-
Cureus Nov 2023Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a crucial complication of reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA). Continuous local antibiotic perfusion (CLAP) with a high-concentration...
Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a crucial complication of reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA). Continuous local antibiotic perfusion (CLAP) with a high-concentration antimicrobial pharmacy administration method has recently received attention owing to its effectiveness in the treatment of bone and soft tissue infections. We herein report a case of PJI following RSA that was successfully treated with CLAP without removal of the entire implant. A 73-year-old woman with comorbidities of diabetes mellitus and hypertension underwent RSA. The wound was found to be swollen eight weeks after RSA, and purulent content that was positive for was identified. Blood samples indicated a mildly elevated inflammatory response. With a diagnosis of PJI spread from the intra-articular to subcutaneous regions without implant loosening, the patient underwent surgical treatment nine weeks after RSA. The contaminated tissues were thoroughly debrided, and the prosthetic joint was preserved by replacing the glenosphere and polyethylene liner. Intra-soft tissue antibiotic perfusion (iSAP) tubes and effluent drains were placed intra-articularly and subcutaneously, and gentamicin was infused continuously for 12 days. In addition, ceftriaxone and rifampicin were administered. The patient was subsequently treated with minocycline and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim or clindamycin for eight weeks. The inflammatory reaction became negative six weeks postoperatively, and the patient had no recurrence at 15 months postoperatively. Treatment of PJI is considered a long-lasting, challenging process. This case report supports the feasibility of using CLAP in the treatment of PJI.
PubMed: 38130511
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49193 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023is a protozoan parasite and one of the leading causes of gastroenteritis in the world, primarily affecting very young children and immunocompromised patients. While...
is a protozoan parasite and one of the leading causes of gastroenteritis in the world, primarily affecting very young children and immunocompromised patients. While infection is usually self-limiting, it can become chronic and even lethal in these vulnerable populations, in whom treatments are generally ineffective, due to their acting in concert with a functioning immune system. Here, we describe a case of chronic cryptosporidiosis in a European child with severe CD40L immunodeficiency infected with of the IIa20G1 subgenotype, a lineage which has thus far only ever been described in the Middle East. After years of on-off treatment with conventional and non-conventional anti-parasitic drugs failed to clear parasitosis, we performed targeted metagenomics to observe the bacterial composition of the patient's gut microbiota (GM), and to evaluate fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) as a potential treatment option. We found that infection led to significant shifts in GM bacterial composition in our patient, with consequent shifts in predicted intestinal functional signatures consistent with a state of persistent inflammation. This, combined with the patient's poor prognosis and increasing parasitic burden despite many rounds of anti-parasitic drug treatments, made the patient a potential candidate for an experimental FMT procedure. Unfortunately, given the many comorbidities that were precipitated by the patient's immunodeficiency and chronic infection, FMT was postponed in favor of more urgently necessary liver and bone marrow transplants. Tragically, after the first liver transplant failed, the patient lost his life before undergoing FMT and a second liver transplant. With this case report, we present the first description of how cryptosporidiosis can shape the gut microbiota of a pediatric patient with severe immunodeficiency. Finally, we discuss how both our results and the current scientific literature suggest that GM modulations, either by probiotics or FMT, can become novel treatment options for chronic infection and its consequent complications, especially in those patients who do not respond to the currently available anti-parasitic therapies.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Child; Child, Preschool; Cryptosporidiosis; CD40 Ligand; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Cryptosporidium; Intestines; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes; Parasites; Cryptosporidium parvum; Bacteria; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 37965266
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1281440 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023, one of the most abundant skin microbes found in the sebaceous gland, is known to contribute to the development of acne vulgaris when its strains become imbalanced. The...
