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International Journal of Molecular... Feb 2024Prostate cancer (PCa) represents the second most diagnosed tumor and the fifth most common cause of cancer death in men globally [...].
Prostate cancer (PCa) represents the second most diagnosed tumor and the fifth most common cause of cancer death in men globally [...].
Topics: Humans; Male; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 38396731
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042054 -
International Journal of Molecular... Sep 2023Immunotherapy has emerged as an important approach for cancer treatment, but its clinical efficacy has been limited in prostate cancer compared to other malignancies.... (Review)
Review
Immunotherapy has emerged as an important approach for cancer treatment, but its clinical efficacy has been limited in prostate cancer compared to other malignancies. This review summarizes key immunotherapy strategies under evaluation for prostate cancer, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, bispecific T cell-engaging antibodies, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, therapeutic vaccines, and cytokines. For each modality, the rationale stemming from preclinical studies is discussed along with outcomes from completed clinical trials and strategies to improve clinical efficacy that are being tested in ongoing clinical trials. Imperative endeavors include biomarker discovery for patient selection, deciphering resistance mechanisms, refining cellular therapies such as CAR T cells, and early-stage intervention were reviewed. These ongoing efforts instill optimism that immunotherapy may eventually deliver significant clinical benefits and expand treatment options for patients with advanced prostate cancer.
Topics: Male; Humans; Prostatic Neoplasms; Immunotherapy; Antibodies, Bispecific; Biomedical Research; Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy
PubMed: 37762648
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814347 -
Urologic Oncology Sep 2024Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common tumors affecting men all over the world. PCa has brought a huge health burden to men around the world, especially for... (Review)
Review
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common tumors affecting men all over the world. PCa has brought a huge health burden to men around the world, especially for elderly men, but its pathogenesis is unclear. In prostate cancer, epigenetic inheritance plays an important role in the development, progression, and metastasis of the disease. An important role in cancer invasion and metastasis is played by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), zinc-dependent proteases that break down extracellular matrix. We review two important forms of epigenetic modification and the role of matrix metalloproteinases in tumor regulation, both of which may be of significant value as novel biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis monitoring. The author considers that both mechanisms have promising therapeutic applications for therapeutic agent research in prostate cancer, but that efforts should be made to mitigate or eliminate the side effects of drug therapy in order to maximize quality of life of patients. The understanding of epigenetic modification, MMPs, and their inhibitors in the functional regulation of prostate cancer is gradually advancing, it will provide a new technical means for the prevention of prostate cancer, early diagnosis, androgen-independent prostate cancer treatment, and drug research.
Topics: Humans; Male; Prostatic Neoplasms; Matrix Metalloproteinases; Epigenesis, Genetic; Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; Biomarkers, Tumor
PubMed: 38806387
DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2024.05.002 -
Journal of Nanobiotechnology Dec 2023Current diagnostic tools for prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis and risk stratification are insufficient. The hidden onset and poor efficacy of traditional therapies... (Review)
Review
Current diagnostic tools for prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis and risk stratification are insufficient. The hidden onset and poor efficacy of traditional therapies against metastatic PCa make this disease a heavy burden in global men's health. Prostate cancer-derived extracellular vesicles (PCDEVs) have garnered attention in recent years due to their important role in communications in tumor microenvironment. Recent advancements have demonstrated PCDEVs proteins play an important role in PCa invasion, progression, metastasis, therapeutic resistance, and immune escape. In this review, we briefly discuss the applications of sEV proteins in PCa diagnosis and prognosis in liquid biopsy, focus on the roles of the PCa-derived small EVs (sEVs) proteins in tumor microenvironment associated with cancer progression, and explore the therapeutic potential of sEV proteins applied for future metastatic PCa therapy.
Topics: Male; Humans; Prostatic Neoplasms; Prognosis; Extracellular Vesicles; Liquid Biopsy; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 38093355
DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02219-0 -
Journal of Advanced Research Sep 2023Even with the advancement in the areas of cancer nanotechnology, prostate cancer still poses a major threat to men's health. Nanomaterials and nanomaterial-derived... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Even with the advancement in the areas of cancer nanotechnology, prostate cancer still poses a major threat to men's health. Nanomaterials and nanomaterial-derived theranostic systems have been explored for diagnosis, imaging, and therapy for different types of cancer still, for prostate cancer they have not delivered at full potential because of the limitations like in vivo biocompatibility, immune responses, precise targetability, and therapeutic outcome associated with the nanostructured system.
