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International Journal of Population... 2023Using data in research often requires that the data first be de-identified, particularly in the case of health data, which often include Personal Identifiable... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Using data in research often requires that the data first be de-identified, particularly in the case of health data, which often include Personal Identifiable Information (PII) and/or Personal Health Identifying Information (PHII). There are established procedures for de-identifying structured data, but de-identifying clinical notes, electronic health records, and other records that include free text data is more complex. Several different ways to achieve this are documented in the literature. This scoping review identifies categories of de-identification methods that can be used for free text data.
METHODS
We adopted an established scoping review methodology to examine review articles published up to May 9, 2022, in Ovid MEDLINE; Ovid Embase; Scopus; the ACM Digital Library; IEEE Explore; and Compendex. Our research question was: What methods are used to de-identify free text data? Two independent reviewers conducted title and abstract screening and full-text article screening using the online review management tool Covidence.
RESULTS
The initial literature search retrieved 3,312 articles, most of which focused primarily on structured data. Eighteen publications describing methods of de-identification of free text data met the inclusion criteria for our review. The majority of the included articles focused on removing categories of personal health information identified by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). The de-identification methods they described combined rule-based methods or machine learning with other strategies such as deep learning.
CONCLUSION
Our review identifies and categorises de-identification methods for free text data as rule-based methods, machine learning, deep learning and a combination of these and other approaches. Most of the articles we found in our search refer to de-identification methods that target some or all categories of PHII. Our review also highlights how de-identification systems for free text data have evolved over time and points to hybrid approaches as the most promising approach for the future.
Topics: Confidentiality; Data Anonymization; Electronic Health Records; Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act; Health Records, Personal; Review Literature as Topic; United States
PubMed: 38414537
DOI: 10.23889/ijpds.v8i1.2153 -
Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi = Turkish... 2023
Topics: Humans; Artificial Intelligence; Reproducibility of Results; Psychiatry; Mental Health; Risk Factors
PubMed: 37357892
DOI: 10.5080/u27365 -
IScience Nov 2023LEAP-2 is a ghrelin antagonist with an anorexigenic drive. This study investigates the evolution of plasma ghrelin and LEAP-2 concentrations in 29 patients with anorexia...
LEAP-2 is a ghrelin antagonist with an anorexigenic drive. This study investigates the evolution of plasma ghrelin and LEAP-2 concentrations in 29 patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) before and after refeeding and compares it to physiological adaptations during fasting in healthy controls or to mouse model of chronic food restriction and refeeding. Acute and chronic food restriction decrease LEAP-2 and increase ghrelin concentrations in both humans and mice, while patients with AN displayed higher ghrelin and LEAP-2 concentrations before than after refeeding (p = 0.043). After 6 months follow-up, patients with unstable weight gain (n = 17) had significantly decreased LEAP-2 concentrations after refeeding (p = 0.044), in contrast to patients with stable weight gain (n = 12). We provide evidence that the ghrelin/LEAP-2 system is not regulated according to the nutritional status in AN, in contrast to what is physiologically expected when coping with food restriction.
PubMed: 37867951
DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107996 -
Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria (Sao... 2023
Professor Ellis Alindo D'Arrigo Busnello: a humanist and a scientist with a passion for psychiatry and psychopathology. A great mentor of Brazilian scientific postgraduate programs in psychiatry.
Topics: Humans; Brazil; Mentors; Psychiatry; Psychopathology; Mental Disorders
PubMed: 37718466
DOI: 10.47626/1516-4446-2023-3332 -
Psychiatry Research Sep 2023Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic and severe psychiatric disorder associated with significant medical morbidity and reduced life expectancy. In this study, we assessed...
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic and severe psychiatric disorder associated with significant medical morbidity and reduced life expectancy. In this study, we assessed accelerated epigenetic aging in individuals with BD using various DNA methylation (DNAm)-based markers. For this purpose, we used five epigenetic clocks (Horvath, Hannum, EN, PhenoAge, and GrimAge) and a DNAm-based telomere length clock (DNAmTL). DNAm profiles were obtained using Infinium MethylationEPIC Arrays from whole-blood samples of 184 individuals with BD. We also estimated blood cell counts based on DNAm levels for adjustment. Significant correlations between chronological age and each epigenetic age estimated using the six different clocks were observed. Following adjustment for blood cell counts, we found that the six epigenetic AgeAccels (age accelerations) were significantly associated with the body mass index. GrimAge AgeAccel was significantly associated with male sex, smoking status and childhood maltreatment. DNAmTL AgeAccel was significantly associated with smoking status. Overall, this study showed that distinct epigenetic clocks are sensitive to different aspects of aging process in BD. Further investigations with comprehensive epigenetic clock analyses and large samples are required to confirm our findings of potential determinants of an accelerated epigenetic aging in BD.
Topics: Humans; Male; Bipolar Disorder; Epigenesis, Genetic; Aging; DNA Methylation; Smoking
PubMed: 37542794
DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115373 -
Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria (Sao... 2023
Topics: Humans; Brazil; Psychiatry
PubMed: 37718467
DOI: 10.47626/1516-4446-2023-0053 -
Annals of Palliative Medicine May 2024Palliative psychiatry has been proposed as a new clinical construct within mental health care and aims to improve quality of life (QoL) for individuals experiencing...
BACKGROUND
Palliative psychiatry has been proposed as a new clinical construct within mental health care and aims to improve quality of life (QoL) for individuals experiencing severe and persistent mental illness (SPMI). To date, explorations of palliative psychiatry have been largely theoretical, and more work is needed to develop its approaches into tangible clinical practice.
METHODS
In this paper, we synthesize existing literature with discussions held at a one-day knowledge user meeting titled "A Community of Practice for Palliative Psychiatry" to generate priorities for research, clinical practice, and education that will help advance the development of palliative psychiatry.
