A 75-residue sequence from Propionibacterium shermanii that is biotinylated in mammalian cells was added following a tobacco etch virus protease cut site at the C terminus of hRpn1. We tested and found that 26S proteasomes can be isolated from this modified HCT116 cell line by using a simple purification protocol. More specifically, biotinylated proteasomes were purified from the cell lysates by using neutravidin agarose resin and released from the resin following incubation with tobacco etch virus protease. The purified proteasomes had equivalent activity in degrading a model ubiquitinated substrate, namely ubiquitinated p53, compared to commercially available bovine proteasomes that were purified by fractionation. In conclusion, advantages of this approach to obtain 26S proteasomes over others is the simple purification protocol and that all cellular proteins, including the tagged hRpn1 subunit, remain at endogenous stoichiometry.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Humans; Cell Line; Cytoplasm; Mammals; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; Proteolysis; Ubiquitin; Cytological Techniques
PubMed: 37354974
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104948 -
Heliyon Feb 2024The synthesis of bio-compounds via fermentation is a promising route for bioactive molecules intended for disease control and management. Therefore, this study...
The synthesis of bio-compounds via fermentation is a promising route for bioactive molecules intended for disease control and management. Therefore, this study evaluated the effect of fermentation on the antioxidants, antihyperglycemic and anti-inflammatory properties and the resultant chemometric phytochemical profiles of unripe plantain fruits. The results revealed that and spp. are suspected as the key fermenters. The showed negative results to the pathogenicity test appeared to be opportunistic. A significant increase in the total polyphenols and protein and decreased flavonoids was recorded in the phytochemical profile of the methanolic extract of the fermented unripe plantain pulp; however, the ascorbic acid content was not significantly altered. The H NMR fingerprint showed that there is a closely related chemical shift among the shorter fermentation time (days 2-6) and the unfermented, while the more extended fermentation periods (days 7-12) with enhanced bioactivities were closely related based on the chemometrics analyses. Furthermore, the UPLC-QTOF-MS analysis annotated the presence of bioactive compounds in the day-9 fermented sample: polyhydroxy glucose conjugates (3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl 6--(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside), short chain peptide (leucyl-glycyl-glycine), amino acid derivatives (4-Aminophenylalanine, and N-Acetylhistidine), linear and cyclic fatty acid derivatives (palmitoyl putrescine, ricinoleic acid, phytosphingosine, gabalid, rubrenoic acid, 2-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic and cystodienioc acid). The synergistic effect of these newly formed compounds and the increase in the phenolic content of the day-9 fermented unripe plantain may account for its more potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antihyperglycemic activity. Therefore, the products obtained from the day 9 fermentation of unripe plantain pulp may serve as potential nutraceutical agents against gastro-enteric sugar digestion and absorption and sugar-induced oxidative stress, inflammation and metabolic disease.
PubMed: 38317983
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24659 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2023Maxim is an annual herb with many potential purposes in agricultural, industrial, and pharmaceutical fields. At present, the extract of the whole plant from has been...
Maxim is an annual herb with many potential purposes in agricultural, industrial, and pharmaceutical fields. At present, the extract of the whole plant from has been proven to demonstrate antifungal, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. Previous studies focused on the enzyme pretreatment in hydrodistillation from . However, organic solvent or supercritical fluid carbon dioxide extraction (SFE-CO) methods, which are commonly utilized in industry, have seldom been studied and cannot provide multiple evaluations of yield. In this work, we analysed compounds from by HPLC-DAD, discussed -hexane extraction, and conducted further investigations on SFE-CO through the design of response surface methodology (RSM). The sample obtained from pilot-scale SFE-CO was also tested against nine kinds of microorganisms. Single-factor results revealed that the extraction rates from by steam distillation, -hexane extraction, and SFE-CO were 1%, 2.09%, and 3.26%, respectively. RSM results showed a significant improvement in extraction rate through optimising pressure and time, and the interaction of both factors was more important than that of temperature-pressure and temperature-time. A pilot-scale test with an extraction rate of 3.34% indicated that the predicted RSM condition was operable. In addition, samples from the pilot-scale SFE-CO showed antibacterial effects against three previously unreported bacteria (, methicillin-resistant , and ). These results fill the gap in previous research and provide more information for the application and development of in the future.
Topics: Oils, Volatile; Carbon Dioxide; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Lamiaceae; Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid
PubMed: 38067455
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237724 -
Scientific Reports Nov 2023Recent studies have shown that the health benefits of probiotics are not limited to those offered by living bacteria. It was reported that both live and killed cells of...
