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Journal of Infection and Public Health Aug 2023Institutions must have access to antibiograms to monitor changes in antimicrobial resistance and direct empirical antibiotic therapy. The first facility-specific...
BACKGROUND
Institutions must have access to antibiograms to monitor changes in antimicrobial resistance and direct empirical antibiotic therapy. The first facility-specific cumulative antibiogram was launched in the ICU in 2019. Consequently, many antibiogram-operation-related actions have been adopted in the institution based on reported data. This study aimed to analyze the cumulative antibiogram reports for multiple intensive care units (ICUs) for 2020, and compare the antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) patterns between the 2019 and 2020 years in an academic medical center.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study was performed of routine bacterial culture and AST data extracted from a laboratory information system in a 2252-bed capacity hospital. Only the first diagnostic isolate of a given species per patient per year was included in the study. Interpretation and reporting were done in accordance with the applicable Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute and European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing guidelines.
RESULTS
Of the 46,791 clinical isolates, the Gram-negative bacilli isolation rate witnessed a significant increase: 35,670 isolates in 2020 versus. 33,652 isolates in 2019. Klebsiella pneumoniae showed a statistically significant increase, mainly in pediatric, emergency, and cardiothoracic ICUs (p < 0.001). Neonatal and pediatric ICUs showed statistically significant increases in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis isolates (p < 0.001). A statistically significant decrease was noted in the prevalence of Acinetobacter, Escherichia coli, Burkholderia cepacia, and Enterobacter cloacae. The sensitivities of K. pneumoniae and E. coli to imipenem and tigecycline significantly improved (p < 0.001). The sensitivity to colistin was significantly decreased (p < 0.001). The sensitivity of P. aeruginosa isolates to colistin and carbapenems was improved (p < 0.001). We reported a statistically significant decrease in all Gram-positive cocci (11,121 in 2020 versus. 11,528 in 2019). Staphylococcus aureus showed a statistically significant increase (p < 0.001), particularly in the medical ICU.
CONCLUSION
The high susceptibility rates of Enterobacteriaceae toward colistin and tigecycline, should be cautiously considered in empiric therapy while looking for alternatives. The majority of isolates of Gram-positive cocci were coagulase negative staphylococci (CONS), we still need to confirm whether they are true pathogens or commensals before considering anti-staphylococcal agents in the empirical therapy. We underscored some corrective actions that might have improved the susceptibility rates, such as antibiotic cycling.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Humans; Child; Tigecycline; Colistin; Egypt; Escherichia coli; Cross-Sectional Studies; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Hospitals, University; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Intensive Care Units; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 37276716
DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.05.032 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Dec 2023The present study was carried out to determine the seminal microbiota of boars and their correlation with sperm quality. A total of 17 ejaculates were collected from 17...
The present study was carried out to determine the seminal microbiota of boars and their correlation with sperm quality. A total of 17 ejaculates were collected from 17 Duroc boars and were classified according to sperm quality into two groups: low-quality ( = 8) and high-quality ( = 9). Each ejaculate was subjected to (i) semen evaluation, (ii) bacterial culture and MALDI-TOF identification, and (iii) 16S rRNA gene sequencing and bioinformatic analyses. No difference in the total bacterial count, alpha diversity, and beta diversity between the high-quality group and the low-quality group was detected ( > 0.05). While was negatively correlated with sperm quality ( < 0.05), was positively correlated with sperm quality ( < 0.05). Lactobacillales (25.2%; LB) and Enterobacterales (10.3%; EB) were the most dominant bacteria and negatively correlated: EB = 507.3 - 0.5 × LB, R = 0.24, < 0.001. Moreover, the abundance of was negatively correlated with LB (r = -0.754, < 0.001) and positively correlated with (r = 0.533, < 0.05). was positively correlated with (r = 0.485, < 0.05), (r = 0.622, < 0.01), and (r = 0.489, < 0.05). In conclusion, seminal microbiota is significantly associated with boar semen qualities. The distributions of the most dominant bacterial genera, the differences in the abundance of small subset microbes, and their correlation appear to have far more impact than the overall seminal bacterial content (e.g., total bacterial count, alpha diversity, and beta diversity) on sperm quality.
PubMed: 38136874
DOI: 10.3390/ani13243837 -
PloS One 2023The gastrointestinal microbiota plays an important role in the function of the host intestine. However, little is currently known about the effects of irradiation on the...
