-
Adversity and Resilience Science Dec 2023A team of tribe-based behavioral health specialists and university-based researchers partnered to implement a cluster randomized trial for the prevention of drug misuse...
A team of tribe-based behavioral health specialists and university-based researchers partnered to implement a cluster randomized trial for the prevention of drug misuse among adolescents attending public high schools on or near the Cherokee Nation Reservation in northeastern Oklahoma. The conceptual framework, which guided intervention and measurement design for the trial, incorporates indigenous knowledge and worldviews with empirically-based frameworks and evidence-based practices. Our goal is to serve multicultural youth, families, and schools and to provide a model of effective strategies for wide dissemination. This paper presents the conceptual model, survey design, and psychometric properties of scales to measure risk and protective factors for substance misuse. The survey includes common measures drawn from the PhenX Toolkit on substance use patterns-adolescent module, measured with standard items from the Monitoring the Future (MTF) study and items harmonized across ten NIH-funded research projects with diverse samples of youth. In our trial, brief (20-minute) self-report questionnaires were administered to 10th grade students in fall 2021 ( = 919, 87% response rate) and spring 2022 ( = 929, 89% response rate) in 20 participating high schools on or near the Cherokee Nation Reservation. The sample primarily fell into the following three categories of race/ethnicity identification: only American Indian (AI-only, 29%), AI and another race/ethnicity (AI+, 27%), and only White (35%). Results indicate that risk and protective factor scales were reliably and validly measured with 10 scales and 10 subscales. There were minimal differences between youth who identified as AI only, AI+, and White only, especially for the main scales, which provide confidence in the interpretation of trial outcomes across demographic groups. Study results may not be generalizable to AI/AN youth who live and attend school in more homogenous reservation lands, or alternatively, live in large diverse metropolitan areas.
PubMed: 38895740
DOI: 10.1007/s42844-023-00112-1 -
Annals of Medicine Dec 2024To analyze the factors influencing myopia and construct a nomogram to forecast the risk of myopia among school-age children, providing a reference for identifying...
OBJECTIVES
To analyze the factors influencing myopia and construct a nomogram to forecast the risk of myopia among school-age children, providing a reference for identifying high-risk groups to aid prevention and control.
METHODS
This case-control study enrolled 3512 students from three primary schools in Shenzhen using random cluster sampling for a questionnaire survey, myopia screening and ocular biometric parameter measurement. Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of myopia, and a nomogram was constructed to forecast myopia risk. Bootstrap resampling was used to verify the practicability of the nomogram.
RESULTS
Older age (odds ratio[OR] = 1.164; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.111-1.219), female sex (OR = 2.405; 95% CI: 2.003-2.887), maternal myopia (OR = 1.331; 95% CI: 1.114-1.589), incorrect posture during reading and writing (OR = 1.283; 95% CI: 1.078-1.528) and axial length (OR = 7.708; 95% CI: 6.044-8.288) are risk factors for myopia, whereas an increase in corneal radius (OR = 0.036; 95% CI: 0.025-0.052) is a protective factor against myopia. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the nomogram was 0.857, and the net benefit was high when the risk threshold of the decision curve analyses (DCA) ranged from 0.20 to 1.00. The measured values were consistent with the prediction.
CONCLUSION
The nomogram was accurate in predicting the risk of myopia among schoolchildren. This study provides a reference for screening high-risk students and for individualized myopia prevention and control.
Topics: Child; Humans; Female; Nomograms; Case-Control Studies; Students; Risk Factors; Myopia
PubMed: 38507901
DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2331056 -
PloS One 2023The aims for this study was to prove the impacts of marital events (marriage rate, divorce rate and marriage squeeze), economic development, and social development on...
AIMS
The aims for this study was to prove the impacts of marital events (marriage rate, divorce rate and marriage squeeze), economic development, and social development on the suicide rate among urban and rural Chinese and reveal the differences in these impacts between urban and rural areas and between genders.
METHODS
An explanatory time-series analysis methodology was adopted to analyze the nation-wide data ranging from 1987-2017.