Recent studies have shown that the health benefits of probiotics are not limited to those offered by living bacteria. It was reported that both live and killed cells of Propionibacterium freudenreichii MJ2 (MJ2) isolated from raw milk showed antiobesity activity in 3T3-L1 cells and high-fat diet-induced obese mice. This study was aimed at identifying the active component(s) responsible for the antiadipogenic activity of MJ2. Cell wall, surface protein, and cytoplasmic fractions of MJ2 were investigated for their inhibitory effects on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. Adipocytes treated with the surface protein fraction showed significantly lower lipid accumulation. Using the MASCOT algorithm following LC-MS/MS analysis, 131 surface proteins were identified and they were principally classified into three categories (network clusters related to ribosomes, carbon metabolism, and chaperones). Among them, chaperonin 60 (Cpn60) was selected as a potential candidate protein. Cpn60 inhibited lipid accumulation and adipogenesis during the early period of differentiation (days 0-2) and decreased expression of genes related to adipogenesis (Pparg and Cebpa) and lipogenesis (Fas and Scd1). The expression of Gata2/3, which suppresses adipogenesis, significantly increased in Cpn60-treated cells. Moreover, the nuclear translocation of C/EBPβ was inhibited by Cpn60 treatment. In conclusion, Cpn60, a surface protein in MJ2, shows antiadipogenic activity by reducing the expression of C/EBPβ through the upregulation of Gata2/3 expression followed by downregulation of Pparg and Cebpa expression.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Adipogenesis; PPAR gamma; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alpha; Chaperonin 60; Propionibacterium freudenreichii; Obesity; Chromatography, Liquid; Plant Extracts; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Cell Differentiation; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-beta; Triglycerides; Membrane Proteins; 3T3-L1 Cells
PubMed: 37935755
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46436-x -
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy Feb 2024The treatment of acne vulgaris is often challenging due to the antibiotic resistance frequently observed in Cutibacterium acnes (C.acnes), a prevalent bacterium linked...
BACKGROUND
The treatment of acne vulgaris is often challenging due to the antibiotic resistance frequently observed in Cutibacterium acnes (C.acnes), a prevalent bacterium linked to this condition.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this research was to examine the impact of curcumin photodynamic therapy (PDT) on the survival of C.acnes and activity of biofilms produced by this microorganism.
METHODS
Following the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines, we assessed the drug sensitivity of 25 clinical C.acnes strains to five antibiotics (erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline) and curcumin by implementing the broth microdilution technique. In addition, we established C.acnes biofilms in a laboratory setting and subjected them to curcumin-PDT(curcumin combined with blue light of 180 J/cm). Afterwards, we evaluated their viability using the XTT assay and observed them using confocal laser scanning microscopy.
RESULTS
The result revealed varying resistance rates among the tested antibiotics and curcumin, with erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, and curcumin exhibiting resistance rates of 72 %, 44 %, 36 %, 28 %, 0 %, and 100 %, respectively. In the curcumin-PDT inhibition tests against four representative antibiotic-resistant strains, it was found that the survival rate of all strains of planktonic C. acnes was reduced, and the higher the concentration of curcumin, the lower the survival rate. Furthermore, in the biofilm inhibition tests, the vitality and three-dimensional structure of the biofilms were disrupted, and the inhibitory effect became more significant with higher concentrations of curcumin.
CONCLUSION
The results emphasize the possibility of using curcumin PDT as an alternative approach for the treatment of C.acnes, especially in instances of antibiotic-resistant variations and infections related to biofilms.
Topics: Humans; Clindamycin; Doxycycline; Curcumin; Minocycline; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Photosensitizing Agents; Photochemotherapy; Acne Vulgaris; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Erythromycin; Tetracycline; Biofilms; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 38070633
DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103928 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023The gut microbiota, a complex ecosystem integral to host wellbeing, is modulated by environmental triggers, including exposure to heavy metals such as chromium. This...
The gut microbiota, a complex ecosystem integral to host wellbeing, is modulated by environmental triggers, including exposure to heavy metals such as chromium. This study aims to comprehensively explore chromium-induced gut microbiota and metabolomic shifts in the quintessential lepidopteran model organism, the silkworm (). The research deployed 16S rDNA sequence analysis and LC/MS metabolomics in its experimental design, encompassing a control group alongside low (12 g/kg) and high (24 g/kg) feeding chromium dosing regimens. Considerable heterogeneity in microbial diversity resulted between groups. emerged as potentially resilient to chromium stress, while elevated Propionibacterium was noted in the high chromium treatment group. Differential analysis tools LEfSe and random forest estimation identified key species like like and , offering potential avenues for bioremediation. An examination of gut functionality revealed alterations in the KEGG pathways correlated with biosynthesis and degradation, suggesting an adaptive metabolic response to chromium-mediated stress. Further results indicated consequential fallout in the context of metabolomic alterations. These included an uptick in histidine and dihydropyrimidine levels under moderate-dose exposure and a surge of gentisic acid with high-dose chromium exposure. These are critical players in diverse biological processes ranging from energy metabolism and stress response to immune regulation and antioxidative mechanisms. Correlative analyses between bacterial abundance and metabolites mapped noteworthy relationships between marker bacterial species, such as and , and specific metabolites, emphasizing their roles in enzyme regulation, synaptic processes, and lipid metabolism. Probiotic bacteria showed robust correlations with metabolites implicated in stress response, lipid metabolism, and antioxidant processes. Our study reaffirms the intricate ties between gut microbiota and metabolite profiles and decodes some systemic adaptations under heavy-metal stress. It provides valuable insights into ecological and toxicological aspects of chromium exposure that can potentially influence silkworm resilience.