RESULTS
Palliative psychiatry will benefit from research that is co-produced by people with lived experience (PWLE) of mental illness, that clarifies contested concepts within mental health care and wider medicine, and that adapts existing interventions that have the potential to improve the QoL of individuals experiencing SPMI into the mental health care context. Specific methods and tools might be developed for use in clinical spaces taking a palliative psychiatry approach. More work must be done to understand the populations that might benefit from palliative psychiatry, and to mitigate mental health care providers' (MHCPs') anxieties about using these approaches in their work. As palliative psychiatry is developed, current MHCPs, trainees, individuals experiencing SPMI, and their loved ones will all require education about and orientation to this novel approach within mental health care.
CONCLUSIONS
There are several priorities in research, clinical practice, and education that can help advance the development of palliative psychiatry. All future work must be considered through a human rights-based, anti-oppressive lens. Research projects, clinical models, and educational initiatives should all be developed in co-production with PWLE to mitigate the epistemic injustices common in mental health care.
Topics: Humans; Palliative Care; Psychiatry; Mental Disorders; Quality of Life; Research
PubMed: 38769803
DOI: 10.21037/apm-23-471 -
Australasian Psychiatry : Bulletin of... Oct 2023Psychiatric cover for healthcare staffing shortfalls is increasingly common post-pandemic. We aim to provide comprehensive practical advice on providing temporary...
OBJECTIVE
Psychiatric cover for healthcare staffing shortfalls is increasingly common post-pandemic. We aim to provide comprehensive practical advice on providing temporary inpatient or outpatient cover as a psychiatrist, based on the authors' clinical experience and the existing research literature.
CONCLUSIONS
There is limited peer-reviewed advice available on providing safe and effective temporary psychiatric consultant cover for patient care. We suggest a framework for reviewing the potential hazards and benefits of a temporary post, and planning for the role, guided by consideration of the following: caring for patients, supporting staff, working with peers, and understanding local healthcare systems and the local regulatory environment. Application of this reflective framework is informed by the psychiatrist's assessment of the temporary role, and consideration of the local service conditions.
Topics: Humans; Psychiatry; Inpatients; Peer Group
PubMed: 37424206
DOI: 10.1177/10398562231188264 -
Psychiatria Danubina Oct 2023The pathological entity to which the term "burnout" refers is not clear, although the phenomenon exists. This article aims to clarify the professional and social origins...
BACKGROUND
The pathological entity to which the term "burnout" refers is not clear, although the phenomenon exists. This article aims to clarify the professional and social origins of burnout by confronting the philosophers who have analyzed the concept of work and the modern society to scientific literature.
SUBJECT AND METHOD
The master thesis of Manguelinckx M. served as a starting point for the review of the scientific literature because it tends to understand the concept of burnout based on recent articles from Google Scholar, Discovery-libellule, Pubmed and Mediquality. The philsophers mobilized are: Karl Marx, Hannah Arendt and Bernard Stiegler.
RESULTS
There is heterogeneity in the definition of burnout, its causes and its symptoms. The diagnosis is established in several ways but most of the time, the exhaustion component suffices for diagnosis. Karl Marx describes work as alienating when the person executes repetitively an elementary task imposed on him. Hannah Arendt shows that at work, modern human performs these tasks in a stereotypical way and rarely thinks about their ethical consequences. Modern society transforms humans into consumers and provokes their instrumentalization. Bernard Stiegler shows that at work, the digital dispossesses the human from his know-how. The spread of digitalisation in all fields of life is hampering human autonomy and singularity, the dialogue between generations, friendship and family relationships.
CONCLUSION
The professional and social changes caused by modernity can explain the causes, risk factors and symptoms of burnout. They do not respect the authentically human fulfillment, and seem to "mistreat" humans. It is mandatory to study the links between these mutations and their psychological impact on human. For this, psychiatry must open up to other disciplines. A dialogue between psychiatrists and social and political actors is required.
Topics: Humans; Male; Burnout, Professional; Mental Disorders; Occupations; Psychiatry; Risk Factors
PubMed: 37800210
DOI: No ID Found -
European Psychiatry : the Journal of... Oct 2023Despite efforts toward greater gender equality in clinical and academic psychiatry in recent years, more information is needed about the challenges in professional...
BACKGROUND
Despite efforts toward greater gender equality in clinical and academic psychiatry in recent years, more information is needed about the challenges in professional development within psychiatry, and how these may vary with gender.
METHODS
A cross-sectional 27-item online survey was conducted with psychiatrists and psychiatric trainee members of the European Psychiatric Association.
RESULTS
A total of 561 psychiatrists and psychiatric trainees from 35 European countries participated representing a response rate of 52.8% for women and 17.7% for men from a total sample of 1,580. The specific challenges that women face in their professional development fall into two categories. One comprised women's negative attitudes concerning their abilities in self-promotion and networking. The other identified environmental barriers related to lack of opportunity and support and gender discrimination. Compared to men, women reported higher rates of gender discrimination in terms of professional advancement. Women were less likely to agree that their institutions had regular activities promoting inclusion, diversity, and training to address implicit gender bias. Working in high-income countries compared to middle-income countries relates to reporting institutional support for career progression.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings are an open call to hospital leaders, deans of medical schools, and department chairs to increase efforts to eradicate bias against women and create safer, inclusive, and respectful environments for all psychiatrists, a special call to women psychiatrists to be aware of inner tendencies to avoid self-promotion and networking and to think positively and confidently about themselves and their abilities.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Sexism; Cross-Sectional Studies; Psychiatry; Schools, Medical; Awareness
PubMed: 37848403
DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.2462