RESULTS
Marriage rate was a protective factor against the suicide rate among urban and rural men, and rural women; however, divorce rate was a protective factor against the suicide rate only among rural women. For the four groups, the economic development level measured by per capita GDP is a protective factor, while social development measured by urbanization and rural-urban labor migration rates in rural areas plays different roles.
CONCLUSIONS
Marriage and divorce rates were found to have different meanings for the four groups. This study offers a reference for designing relevant policies and projects to intervene in suicidal behaviors among different groups.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Marriage; East Asian People; Urban Population; Population Dynamics; Suicide
PubMed: 37871007
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286961 -
Medicine Dec 2023There are few studies on risk factors for frozen shoulder, and even fewer Mendelian randomization (MR) studies on frozen shoulder. Therefore, we conducted a two-sample...
There are few studies on risk factors for frozen shoulder, and even fewer Mendelian randomization (MR) studies on frozen shoulder. Therefore, we conducted a two-sample MR study to explore whether socioeconomic status (years of schooling, average total household income before tax), obesity (body mass index and waist circumference), individual behaviors (smoking initiation, alcohol intake frequency, coffee intake, nonoily fish intake, tea intake, beef intake, bread intake, cheese intake, oily fish intake, and fresh fruit intake), and diabetes (type 1 and type 2 diabetes) are associated with frozen shoulder. The exposure datasets and the outcome dataset were extracted from the MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol Open genome-wide association studies project (https://gwas.mrcieu.ac.uk/). We conducted MR analyses using the inverse variance weighted (primary method), MR-Egger, and weighted median methods and conducted heterogeneity and pleiotropy analyses. Type 1 diabetes (OR: 1.103; 95% CI: 1.053-1.156; P = .0000410) was associated with an increased risk of frozen shoulder. Cheese intake (OR: 0.490; 95% CI: 0.267-0.899; P = .0213), non-oily fish intake (OR: 0.0993; 95% CI: 0.0220-0.448; P = .00267), years of schooling (OR: 0.453; 95% CI: 0.349-0.588; P = .00000000277), and average total household income before tax (OR: 0.434; 95% CI: 0.253-0.743; P = .00236) were discovered as protective factors. No horizontal pleiotropy was found in all analyzes we performed (P > .05). Our study indicated that type 1 diabetes was a risk factor for frozen shoulder while cheese intake, non-oily fish intake, years of schooling, and average total household income before tax were considered as protective factors for frozen shoulder.
Topics: Bursitis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Genome-Wide Association Study; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Obesity; Humans; Diet
PubMed: 38065922
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000036470 -
Cells Oct 2023Sulfur mustard (SM) and its derivatives are potent genotoxic agents, which have been shown to trigger the activation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) and the...
Sulfur mustard (SM) and its derivatives are potent genotoxic agents, which have been shown to trigger the activation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) and the depletion of their substrate, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). NAD is an essential molecule involved in numerous cellular pathways, including genome integrity and DNA repair, and thus, NAD supplementation might be beneficial for mitigating mustard-induced (geno)toxicity. In this study, the role of NAD depletion and elevation in the genotoxic stress response to SM derivatives, i.e., the monofunctional agent 2-chloroethyl-ethyl sulfide (CEES) and the crosslinking agent mechlorethamine (HN2), was investigated with the use of NAD booster nicotinamide riboside (NR) and NAD synthesis inhibitor FK866. The effects were analyzed in immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT) or monocyte-like cell line THP-1. In HaCaT cells, NR supplementation, increased NAD levels, and elevated PAR response, however, did not affect ATP levels or DNA damage repair, nor did it attenuate long- and short-term cytotoxicities. On the other hand, the depletion of cellular NAD via FK866 sensitized HaCaT cells to genotoxic stress, particularly CEES exposure, whereas NR supplementation, by increasing cellular NAD levels, rescued the sensitizing FK866 effect. Intriguingly, in THP-1 cells, the NR-induced elevation of cellular NAD levels did attenuate toxicity of the mustard compounds, especially upon CEES exposure. Together, our results reveal that NAD is an important molecule in the pathomechanism of SM derivatives, exhibiting compound-specificity. Moreover, the cell line-dependent protective effects of NR are indicative of system-specificity of the application of this NAD booster.