PubMed: 37954243
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1278271 -
Frontiers in Medicine 2023Acne vulgaris is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease originating in the sebaceous gland units of the skin follicles. Isotretinoin is presently the primary choice...
INTRODUCTION
Acne vulgaris is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease originating in the sebaceous gland units of the skin follicles. Isotretinoin is presently the primary choice for the treatment of acne vulgaris. However, it could induce several adverse reactions like diarrhea, cheilitis, headache, elevated triglyceride levels and risk of inflammatory bowel disease and depression. Hence, it is imperative to seek an alternative therapy.
METHODS
One hundred five patients were randomly divided into 3 groups, and received a baseline treatment of oral doxycycline for the initial 4 weeks. Group I received isotretinoin oral for 12 weeks; Group P received oral MH-301 treatment for 12 weeks; Group IP received combined treatment with oral probiotics and oral isotretinoin for 12 weeks. The number of skin lesions was recorded at 0, 4, 8, and 12 weeks during the treatment to compare the efficacy of each intervention, and skin and fecal samples were collected from patients at 12 weeks for high-throughput sequencing to explore the microbiota differences between various groups.
RESULTS
Our results revealed that the combination of MH-301 with isotretinoin significantly reduced the number of skin lesions in patients compared to using MH-301 and isotretinoin alone ( < 0.001). Additionally, skin microbiome High-throughput analysis indicated the restorative effects of MH-301 on skin microbial diversity while also observing a reduction in the main microbiota of skin lesions, and . Meanwhile, gut microbiome High-throughput analysis showed that it could regulate disorders of the intestinal microbiota and increased the abundance of probiotics such as , , and genera.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, MH-301 could be used in combination with isotretinoin for optimal results in the treatment of acne vulgaris. The research conducted provides theoretical and data support for the adjuvant effect of in the treatment of acne vulgaris.
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
[ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier (ChiCTR2200063499).
PubMed: 38264057
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1340068 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2023Dry rose extract (DRE) obtained industrially by aqueous ethanol extraction from flowers and its phenolic-enriched fraction, obtained by re-extraction with ethyl acetate...
Dry rose extract (DRE) obtained industrially by aqueous ethanol extraction from flowers and its phenolic-enriched fraction, obtained by re-extraction with ethyl acetate (EAE) were the subject of this study. H NMR of DRE allowed the identification and quantitation of fructose and glucose, while the combined use of HPLC-DAD-ESIMS and HPLC-HRMS showed the presence of 14 kaempferol glycosides, 12 quercetin glycosides, 4 phenolic acids and their esters, 4 galloyl glycosides, 7 ellagitannins, and quinic acid. In addition, the structures of 13 of the flavonoid glycosides were further confirmed by NMR. EAE was found to be richer in TPC and TFC and showed better antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP) compared to DRE. Both extracts displayed significant activity against , , and , but showed no activity against Toxicity tests on normal human skin fibroblasts revealed low toxicity for both extracts with stronger effects observed at 24 hours of treatment that were compensated for over the following two days. Human hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) cells exhibited an opposite response after treatment with a concentration above 350 µg/mL for EAE and 500 µg/mL for DRE, showing increased toxicity after the third day of treatment. Lower concentrations were non-toxic and did not significantly affect the cell cycle parameters of either of the cell lines.
Topics: Humans; Antioxidants; Rosa; Plant Extracts; Flavonoids; Glycosides; Phytochemicals; Anti-Infective Agents
PubMed: 38005389
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227666 -
Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the... 2024Signal-transducing adaptor protein-2 (STAP-2) is a unique scaffold protein that regulates several immunological signaling pathways, including LIF/LIF receptor and...
Signal-transducing adaptor protein-2 (STAP-2) is a unique scaffold protein that regulates several immunological signaling pathways, including LIF/LIF receptor and LPS/TLR4 signals. STAP-2 is required for Fas/FasL-dependent T cell apoptosis and SDF-1α-induced T cell migration. Conversely, STAP-2 modulates integrin-mediated T cell adhesion, suggesting that STAP-2 is essential for several negative and positive T cell functions. However, whether STAP-2 is involved in T cell-antigen receptor (TCR)-mediated T cell activation is unknown. STAP-2 deficiency was recently reported to suppress TCR-mediated T cell activation by inhibiting LCK-mediated CD3ζ and ZAP-70 activation. Using STAP-2 deficient mice, it was demonstrated that STAP-2 is required for the pathogenesis of Propionibacterium acnes-induced granuloma formation and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Here, detailed functions of STAP-2 in TCR-mediated T cell activation, and how STAP-2 affects the pathogenesis of T cell-mediated inflammation and immune diseases, are reviewed.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Mice; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; Apoptosis; CD3 Complex; Cell Adhesion; Cell Movement; Chemokine CXCL12; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental; Inflammation; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck); Propionibacterium acnes; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; Signal Transduction; T-Lymphocytes; ZAP-70 Protein-Tyrosine Kinase
PubMed: 38692923
DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.23-00154-4