, one of the most abundant skin microbes found in the sebaceous gland, is known to contribute to the development of acne vulgaris when its strains become imbalanced. The current limitations of acne treatment using antibiotics have caused an urgent need to develop a systematic strategy for selectively targeting , which can be achieved by characterizing their cellular behaviors under various skin environments. To this end, we developed a genome-scale metabolic model (GEM) of virulent , CA843, based on the genome information of a relevant strain from ribotype 5 to comprehensively understand the pathogenic traits of in the skin environment. We validated the model qualitatively by demonstrating its accuracy prediction of propionate and acetate production patterns, which were consistent with experimental observations. Additionally, we identified unique biosynthetic pathways for short-chain fatty acids in compared to other GEMs of acne-inducing skin pathogens. By conducting constraint-based flux analysis under endogenous carbon sources in human skin, we discovered that the Wood-Werkman cycle is highly activated under acnes-associated skin condition for the regeneration of NAD, resulting in enhanced propionate production. Finally, we proposed potential anti- targets by using the model-guided systematic framework based on gene essentiality analysis and protein sequence similarity search with abundant skin microbiome taxa.
Topics: Humans; Propionates; Skin; Acne Vulgaris; Propionibacterium acnes; Microbiota
PubMed: 37520435
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1099314 -
Journal of Dairy Science Apr 2024We examined the effects of 2 multispecies direct-fed microbial (DFM) supplements on ruminal and plasma metabolome of early-lactation dairy cows using a high-coverage...
We examined the effects of 2 multispecies direct-fed microbial (DFM) supplements on ruminal and plasma metabolome of early-lactation dairy cows using a high-coverage untargeted metabolomics approach. A total of 45 multiparous Holstein cows (41 ± 7 DIM) were enrolled for the 14-d pre-experimental and 91-d experimental period and were a subset from a lactation performance study, which used 114 cows. Cows were blocked using pre-experimental energy-corrected milk yield and randomly assigned within each block to 1 of 3 treatments: (1) corn silage-based diet with no DFM supplement (control; CON), (2) basal diet top-dressed with a mixture of Lactobacillus animalis and Propionibacterium freudenreichii at 3 × 10 cfu/d (PRO-A), or (3) basal diet top-dressed with a mixture of L. animalis, P. freudenreichii, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus licheniformis at 11.8 × 10 cfu/d (PRO-B). The basal diet was fed ad libitum daily as a TMR at 0600 and 1200 h for a duration of 91 d. Rumen fluid and blood samples were taken on d -3, 28, 49, 70, and 91 and immediately stored at -80°C. Before analysis, ruminal and plasma samples from d 28, 49, 70, and 91 were composited. An in-depth, untargeted metabolome profile of the composite rumen and plasma samples and the d -3 samples was developed by using a chemical isotope labeling/liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based technique. Differentially abundant metabolites (taking into account fold change [FC] values and false discovery rates [FDR]) were identified with a volcano plot. In the rumen, compared with the CON diet, supplemental PRO-A increased (FC ≥1.2; FDR ≤0.05) the relative concentrations of 9 metabolites, including 2-hydroxy-2,4-pentadienoic acid, glutaric acid, quinolinic acid, and shikimic acid, and PRO-B increased relative concentrations of 16 metabolites, including 2-hydroxy-2,4-pentadienoic acid, glutaric acid, 16-hydroxypalmitic acid, and 2 propionate precursors (succinic and methylsuccinic acids). Relative to PRO-A, supplemental PRO-B increased (FC ≥1.2; FDR ≤0.05) relative rumen concentrations of 3 metabolites, 16-hydroxypalmitic acid, indole-3-carboxylic acid, and 5-aminopentanoic acid, but reduced relative rumen concentrations of 13 metabolites, including carnitine, threonic acid, and shikimic acid. Compared with the CON diet, relative concentrations of 13 plasma metabolites, including myxochelin A and glyceraldehyde, were increased (FC ≥1.2; FDR ≤0.05) by PRO-A supplementation, whereas those of 9 plasma metabolites, including 4-(2-aminophenyl)-2,4-dioxobutanoic acid, N-acetylornithine, and S-norlaudanosolin, were reduced (FC ≤0.83; FDR ≤0.05). Supplemental PRO-B increased (FC ≥1.2; FDR ≤0.05) relative concentrations of 9 plasma metabolites, including trans-o-hydroxybenzylidenepyruvic acid and 3-methylsalicylaldehyde, and reduced relative concentrations of 4 plasma metabolites, including β-ethynylserine and kynurenine. Pathway analysis of the differentially abundant metabolites in both rumen and plasma revealed that these metabolites are involved in AA and fatty acid metabolism and have antimicrobial and immune-stimulating properties. The results of this study demonstrated that dietary supplementation with either PRO-A or PRO-B altered the plasma and ruminal metabolome. Notably, ruminal and plasma metabolites involved in the metabolism of AA and fatty acids and those with immunomodulatory properties were altered by either or both of the 2 microbial additives.