Topics: Humans; Alkylating Agents; NAD; Protective Factors; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; DNA
PubMed: 37830610
DOI: 10.3390/cells12192396 -
Experimental and Clinical... Oct 2023Lymphocele is a frequent complication after kidney transplant and needs attention. This study was undertaken to analyze perioperative risk factors and short-term...
OBJECTIVES
Lymphocele is a frequent complication after kidney transplant and needs attention. This study was undertaken to analyze perioperative risk factors and short-term outcomes associated with lymphocele after kidney transplant.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Our single-center study retrospectively analyzed 264 recipients of kidney allografts from January 2018 to October 2021. Patients were classified into 2 groups according to the occurrence of lymphocele. Perioperative clinical data and follow-up indicators were compared between groups.
RESULTS
The incidence of lymphocele after kidney transplant was 19.7%. Univariate analysis showed that percentage of male patients, hypothermic machine perfusion proportion, and postoperative hemoglobin and albumin were lower and flow velocity of renal artery was higher in the lymphocele group compared with the control group. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that postoperative hemoglobin <95 g/L (odds ratio = 2.01; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-4.05; P = .03) was an independent risk factor and hypothermic machine perfusion (odds ratio = 0.27; 95% confidence interval, 0.08-0.96; P = .04) was a protective factor for the determination of lymphocele. Comparisons of related complications indicated that drainage tube and urinary catheter removal times were longer and urinary tract infection and moderate to severe anemia proportions were higher in the lymphocele group. Follow-up data showed that postoperative 1-month serum creatinine was higher and 1-month estimated glomerular filtration rate was lower in lymphocele group compared with the control group, but no significant differences were shown at 12 months.
CONCLUSIONS
Postoperative hemoglobin may be a risk factor and hypothermic machine perfusion may be a protective factor for lymphocele after kidney transplant. Lymphocele only temporarily affects short-term kidney function, especially during hospitalization.
Topics: Humans; Male; Kidney Transplantation; Lymphocele; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Prognosis; Postoperative Complications; Hemoglobins
PubMed: 37965955
DOI: 10.6002/ect.2023.0138 -
Journal of Youth and Adolescence Oct 2023Although consensual sending of sexts between adolescents is considered developmentally appropriate, it may also entail a range of negative consequences. Current sexting...
Although consensual sending of sexts between adolescents is considered developmentally appropriate, it may also entail a range of negative consequences. Current sexting research lacks a comprehensive theoretical framework identifying a range of risk and protective factors underpinning adolescent consensual sending of sexts across individual, interpersonal, and distal levels. Further, there is a lack of systematic evaluation of how the importance of these factors may vary across adolescent age. This study investigated the utility of the Social Development Model to predict a range of risk and protective factors across individual, family, peer, school, and community-level factors. The sample included 1302 teenagers from Victoria, Australia (M = 14.54, SD = 1.14, 50.8% girls). Results indicated that 146 (11.7%) participants sent a sext (76 boys and 70 girls). Logistic regression analyses revealed that the Social Development Model accounted for 45.8% of variance in sexting, with greater likelihood of sending sexts being associated with older age, prior sexual activity, school sector, physical activity, lifetime substance use, greater depressive symptoms, sensation seeking, and perceived substance availability in the community. Multigroup analyses revealed that lifetime substance use was associated with a greater likelihood of sending sexts among younger teens. Among older adolescents, adaptive coping was associated with reduced engagement in sexting, while higher parental overcontrol and family conflict increased the odds of sending sexts. Overall, sexting is associated with a range of modifiable factors potentially amenable to intervention.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Adolescent; Protective Factors; Text Messaging; Sexual Behavior; Peer Group; Adolescent Behavior; Victoria
PubMed: 37481506
DOI: 10.1007/s10964-023-01827-1 -
Journal of the Endocrine Society Dec 2023Graves disease (GD) is a prevalent autoimmune disorder with a complex etiology. The association between serum metabolites and GD remains partially understood.