AIM OF REVIEW
Functionalizing nanomaterials with different biomolecules and bioactive agents provides advantages like specificity towards cancerous tumors, improved circulation time, and modulation of the immune response leading to early diagnosis and targeted delivery of cargo at the site of action.
KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW
In this review, we have emphasized the classification and comparison of various nanomaterials based on biofunctionalization strategy and source of biomolecules such that it can be used for possible translation in clinical settings and future developments. This review highlighted the opportunities for embedding highly specific biological targeting moieties (antibody, aptamer, oligonucleotides, biopolymer, peptides, etc.) on nanoparticles which can improve the detection of prostate cancer-associated biomarkers at a very low limit of detection, direct visualization of prostate tumors and lastly for its therapy. Lastly, special emphasis was given to biomimetic nanomaterials which include functionalization with extracellular vesicles, exosomes and viral particles and their application for prostate cancer early detection and drug delivery. The present review paves a new pathway for next-generation biofunctionalized nanomaterials for prostate cancer theranostic application and their possibility in clinical translation.
Topics: Male; Humans; Precision Medicine; Prostatic Neoplasms; Nanostructures; Drug Delivery Systems; Nanoparticles
PubMed: 36368516
DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.11.001 -
Oncogene Aug 2023A key challenge in the clinical management and cause of treatment failure of prostate cancer (PCa) is its molecular, cellular and clinical heterogeneity. Modelling... (Review)
Review
A key challenge in the clinical management and cause of treatment failure of prostate cancer (PCa) is its molecular, cellular and clinical heterogeneity. Modelling systems that fully recapitulate clinical diversity and resistant phenotypes are urgently required for the development of successful personalised PCa therapies. The advent of the three-dimensional (3D) organoid model has revolutionised preclinical cancer research through reflecting heterogeneity and offering genomic and environmental manipulation that has opened up unparalleled opportunities for applications in disease modelling, high-throughput drug screening and precision medicine. Despite these remarkable achievements of organoid technology, several shortcomings in emulating the complex tumor microenvironment and dynamic process of metastasis as well as the epigenome profile limit organoids achieving true in vivo functionality. Technological advances in tissue engineering have enabled the development of innovative tools to facilitate the design of improved 3D cancer models. In this review, we highlight the current in vitro 3D PCa models with a special focus on organoids and discuss engineering approaches to create more physiologically relevant PCa organoid models and maximise their translational relevance that ultimately will help to realise the transformational power of precision medicine.
Topics: Humans; Male; Prostatic Neoplasms; Organoids; Precision Medicine; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 37438470
DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02776-6 -
European Urology Nov 2023Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen Reporting and Data System (PSMA-RADS) was introduced for standardized reporting, and PSMA-RADS version 1.0 allows classification of...
Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen Reporting and Data System (PSMA-RADS) was introduced for standardized reporting, and PSMA-RADS version 1.0 allows classification of lesions based on their likelihood of representing a site of prostate cancer on PSMA-targeted positron emission tomography (PET). In recent years, this system has extensively been investigated. Increasing evidence has accumulated that the different categories reflect their actual meanings, such as true positivity in PSMA-RADS 4 and 5 lesions. Interobserver agreement studies demonstrated high concordance among a broad spectrum of Ga- or F-labeled, PSMA-directed radiotracers, even for less experienced readers. Moreover, this system has also been applied to challenging clinical scenarios and to assist in clinical decision-making, for example, to avoid overtreatment in oligometastatic disease. Nonetheless, with an increasing use of PSMA-RADS 1.0, this framework has shown not only benefits, but also limitations, for example, for follow-up assessment of locally treated lesions. Thus, we aimed to update the PSMA-RADS framework to include a refined set of categories in order to optimize lesion-level characterization and best assist in clinical decision-making (PSMA-RADS version 2.0).