The gastrointestinal microbiota plays an important role in the function of the host intestine. However, little is currently known about the effects of irradiation on the microorganisms colonizing the mucosal surfaces of the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of X-ray irradiation on the compositions of the large intestinal Microbiotas of the rat. The gut microbiotas in control mice and mice receiving irradiation with different dose treatment were characterized by high-throughput sequencing of the bacterial 16S rDNA gene and their metabolites were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Unexpectedly, the diversity was increased mildly at 2Gy irradiation, and dose dependent decreased at 4Gy, 6Gy, 8Gy irradiation. The phyla with large changes in phylum level are Firmicutes, Bacteroides and Proteobacteria; the abundance ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroides is inverted; and when 8Gy is irradiated, the phylum abundance level was significantly increased. At the genus level, the abundance levels of Phascolarctobacterium, Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae increased at 2Gy irradiation, and significantly decreased at 4Gy, 6Gy, and 8Gy irradiation; the abundance level of Prevotellaceae diminished at 2Gy irradiation, and enhanced at 4Gy, 6Gy, 8Gy irradiation; The abundance level of Violet bacteria (Christenellaceae) and Lactobacillus attenuated in a dose-dependent manner; Lachnoclostridium enhanced in a dose-dependent manner; Bacteroides was in 4Gy, 6Gy, 8Gy The abundance level increased significantly during irradiation; the abundance level of Shigella (Escherichia-Shigella) only increased significantly during 8Gy irradiation. Lefse predicts that the biomarker at 0Gy group is Veillonellaceae, the biomarker at 2Gy group is Firmicutes, the biomarkers at 4Gy group are Dehalobacterium and Dehalobacteriaceae, the biomarkers at 6Gy group are Odoribacter, and the biomarkers at 8Gy group are Anaerotruncus, Holdemania, Proteus, Bilophila, Desufovibrionales and Deltaproteobacteria. Overall, the data presented here reveal that X-ray irradiation can cause imbalance of the intestinal flora in rats; different doses of irradiation can cause different types of bacteria change. Representative bacteria can be selected as biomarkers for radiation damage and repair.This may contribute to the development of radiation resistance in the future.
Topics: Rats; Mice; Animals; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Microbiota; Bacteria; Gastrointestinal Tract; Firmicutes; Biomarkers; Bacteroidetes; Clostridiales; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 37527262
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286026 -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2023, an opportunistic pathogen of the urinary tract, is known for its dimorphism and mobility. A connection of lipid alterations, induced by the rods elongation process,...
, an opportunistic pathogen of the urinary tract, is known for its dimorphism and mobility. A connection of lipid alterations, induced by the rods elongation process, with enhanced pathogenicity of long-form morphotype for the development of urinary tract infections, seems highly probable. Therefore, research on the adjustment in the composition and organization of lipids forming elongated rods was undertaken. The analyses performed using the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry showed that drastic modifications in the morphology of rods that occur during the swarming process are directly related to deprivation of the long-form cells of PE 33:1 and PG 31:2 and their enrichment with PE 32:1, PE 34:1, PE 34:2, PG 30:2, PG 32:1, and PG 34:1. The analyses conducted by the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry showed negligible effects of the swarming process on fatty acids synthesis. However, the constant proportions between unsaturated and saturated fatty acids confirmed that phenotypic modifications in the rods induced by motility were independent of the saturation of the phospholipid tails. The method of the Förster resonance energy transfer revealed the influence of the swarming process on the melting of ordered lipid rafts present in the short-form rods, corresponding to the homogeneity of lipid bilayers in the long-form rods of . Confocal microscope photographs visualized strong Rhod-PE fluorescence of the whole area of swarmer cells, in contrast to weak membrane fluorescence of non-swarmer cells. It suggested an increased permeability of the bilayers in long-form rods morphologically adapted to the swarming process. These studies clearly demonstrate that swarming motility regulates the lipid composition and organization in rods.
Topics: Humans; Proteus mirabilis; Urinary Tract; Urinary Tract Infections; Chemical Phenomena; Lipids; Proteus Infections
PubMed: 38003652
DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216461 -
Open Veterinary Journal Feb 2024An increasing number of drugs are used each year in the treatment of small pets (cats and dogs), including medicines (cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones) used in human...
BACKGROUND
An increasing number of drugs are used each year in the treatment of small pets (cats and dogs), including medicines (cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones) used in human therapy.
AIM
The purpose of this study was to isolate and explore the antibiotic resistance of opportunistic Enterobacteriaceae (, ) from cats and dogs, and to isolate resistance genes in the microorganisms.
METHODS
In 2021, 808 samples of biological material from small domestic animals were collected in veterinary clinics in Kostanay. From these, 210 microorganisms were isolated and identified.
RESULTS
A large majority of the strains sampled belonged to 149 (70.9%), 11 (5.2%), 28 (13.3%), 12 (5.7%) and 10 isolates (4.8%). In all isolates identified, antibiotic resistance/sensitivity was determined by disc-diffusion method to ampicillin, cefoxitin, gentamicin, levomycetin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, cefoperazone, cefpodoxime, streptomycin, kanamycin, doxycycline, gemifloxacin, nalidixic acid, furazolidone, furadonine, amoxicillin, and enrofloxacin.