CONTEXT
Graves disease (GD) is a prevalent autoimmune disorder with a complex etiology. The association between serum metabolites and GD remains partially understood.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to elucidate the causal connections between serum metabolites and predisposition to GD, examining potential genetic interplay.
METHODS
A 1-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted on the GD analysis that included 2836 cases and 374 441 controls. We utilized genome-wide association study summary data from the FinnGen project, analyzing the causal impact of 486 serum metabolites on GD. Approaches used were the inverse variance weighted methodology, Cochran's Q test, MR-Egger regression, MR-PRESSO, Steiger test, and linkage disequilibrium score regression analyses to assess genetic influence on metabolites and GD.
RESULTS
19 metabolites were identified as having a pronounced association with GD risk, of which 10 maintained noteworthy correlations after stringent sensitivity assessments. Three metabolites exhibited significant heritability: kynurenine (OR 3.851, = 6.09 × 10), a risk factor; glycerol 2-phosphate (OR 0.549, = 3.58 × 10) and 4-androsten-3beta,17beta-diol disulfate 2 (OR 0.461, = 1.34 × 10) were recognized as protective factors against GD. Crucially, all 3 exhibited no shared genetic interrelation with GD, further substantiating their potential causal significance in the disease.
CONCLUSION
This study unveils pivotal insights into the intricate relationships between serum metabolites and GD risk. By identifying specific risk and protective factors, it opens avenues for more precise disease understanding and management. The findings underline the importance of integrating genomics with metabolomics to fathom the multifaceted nature of GD.
PubMed: 38116129
DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvad149 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023The etiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is still elusive. The aim of this study was to provide preventive and prognostic parameters associated with diabetes...
BACKGROUND
The etiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is still elusive. The aim of this study was to provide preventive and prognostic parameters associated with diabetes mellitus with benign prostatic enlargement (BPE).
METHODS
Diabetic patients were collected retrospectively from February 2021 to December 2022, including monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR). Diabetic patients were divided into two groups by whether the prostate volume was greater than or equal to 30 ml, which were diabetes mellitus without BPE (DM) and diabetes mellitus with BPE (DM+BPE). The baseline characteristics were compared, the risk and protective factors associated with DM+BPE were determined using univariate and multivariate logistic regression, and the parameters associated with prostate volume were determined using correlation analysis.
RESULTS
Of the 671 patients collected, age and prostate volume were significantly higher in the DM+BPE than in the DM; MLR was higher in the DM+BPE than in the DM; and platelet was significantly lower in the DM+BPE than in the DM. Univariate logistic regression showed that age was a risk factor, while protective factors for DM+BPE were lymphocytes and platelet. Multifactorial logistic regression showed that age was a risk factor, while platelet was the protective factor for DM+BPE. In the total overall (n=671), prostate volume was positively correlated with age. Prostate volume was negatively correlated with lymphocytes and platelet. In DM+BPE (n=142), prostate volume was positively correlated with age and MLR.
CONCLUSION
Platelet was a protective factor for DM+BPE and was negatively correlated with prostate volume, whereas MLR was positively correlated with prostate volume in DM+BPE.
Topics: Male; Humans; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Retrospective Studies; Monocytes; Diabetes Mellitus; Risk Factors
PubMed: 37492582
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1166265 -
Journal of Autism and Developmental... Dec 2023This study examines autistic and non-autistic college students' experiences of discrimination and harassment and identifies protective and risk factors. A nationwide...
This study examines autistic and non-autistic college students' experiences of discrimination and harassment and identifies protective and risk factors. A nationwide survey was used to match autistic students (N = 290) and non-autistic students (N = 290) on co-occurring diagnoses and demographic characteristics. Multiple regression and interaction analysis revealed that faculty support was protective against discrimination and harassment regardless of autism status. Habits of mind was particularly protective for autistic students against harassment. Any student who engaged in school-facilitated events was more likely to experience discrimination and harassment, but the risk was heightened for autistic students. Findings highlight the importance of faculty support in fostering positive interpersonal experiences on campus, and demonstrate the need to address deeper college campus issues with respect to neurodiversity.
Topics: Humans; Autistic Disorder; Protective Factors; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Students; Peer Group
PubMed: 36103077
DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05729-2