Topics: Female; Cattle; Animals; Shikimic Acid; Dietary Supplements; Lactation; Milk; Diet; Metabolome; Rumen; Fermentation; Animal Feed; Glutarates
PubMed: 37939839
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23876 -
Scientific Reports Jan 2024In our pursuit of enhancing acne treatment while minimizing side effects, we developed tailored Adapalene microsponges (MS) optimized using a Box-Behnken design 3. The...
In our pursuit of enhancing acne treatment while minimizing side effects, we developed tailored Adapalene microsponges (MS) optimized using a Box-Behnken design 3. The independent variables, Eudragit RS100 percentage in the polymer mixture, organic phase volume, and drug to polymer percentage, were explored. The optimized formulation exhibited remarkable characteristics, with a 98.3% ± 1.6 production yield, 97.3% ± 1.64 entrapment efficiency, and a particle size of 31.8 ± 1.1 µm. Notably, it achieved a 24 h cumulative drug release of 75.1% ± 1.4. To delve deeper into its efficacy, we evaluated the optimized microspongeal-gel in vitro, in vivo, and clinically. It demonstrated impressive retention in the pilosebaceous unit, a target for acne treatment. Comparative studies between our optimized Adapalene microspongeal gel and marketed Adapalene revealed superior performance. In vivo studies on Propionibacterium acnes-infected mice ears showed a remarkable 97% reduction in ear thickness, accompanied by a significant decrease in inflammatory signs and NF-κB levels, as confirmed by histopathological and histochemical examination. Moreover, in preliminary clinical evaluation, it demonstrated outstanding effectiveness in reducing comedonal lesions while causing fewer irritations. This not only indicates its potential for clinical application but also underscores its ability to enhance patient satisfaction, paving the way for future commercialization.
Topics: Humans; Mice; Animals; Adapalene; Acne Vulgaris; Skin; Polymers; Dermatologic Agents; Treatment Outcome; Gels
PubMed: 38228631
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51392-1 -
JDS Communications Mar 2024The objectives were to evaluate the effects of a 4-strain direct-fed microbial (DFM) on gastrointestinal tract (GIT) permeability and inflammation during feed...
The objectives were to evaluate the effects of a 4-strain direct-fed microbial (DFM) on gastrointestinal tract (GIT) permeability and inflammation during feed restriction (FR) in heifers. Holstein heifers (n = 32; mean ± standard deviation; 295 ± 25 kg body weight; 287 ± 17 d of age) were used in an experiment conducted in 2 replicates (16/replicate). Heifers were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 top-dressed dietary treatments: (1) control (CON; 10 g/d dried lactose; n = 16) or (2) DFM containing a commercial blend of , , , and at 11.8 × 10 cfu/d (PRO; 10 g/d 4-strain DFM; n = 16). The trial consisted of 2 experimental periods (P): P1 (14 d) served as baseline for P2 (5 d), when all heifers were restricted to 40% of their P1 dry matter intake (DMI). On P1 d 12 and P2 d 2 and 5, GIT permeability was evaluated using oral chromium (Cr)-EDTA. By design, FR decreased DMI (60%) and body weight (∼18 kg) in all heifers. Regardless of treatment, during FR, all heifers had decreased circulating glucose, β-hydroxybutyrate, insulin, and l-lactate (4, 14, 45, and 19%, respectively), but increased nonesterified fatty acids, serum amyloid A, and haptoglobin (3.0-, 1.7-, and 5.0-fold, respectively). Circulating white blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and basophils decreased (4, 7, 5, and 6%, respectively), whereas eosinophils increased (41%) during P2 irrespective of dietary treatment. Circulating IFN-γ inducible protein-10 increased (23%) during FR compared with P1 regardless of treatment. Plasma Cr area under the curve increased in all heifers on d 2 and 5 (10 and 14%, respectively) of P2 relative to P1, but this was unaltered by dietary treatment. In summary, FR compromised GIT barrier function and stimulated an inflammatory response, but this did not appear to be ameliorated by PRO.
