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International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2023Cold stress is among the most important environmental factors reducing the yield of crops. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of increasing cold stress...
Cold stress is among the most important environmental factors reducing the yield of crops. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of increasing cold stress conditions on winter oilseed rape polyamines, proline, and ethylene metabolism in acclimated and non-acclimated winter oilseed rape. This study was carried out under controlled conditions in the laboratory. The winter oilseed rape hybrid 'Visby' was used in the experiment. Acclimated and non-acclimated plants were subjected to a two-day-long increasing cold (from -1 °C to -3 °C) treatment. HPTLC, RT-qPCR, spectral analysis, and gas chromatography methods were used to analyse the levels of polyamines, gene expression, proline, and ethylene, respectively. This study showed a decrease in putrescine, spermidine, and spermine content during cold acclimation and a decrease in putrescine and spermidine levels at sub-zero temperatures. There were intensive changes in ADC2 gene expression, proline, and ethylene levels in non-acclimated plants: a substantial increase after exposure to -1 °C temperature and a sharp decrease after exposure to -3 °C temperature. The changes in these parameters were lower or absent in acclimated plants. The phenomena observed in this study add new insights to the knowledge about the plant stress response and suggest questions to be answered in the future.
Topics: Polyamines; Spermidine; Putrescine; Proline; Cold Temperature; Brassica napus
PubMed: 37511158
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411402 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2023The therapeutic effectiveness of current neurodegenerative disease treatments is still under debate because of problems with bioavailability and a range of side effects....
The therapeutic effectiveness of current neurodegenerative disease treatments is still under debate because of problems with bioavailability and a range of side effects. Fungi, which are increasingly recognized as sources of natural antioxidants and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme inhibitors, may thus serve as potent neuroprotective agents. Previous studies have associated the anti-AChE and antioxidant activities of fungi mostly with polysaccharides and phenolic compounds, while other secondary metabolites such as polyamines (PAs) have been neglected. This study aimed to investigate eight edible and medicinal fungi from Serbia, marking the initial investigation into the neuroprotective capabilities of , , , and . Neuroprotective activity was examined using the Ellman assay, while the antioxidant capacity was tested by conducting DPPH, NO, ABTS, and FRAP tests. PA levels were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with fluorescent detection. and exhibited the most robust anti-AChE (98.05 ± 0.83% and 99.94 ± 3.10%, respectively) and antioxidant activities, attributed to the synergistic effects of the total protein, total phenolic, and PA levels. Furthermore, displayed significant AChE inhibition (88.21 ± 4.76%), primarily linked to the elevated spermidine (SPD) (62.98 ± 3.19 mg/kg d.w.) and putrescine (PUT) levels (55.87 ± 3.16 mg/kg d.w.). Our results highlight the need for thorough research to comprehend the intricate relationships between distinct fungus species and AChE inhibition. However, it is important to recognize that more research is required to identify the precise substances causing the reported inhibitory effects.
PubMed: 38248931
DOI: 10.3390/jof10010021 -
Food Science & Nutrition Aug 2023Soybean paste was a traditional fermented product in northeast China, mainly fermented by molds, yeast, , and lactic acid bacteria. In this study, the safety and...
Soybean paste was a traditional fermented product in northeast China, mainly fermented by molds, yeast, , and lactic acid bacteria. In this study, the safety and fermentation ability of lactic acid bacteria and yeast strains isolated from traditional soybean paste in northeast China were evaluated, and the dynamic changes of biogenic amines, aflatoxin, total acids, amino acid nitrogen, and volatile compounds were investigated during the fermentation of the traditional soybean paste. Among the tested strains, DPUL-J8 could decompose putrescine by 100%, and no biogenic amine was produced by DPUY-J8. DPUL-J8 and DPUY-J8 with strong biogenic amine degrading capacities were inoculated into the soybean paste. After 30 days of fermentation, the content of biogenic amines and aflatoxin in the fermented soybean paste declined by more than 60% and 50%, respectively. At the same time, compared with the control group without inoculation, the contents of total acid (1.29 ± 0.05 g/100 g), amino acid nitrogen (0.82 ± 0.01 g/100 g), and volatile compounds in soybean paste fermented by DPUL-J8 and DPUY-J8 were significantly increased, which had a good flavor. These results indicated that the use of DPUL-J8 and DPUY-J8 as starter cultures for soybean paste might be a good strategy to improve the safety and flavor of traditional Chinese soybean paste.