CONCLUSION
The study has demonstrated that the greatest number of Enterobacteriaceae were sensitive to the action of meropenem, which belongs to the group of beta-lactam antibiotics; resistance was demonstrated against tetracycline, doxycycline, ampicillin, amoxicillin, ofloxacin, and cefpodoxime. The most common genes encoding antimicrobial resistance were as follows: BlaTEM and OXA in 41 and 28 isolates, respectively, encoding resistance to beta-lactams; StrA and StrB in 45 and 48 isolates encoding aminoglycosides; and tetA and tetB in 43 and 28 isolates encoding tetracyclines. Obtained data demonstrate that uncontrolled and frequent use of beta-lactam and tetracycline antibacterials, in cats and dogs, results in the spread of genotypic resistance among micro-organisms of the family
Topics: Humans; Animals; Cats; Dogs; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Enterobacteriaceae; Escherichia coli; Tetracycline; Doxycycline; Prevalence; Kazakhstan; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; beta-Lactams; Ofloxacin; Ampicillin; Amoxicillin
PubMed: 38549569
DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i2.1 -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2023The aim of the study was the serological and structural characterization of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O antigen from Dm55 coming from the urine of a patient from...
The aim of the study was the serological and structural characterization of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O antigen from Dm55 coming from the urine of a patient from Lodz. The Dm55 LPS was recognized in ELISA only by the O54 antiserum, suggesting a serological distinction of the Dm55 O antigen from all the 84 LPS serotypes described. The obtained polyclonal rabbit serum against Dm55 reacted in ELISA and Western blotting with a few LPSs (including O54), but the reactions were weaker than those observed in the homologous system. The LPS of Dm55 was subjected to mild acid hydrolysis, and the obtained high-molecular-mass O polysaccharide was chemically studied using sugar and methylation analyses, mass spectrometry, and H and C NMR spectroscopy, including H,H NOESY, and H,C HMBC experiments. The Dm55 O unit is a branched three-saccharide, and its linear fragment contains α-GalNAc and β-Gal, whereas α-GlcNAc occupies a terminal position. The Dm55 OPS shares a disaccharide epitope with the O54 antigen. Due to the structural differences of the studied O antigen from the other described O polysaccharides, we propose to classify the Dm55 strain to a new O85 serogroup.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Rabbits; Lipopolysaccharides; Proteus mirabilis; Serogroup; O Antigens; Carbohydrate Sequence; Carbohydrates
PubMed: 38003613
DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216424 -
Microbiology Spectrum Feb 2024can transfer transposons, insertion sequences, and gene cassettes to the chromosomes of other hosts through SXT/R391 integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs),...
can transfer transposons, insertion sequences, and gene cassettes to the chromosomes of other hosts through SXT/R391 integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs), significantly increasing the possibility of antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) evolution and expanding the risk of ARGs transmission among bacteria. A total of 103 strains of were isolated from 25 farms in China from 2018 to 2020. The positive detection rate of SXT/R391 ICEs was 25.2% (26/103). All SXT/R391 ICEs positive exhibited a high level of overall drug resistance. Conjugation experiments showed that all 26 SXT/R391 ICEs could efficiently transfer to EC600 with a frequency of 2.0 × 10 to 6.0 × 10. The acquired ARGs, genetic structures, homology relationships, and conservation sequences of 26 (19 different subtypes) SXT/R391 ICEs were investigated by high-throughput sequencing, whole-genome typing, and phylogenetic tree construction. ICEChnHBRJC2 carries ), which have never been found within an SXT/R391 ICE in , and ICEChnSC1111 carries 19 ARGs, including clinically important , , and , making it the ICE with the most ARGs reported to date. Through genetic stability, growth curve, and competition experiments, it was found that the transconjugant of ICEChnSCNNC12 did not have a significant fitness cost on the recipient bacterium EC600 and may have a higher risk of transmission and dissemination. Although the transconjugant of ICEChnSCSZC20 had a relatively obvious fitness cost on EC600, long-term resistance selection pressure may improve bacterial fitness through compensatory adaptation, providing scientific evidence for risk assessment of horizontal transfer and dissemination of SXT/R391 ICEs in .IMPORTANCEThe spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is a major public health concern. The study investigated the prevalence and genetic diversity of integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) in , which can transfer ARGs to other hosts. The study found that all of the strains carrying ICEs exhibited a high level of drug resistance and a higher risk of transmission and dissemination of ARGs. The analysis of novel multidrug-resistant ICEs highlighted the potential for the evolution and spread of novel resistance mechanisms. These findings emphasize the importance of monitoring the spread of ICEs carrying ARGs and the urgent need for effective strategies to combat antibiotic resistance. Understanding the genetic diversity and potential for transmission of ARGs among bacteria is crucial for developing targeted interventions to mitigate the threat of antibiotic resistance.