PubMed: 38482117
DOI: 10.3168/jdsc.2023-0402 -
Biotechnologia 2023Plants provide an unlimited source of bioactive compounds, possessing tremendous applications in the pharmaceutical industry. In the search for sources of antioxidants...
Plants provide an unlimited source of bioactive compounds, possessing tremendous applications in the pharmaceutical industry. In the search for sources of antioxidants and antimicrobial agents against human pathogens, ethanol extracts of flowers (CJ flower extract) were evaluated. The highest total phenolic (5.65 μg GAE/ml) and flavonoid (0.43 μg QE/ml) contents were observed in the 100 μg/ml CJ flower extract. To assess antioxidant activity, three antioxidant tests were employed: DPPH radical-scavenging, ABTS radical-scavenging, and hydroxyl radical-scavenging assay. The CJ flower extract demonstrated significant ( < 0.05) antioxidant activity, dependent on the percentage of solvent extraction and the specific assays utilized. The highest antioxidant activity was obtained with 100% ethanol extraction and using the hydroxyl radical-scavenging assay (56.63%). Antimicrobial activity was assessed against six human pathogens, including the fungi and five Gram-positive bacteria (, , , , and ), as well as one Gram-negative bacterium ( ). The CJ flower extract inhibited the growth of both fungal and bacterial pathogens. The cytotoxicity of the CJ flower extract was measured using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, and the highest concentration of the extract (100 μg/ml) did not affect L929 cell viability. Moreover, the CJ flower extract demonstrated the ability to suppress HO-induced toxicity in L929 cells. Overall, the CJ flower extract has potential as an alternative source for exploring new antioxidants, antimicrobial agents, and cytoprotectants that could prove valuable for biomedical applications.
PubMed: 38213478
DOI: 10.5114/bta.2023.132772 -
Translational Animal Science 2024We examined the effects of a blend of , multiple live probiotic bacteria, and their fermentation products on performance, health, and the ruminal bacterial community of...
Effects of dietary supplementation of a blend of , multiple live probiotic bacteria, and their fermentation products on performance, health, and rumen bacterial community of newly weaned beef steers during a 56-d receiving period.
We examined the effects of a blend of , multiple live probiotic bacteria, and their fermentation products on performance, health, and the ruminal bacterial community of newly weaned beef steers during a 56-d receiving period. Forty newly weaned Angus crossbred steers (221 ± 25.6 kg BW; 180 ± 17 d of age) were stratified by body weight () into four pens (10 steers per pen) such that each pen had a similar average BW at the beginning of the experiment. The pens were randomly assigned to receive a corn silage basal diet (CON; = 20) or the basal diet supplemented with 9 g/steer/d of PRO feed additive (PRO; = 20). The PRO additive is a blend of and the fermentation products of , , , , and . The DMI and water consumed were monitored using the GrowSafe intake nodes and custom flow meters, respectively. BWs were recorded weekly to calculate average daily gain (). Before morning feeding, 10 mL of blood was taken from each steer on days 0-7, and thereafter weekly for analyses of immune cells, plasma glucose, and NEFAs. On day 56, rumen fluid samples (200 mL each) were collected from all the steers for microbiome analysis. Over the 56-d receiving period, the supplemental PRO had no effects on DMI, water intake, or ADG. However, compared to CON, beef steers fed supplemental PRO tended to have greater ADG ( = 0.08) and BW ( = 0.07) during the first 14 d of the study. There was a treatment × day interaction ( ≤ 0.05) for WBC, neutrophils and monocytes over the 56 d such that beef steers fed supplemental PRO had lower blood concentrations on certain days during the first 7 d after weaning, indicating reduced inflammation or stress response. The results of the rumen microbiome analysis revealed that the relative abundance of complex fiber degrading or obligate proton-reducing bacterial genera such as , group, , , and were greater ( ≤ 0.05) in beef steers fed supplemental PRO compared to CON. This study demonstrated that dietary supplementation of PRO improved the growth performance, reduced stress or inflammatory response during the initial days after weaning, and altered the ruminal bacterial community toward increased relative abundance of bacterial genera associated with improved rumen function.
