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Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences Nov 2023ChatGPT has sparked extensive discussions within the healthcare community since its November 2022 release. However, potential applications in the field of psychiatry... (Review)
Review
ChatGPT has sparked extensive discussions within the healthcare community since its November 2022 release. However, potential applications in the field of psychiatry have received limited attention. Deep learning has proven beneficial to psychiatry, and GPT is a powerful deep learning-based language model with immense potential for this field. Despite the convenience of ChatGPT, this advanced chatbot currently has limited practical applications in psychiatry. It may be used to support psychiatrists in routine tasks such as completing medical records, facilitating communications between clinicians and with patients, polishing academic writings and presentations, and programming and performing analyses for research. The current training and application of ChatGPT require using appropriate prompts to maximize appropriate outputs and minimize deleterious inaccuracies and phantom errors. Moreover, future GPT advances that incorporate empathy, emotion recognition, personality assessment, and detection of mental health warning signs are essential for its effective integration into psychiatric care. In the near future, developing a fully-automated psychotherapy system trained for expert communication (such as psychotherapy verbatim) is conceivable by building on foundational GPT technology. This dream system should integrate practical 'real world' inputs and friendly AI user and patient interfaces via clinically validated algorithms, voice comprehension/generation modules, and emotion discrimination algorithms based on facial expressions and physiological inputs from wearable devices. In addition to the technology challenges, we believe it is critical to establish generally accepted ethical standards for applying ChatGPT-related tools in all mental healthcare environments, including telemedicine and academic/training settings.
Topics: Humans; Psychiatry; Algorithms; Emotions; Empathy; Language
PubMed: 37612880
DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13588 -
The Australian and New Zealand Journal... Aug 2023The objective of this article was to provide an overview of the development and recommendations from the Australian evidence-based clinical practice guideline for... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this article was to provide an overview of the development and recommendations from the Australian evidence-based clinical practice guideline for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The guideline aims to promote accurate and timely identification and diagnosis, and optimal and consistent treatment of ADHD.
METHODS
Development integrated the best available evidence with multidisciplinary clinical expertise and the preferences of those with lived experience, underpinned by the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework. The 23 guideline development group members included psychiatrists, paediatricians, general practitioners, psychologists, speech pathologists, occupational therapists, educators, Indigenous psychologists, and people with a lived experience; with two independent chairs and a methodologist. Where appropriate, evidence reviews from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) 2018 'Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Diagnosis and Management' guideline were updated. Fifty prioritised clinical questions were addressed in 14 systematic reviews (new and updated from NICE 2018) and 28 narrative reviews.
RESULTS
The 113 clinical recommendations apply to young children (5 years and under), children, adolescents and adults. They provide guidance for clinicians on identification, screening, diagnosis, multimodal treatment and support, including pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. The guideline and supporting information are available online: https://adhdguideline.aadpa.com.au/.
CONCLUSIONS
The guideline was approved by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia and relevant medical and allied health professional associations. It is anticipated that successful implementation and uptake of the guideline by organisations, health care providers and other professionals will increase delivery of evidence-based treatment and improve health outcomes for the more than 800,000 Australians with ADHD.
Topics: Adult; Child; Adolescent; Humans; Child, Preschool; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Australia; Evidence-Based Practice; Psychiatry; General Practitioners
PubMed: 37254562
DOI: 10.1177/00048674231166329 -
Zeitschrift Fur Kinder- Und... Sep 2023
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Humans; Transgender Persons; Adolescent Psychiatry; Transsexualism
PubMed: 37681654
DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000943 -
Psychiatria Danubina Oct 2023The Dissociative Identity Disorder has undergone significant transformations over the years. Once regarded as a rare condition, it gained popularity in the 1980s in the...
The Dissociative Identity Disorder has undergone significant transformations over the years. Once regarded as a rare condition, it gained popularity in the 1980s in the United States following the publication of a book on the subject, only to subsequently wane due to extensive controversies. Presently, we are witnessing a resurgence of adolescents who believe they may be afflicted by this disorder. This article delves into the changes that have occurred since the initial surge in 1980, with a particular focus on the role of social media in the dissemination of Dissociative Identity Disorder. The concepts of Mass Social Media-Induced Illness and Munchausen's by Internet are explored to elucidate this phenomenon. Additionally, we examine the criteria essential for distinguishing imitative Dissociative Identity Disorder from genuine cases, with the aim of aiding accurate diagnosis by psychiatrists. Mental health professionals may encounter new challenges when assessing young adults whose presentations are influenced by social media, necessitating awareness of the impact of social media on the dissemination of certain disorders.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Dissociative Identity Disorder; Psychiatry; Dissociative Disorders
PubMed: 37800227
DOI: No ID Found -
Psychiatria Danubina Oct 2023Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a powerful tool in various fields, including psychiatry. This paper explores the potential of AI in the diagnosis, treatment,...
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a powerful tool in various fields, including psychiatry. This paper explores the potential of AI in the diagnosis, treatment, and understanding of psychiatric conditions. We delve into the role of AI in psychiatry, discussing its applications, challenges, and future directions. We explore how AI techniques such as classification, hypothesis generation, and prediction are being used in psychiatry, with a specific focus on the detection and prediction of psychiatric conditions. We also discuss the ethical considerations and challenges in implementing AI in psychiatry and look towards the future of AI in this field. The paper highlights the potential of AI to enhance our understanding of psychiatric conditions, improve patient care, and drive innovation in psychiatric research. However, it also underscores the need for robust ethical frameworks and stringent data protection measures to ensure the responsible and effective use of AI in psychiatry.