Topics: Proteus mirabilis; Phylogeny; Conjugation, Genetic; Drug Resistance, Multiple; DNA Transposable Elements; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Escherichia coli; Risk Assessment
PubMed: 38197656
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01209-23 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2023Sous-vide is a process comprising vacuum-sealing food, heating it to the desired temperature, and circulating it in a water bath in a sous vide machine. This cooking...
Sous-vide is a process comprising vacuum-sealing food, heating it to the desired temperature, and circulating it in a water bath in a sous vide machine. This cooking technique is increasingly common in homes and catering establishments due to its simplicity and affordability. However, manufacturers and chef's recommendations for low-temperature and long-term sous-vide cooking in media raise food safety concerns, particularly when preparing beef tenderloin. In this study, was found to be inactivated by heat and sage essential oil (EO) in beef samples from that had been sous vide processed. To determine whether heat treatment was likely to increase the sous vide efficiency, . and sage EO were mixed. After being vacuum-packed and injected with , the samples were cooked at 50-65 °C through the sous vide technique for the prescribed time. On days 1, 3, and 6, the amounts of , total bacteria, and coliform bacteria were measured in the control and treated groups of beef processed sous vide. Mass spectrometry was used to identify bacterial isolates on different days. On each day that was measured, a higher number of all the microbiota was found in the samples exposed to 50 °C for 5 min. The most frequently isolated microorganisms from both groups of samples were (17%), (8%), and (8%); in the treated group, also (21%), (13%), and (6%). After the heat treatment of samples at 65 °C for 20 min, the total count of bacteria and coliform bacteria was zero. It has been shown that adding sage essential oil (EO) in combination with sous vide processing technique leads to the stabilization and safety of beef tenderloin.
PubMed: 38002229
DOI: 10.3390/foods12224172 -
Clinical Case Reports Oct 2023Proteus syndrome is a rare genetic disease characterized by an asymmetrical growth of individual parts of the body and has only been described in single cases. This...
Proteus syndrome is a rare genetic disease characterized by an asymmetrical growth of individual parts of the body and has only been described in single cases. This patient presented with recurrent manifestations of a laryngeal and hypopharyngeal lymphangioma, which were treated with laser surgery, systemic therapy, and sclerotherapy. The reported data depict the diagnosis and treatment in the department of otorhinolaryngology, head and neck surgery of the university hospital Heidelberg from 2019 until May 2023. The recurrent endoscopy of the upper airway was performed using a flexible HD-endoscope and the Visera Elite video tower from Olympus, Hamburg. The 29-year old female patient initially presented in February 2019 with stridor and exertional dyspnea due to a lymphatic malformation of the left larynx and hypopharynx. In April 2019 there was no improvement by sclerotherapy with Picibanil, so that systemic therapy with the PIK3CA inhibitor alpelisib was initiated (03-07/2020) and discontinued due to a high side effect profile. In the course of 2021-2023, three microlaryngoscopies with laser surgical resection and renewed sclerotherapy of the lymphangioma with Picibanil were carried out due to fluctuating findings. After these interventions a stable disease could be established until May 2023. Laser surgical therapy is currently described as the therapy of choice in lymphangiomas in the head and neck region and also showed the highest effectiveness in our patient. In case of airway obstruction in particular, it can bring rapid symptom relief. Alternatively, and with a lower surgical risk, local improvements have been reported by sclerotherapy, which was less effective in the presented case. Rare syndromic diseases require multidisciplinary collaboration. In the case of laryngeal lymphangiomatosis, other treatment options should be considered in addition to surgical excision, especially in the case of recurrence.
PubMed: 37854262
DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.8073 -
Microorganisms Nov 2023The intestinal bacteria of insects are crucial to the growth and development of the host. It has been found that various physiological processes of insects, such as...
The intestinal bacteria of insects are crucial to the growth and development of the host. It has been found that various physiological processes of insects, such as immune response, metabolism, reproductive ability, and growth and development, involve the gastrointestinal flora. However, many external factors affect the composition of insects' intestinal microorganisms, such as the type of dietary substrate. (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) is of great significance in medicine and forensic science. In this study, we investigated the effects of ciprofloxacin on the growth and gut microbiota of . The results demonstrated that the maximum body length of larvae was not affected by ciprofloxacin, while the growth rate of body length quickened as the concentration of the drug increased. The weight of the pupa and adult was reduced significantly due to the effect of ciprofloxacin. After analyzing the gut microbiota composition of in different drug groups, it was indicated that , , , , , and play important roles in the growth of . However, they still need to be further studied. In general, ciprofloxacin can affect the gut microbial community structure, which in turn affects the fitness of the host.
PubMed: 38138011
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122867