Topics: Humans; Male; Antigens, Surface; Data Systems; Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II; Positron-Emission Tomography; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 37414701
DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2023.06.008 -
International Journal of Radiation... Jan 2024Clinical target volume (CTV) delineation for pelvic lymph nodes in prostate cancer is currently based on 3 consensus guidelines with some inherent discrepancies. To...
PURPOSE
Clinical target volume (CTV) delineation for pelvic lymph nodes in prostate cancer is currently based on 3 consensus guidelines with some inherent discrepancies. To improve the reproducibility in nodal delineation, the Francophone Group of Urological Radiotherapy (Groupe Francophone de Radiothérapie Urologique [GFRU]) worked toward proposing an easily applicable, reproducible, and practice-validated contouring guideline for pelvic nodal CTV.
METHODS AND MATERIALS
The nodal CTV data sets of a high-risk node-negative prostate cancer clinical case contoured by 86 radiation oncologists participating in a GFRU contouring workshop were analyzed. CTV volumes were defined before and after a structured presentation of literature data on lymphatic drainage pathways and patterns of nodal involvement and relapse, illustrated using a reference contour (CRef) defined by 3 GFRU experts. The consistency between the participants' contours and CRef was assessed quantitively by means of the Simultaneous Truth and Performance Level Estimation (STAPLE) method, the Dice coefficient, and the Hausdorff distance and qualitatively using a count map. These results combined with the literature review were thoroughly discussed among GFRU experts to reach a consensus.
RESULTS
From the 86 workshop participants, the volume of the STAPLE CTV was 591 cc compared with 502 cc for CRef. The Dice coefficient of the STAPLE CTV compared with the experts' CRef was 0.736 (±0.084) before and 0.823 (±0.070) after the workshop; the standard deviation decreased from 11.5% to 8.5% over the workshop. The Hausdorff distance of the STAPLE CTV compared with the CRef was 34.5 mm (±12.4) before the workshop and 21.8 mm (±9.3) after the workshop. Four areas of significant interobserver variability were identified, and a consensus was reached.
CONCLUSIONS
Using a robust methodology, our cooperative group proposed an easily applicable, reproducible, and practice-validated guideline for the delineation of the pelvic CTV in prostate cancer, useful for implementation in daily practice and clinical trials.
Topics: Male; Humans; Reproducibility of Results; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Lymph Nodes; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 37506982
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.07.020 -
La Clinica Terapeutica 2023In the last decade, Prostate Cancer (PCa) has emerged as the second most prevalent and serious medical condition, and is considered one of the leading factors... (Review)
Review
In the last decade, Prostate Cancer (PCa) has emerged as the second most prevalent and serious medical condition, and is considered one of the leading factors contributing to global mortality rates. Several factors (genetic as well as environmental) contribute to its development and seriousness. Since the disease is usually asymptomatic at early stages, it is typically misdiagnosed or over-diagnosed by the diagnostic procedures currently in use, leading to improper treatment. Effective biomarkers and diagnostic techniques are desperately needed in clinical settings for better management of PCa patients. Studies integrating omics sciences have shown that the accuracy and dependability of diagnostic and prognostic evaluations have increased because of the use of omics data; also, the treatment plans using omics can be facilitated by personalized medicine. The present review emphasizes innovative multi-omics methodologies, encompassing proteomics, genomics, microbiomics, metabolomics, and transcriptomics, with the aim of comprehending the molecular alterations that trigger and contribute to PCa. The review shows how early genomic and transcriptomic research has made it possible to identify PCa-related genes that are controlled by tumor-relevant signaling pathways. Proteomic and metabolomic analyses have recently been integrated, advancing our understanding of the complex mechanisms at play, the multiple levels of regulation, and how they interact. By applying the omics approach, new vulnerabilities may be discovered, and customized treatments with improved efficacy will soon be accessible.
Topics: Humans; Male; Proteomics; Precision Medicine; Genomics; Prostatic Neoplasms; Biomarkers
PubMed: 37994753
DOI: 10.7417/CT.2023.2476 -
The Canadian Journal of Urology Oct 2023
Topics: Male; United States; Humans; Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act; Prostatic Neoplasms; Early Detection of Cancer; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Algorithms
PubMed: 37838989
DOI: No ID Found