Topics: Humans; Artificial Intelligence; Psychiatry; Mental Disorders
PubMed: 37800199
DOI: No ID Found -
History of Psychiatry Dec 2023A new psychiatric institution emerged in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries: the psychopathic hospital. This institution represented a significant...
A new psychiatric institution emerged in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries: the psychopathic hospital. This institution represented a significant development in the history of psychiatry, as it marked the profession's reorientation from asylum-based to hospital-based care, and in this way presaged the deinstitutionalization movement that would begin half a century later. Psychopathic hospitals were also an important marker of psychiatry's efforts to redefine its professional boundaries and respond to its vociferous critics. This entailed both a rapprochement with general medicine in an effort to assert its scientific bona fides and a redefinition of its scope of practice to absorb non-certifiable 'borderland' cases in order both to emphasize non-coercive treatment and to enlarge the profession's boundaries.
Topics: Humans; Psychiatry; Hospitals, Psychiatric
PubMed: 37691414
DOI: 10.1177/0957154X231194910 -
History of Psychiatry Sep 2023Originally put forward to defend history from the encroachment of physics, the distinction between understanding and explanation was built into the foundations of Karl...
Originally put forward to defend history from the encroachment of physics, the distinction between understanding and explanation was built into the foundations of Karl Jaspers' 'phenomenological' psychiatry, and it is revised, used and defended by many still working in that tradition. On the face of it, this is rather curious. I examine what this notion of 'understanding' amounts to, why it entered and remains influential in psychiatry, and what insights for contemporary psychiatry are buried in the notion. I argue that it is unhelpfully associated with the view that the mental is epistemologically and methodologically autonomous, but that it nevertheless highlights an important lacuna in many views of psychiatry and the scientific study of humans more generally.
Topics: Humans; History, 20th Century; Psychiatry; Mental Disorders
PubMed: 37092812
DOI: 10.1177/0957154X231163275 -
Transcultural Psychiatry Oct 2023This issue of presents selected papers from the McGill Advanced Study Institute on "Cultural Poetics of Illness and Healing." The meeting addressed the cognitive...
This issue of presents selected papers from the McGill Advanced Study Institute on "Cultural Poetics of Illness and Healing." The meeting addressed the cognitive science of language, metaphor, and from embodied and enactivist perspectives; how cultural affordances, background knowledge, discourse, and practices enable and constrain poiesis; the cognitive and social poetics of symptom and illness experience; and the politics and practice of poetics in healing ritual, psychotherapy, and recovery. This introductory essay outlines an approach to illness experience and its transformation in healing practices that emphasizes embodied processes of metaphor as well as the social processes of self-construal and positioning through material and discursive engagements with the cultural affordances that constitute our local worlds. The approach has implications for theory building, training, and clinical practice in psychiatry.
Topics: Humans; Psychiatry; Disease; Culture
PubMed: 37933139
DOI: 10.1177/13634615231205544 -
Lakartidningen Apr 2024In the last 20 years there has been an increased interest in research on psychedelic compounds for treatment of psychiatric conditions such as depression, anxiety and... (Review)
Review
In the last 20 years there has been an increased interest in research on psychedelic compounds for treatment of psychiatric conditions such as depression, anxiety and substance use disorders. Despite existing treatments being efficacious for many patients, this is not the case for up to a third of the patients with depression. Additionally, treatments are often long and associated with side effects. This review focuses on the psychedelic compound psilocybin, a serotonin-2A-receptor agonist that has been seen to reduce depression and anxiety in patients after administration of only a single dose, with effects lasting several weeks. Recent findings from phase II studies suggest that psilocybin treatment for depression is safe and efficacious. A phase III study is currently recruiting. Whether psychedelics will become a part of standard healthcare remains to be seen, but findings do give rise to cautious optimism.
Topics: Humans; Hallucinogens; Psilocybin; Anxiety Disorders; Psychiatry
PubMed: 38572715
DOI: No ID Found -
Australasian Psychiatry : Bulletin of... Aug 2023Older Chinese people in New Zealand underutilise mental health services. Lack of recognition of mental health issues and awareness of available treatment is a potential...
OBJECTIVE
Older Chinese people in New Zealand underutilise mental health services. Lack of recognition of mental health issues and awareness of available treatment is a potential barrier to accessing care. This study investigated depression literacy in older Chinese people.
METHOD
A convenience sample of 67 older Chinese people were presented a depression vignette and completed a depression literacy questionnaire.
RESULTS
There was a good rate (71.6%) of depression recognition, but no participant chose taking medication as the best method of help. There was a notable level of stigma among participants.
CONCLUSION
Older Chinese people would benefit from information regarding mental health conditions and their interventions. Strategies to deliver this information and de-stigmatise mental illness in the Chinese community which incorporate cultural values may be beneficial.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Health Literacy; Mental Disorders; Social Stigma; Surveys and Questionnaires; Psychiatry
PubMed: 36802959
DOI: 10.1177/10398562231156683