PubMed: 38221963
DOI: 10.1093/tas/txad143 -
Journal of Microorganism Control 2024Cutibacterium acnes is an opportunistic pathogen recognized as a contributing factor to acne vulgaris. The accumulation of keratin and sebum plugs in hair follicles...
Cutibacterium acnes is an opportunistic pathogen recognized as a contributing factor to acne vulgaris. The accumulation of keratin and sebum plugs in hair follicles facilitates C. acnes proliferation, leading to inflammatory acne. Although numerous antimicrobial cosmetic products for acne-prone skin are available, their efficacy is commonly evaluated against planktonic cells of C. acnes. Limited research has assessed the antimicrobial effects on microorganisms within keratin and sebum plugs. This study investigates whether an antibacterial toner can penetrate keratin and sebum plugs, exhibiting bactericidal effects against C. acnes. Scanning electron microscopy and next-generation sequencing analysis of the keratin and sebum plug suggest that C. acnes proliferate within the plug, predominantly in a biofilm-like morphology. To clarify the potential bactericidal effect of the antibacterial toner against C. acnes inside keratin and sebum plugs, we immersed the plugs in the toner, stained them with LIVE/DEAD BacLight Bacterial Viability Kit to visualize microorganism viability, and observed them using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Results indicate that most microorganisms in the plugs were killed by the antibacterial toner. To quantitatively evaluate the bactericidal efficacy of the toner against C. acnes within keratin and sebum, we immersed an artificial plug with inoculated C. acnes type strain and an isolate collected from acne-prone skin into the toner and obtained viable cell counts. The number of the type strain and the isolate inside the artificial plug decreased by over 2.2 log and 1.2 log, respectively, showing that the antibacterial toner exhibits bactericidal effects against C. acnes via keratin and sebum plug penetration.
Topics: Sebum; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Humans; Keratins; Acne Vulgaris; Biofilms; Microbial Viability; Propionibacteriaceae; Propionibacterium acnes; Hair Follicle; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
PubMed: 38880618
DOI: 10.4265/jmc.29.2_63 -
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences Jan 2024Dromedary camel or Arabian camel () has great economic importance due to its milk and byproducts. Its milk has high nutrition along with healthy bacteria such as...
Dromedary camel or Arabian camel () has great economic importance due to its milk and byproducts. Its milk has high nutrition along with healthy bacteria such as bacteria helpful in the fermentation process. The aim was to compare the probiotic bacteria from one week of lactating camel milk vs one year lactating camel milk to differentiate the potential probiotics. This study analyzed the microbiomes of one year lactating raw camel milk M1, M2 (A) (n = 10) and one week of lactating camel milk M3, M4 (B) (n = 10) through metagenomic analysis of 16S rRNA. In total, 276 species were found in two groups (A and B) and they shared 55 genes. Group B showed a higher number of species (2 2 0) than group A (56). The statistical data on functional annotations such as Card, COG, NOG and Swiss-prot revealed at least one or more contributions from this study sample database. The phylum contributed largely up to 75 % in group B. In contrast, and existed in higher quantity in group A than in group B and were slightly higher in group A than in group B. were higher in group B whereas dominated in group A than group B. The potential probiotic bacteria found in camel milk including , and Despite the probiotic bacteria some pathogenic microbes also resided in the studied samples, hence it is strongly recommended proper sterilization before consumption. This proposed research is to get an efficient microbial consortium of beneficial bacteria and their functional roles.
PubMed: 38090133
DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103879