PubMed: 37576040
DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3372 -
Food Technology and Biotechnology Mar 2024Ageing is a biochemical, metabolic and genetic physiological phenomenon. The suppression of melanin biosynthesis, evident in the greying of the hair, is a hallmark of...
RESEARCH BACKGROUND
Ageing is a biochemical, metabolic and genetic physiological phenomenon. The suppression of melanin biosynthesis, evident in the greying of the hair, is a hallmark of ageing resulting from translation failure, reduced enzyme activity and cellular senescence. Putrescine, the smallest member of the polyamine family and an organic chemical, is present in living mammalian cells and plays a crucial role in regulating skin melanogenesis. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the effect of putrescine on the signalling pathways of melanogenesis in melanoma cells.
EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH
Melanin production capacity of putrescine was analysed using a tyrosinase activity assay. To assess the cell viability of B16F1 cells exposed to putrescine, a tetrazolium dye MTT assay was performed. The effect of putrescine on melanin synthesis in the presence of HO was evaluated using various assays in B16F1 cells. The effect of putrescine on melanin production in B16F1 cells was determined using a specific melanin production assay. Gene expression was analysed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Furthermore, the effect of putrescine on the expression of proteins related to melanin production in the cells treated with HO was analysed by immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS
Putrescine increased tyrosinase activity and showed no cytotoxicity in B16F1 cells. In addition, putrescine effectively scavenged HO, as shown by the reduction of intracellular HO amounts in 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate analysis, and promoted melanin production in living cells. The stimulation of melanogenesis by putrescine was attributed to the increased expression of , , and genes. Immunofluorescence assays revealed that putrescine enhanced the expression of proteins associated with melanogenesis and upregulated TYR, TRP-1 and TRP-2 the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and increased the expression of methionine sulfoxide reductases A (MSRA) and B (MSRB) in the cells treated with HO, effectively promoting melanogenesis. These results suggest that putrescine can be used to stimulate melanin synthesis.
NOVELTY AND SCIENTIFIC CONTRIBUTION
This is the first study to investigate the effect of putrescine on the signalling pathways of melanogenesis in B16F1 melanoma cells. The results confirm that putrescine can promote melanogenesis through the expression of TYR, TRP-1 and TRP-2 the MITF in cells treated with HO. Putrescine can be used exclusively as a cosmetic product to prevent premature greying of hair.
PubMed: 38601964
DOI: 10.17113/ftb.62.01.24.8120 -
Microbiology Spectrum Dec 2023is a newly identified plant bacterial pathogen with a wide host range. A clear understanding of the cell-to-cell communication systems that modulate the bacterial...
is a newly identified plant bacterial pathogen with a wide host range. A clear understanding of the cell-to-cell communication systems that modulate the bacterial virulence is of key importance for elucidating its pathogenic mechanisms and for disease control. In this study, we present evidence that putrescine molecules from the pathogen and host plants play an essential role in regulating the bacterial virulence. The significance of this study is in (i) demonstrating that putrescine signaling system regulates virulence mainly through modulating the bacterial motility and production of PCWD enzymes, (ii) outlining the signaling and regulatory mechanisms with which putrescine signaling system modulates the above virulence traits, and (iii) validating that could use both arginine and ornithine pathways to synthesize putrescine signals. To our knowledge, this is the first report to show that putrescine signaling system plays a key role in modulating the pathogenicity of .
Topics: Polyamines; Virulence; Putrescine; Enterobacteriaceae; Plants
PubMed: 37874149
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01965-23 -
Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and... Dec 2023Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), the first rate-limiting enzyme in polyamine synthesis, has emerged as a therapeutic target for cancer and Alzheimer's disease (AD). To...
Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), the first rate-limiting enzyme in polyamine synthesis, has emerged as a therapeutic target for cancer and Alzheimer's disease (AD). To inhibit ODC, α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an irreversible ODC inhibitor, has been widely used. However, due to its poor pharmacokinetics, the need for discovery of better ODC inhibitors is inevitable. For high-throughput screening (HTS) of ODC inhibitors, an ODC enzyme assay using supramolecular tandem assay has been introduced. Nevertheless, there has been no study utilising the ODC tandem assay for HTS, possibly due to its intolerability to dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), a common amphipathic solvent used for drug libraries. Here we report a DMSO-tolerant ODC tandem assay in which DMSO-dependent fluorescence quenching becomes negligible by separating enzyme reaction and putrescine detection. Furthermore, we optimised human cell-line-based mass production of ODC for HTS. Our newly developed assay can be a crucial first step in discovering more effective ODC modulators than DFMO.
Topics: Humans; Ornithine Decarboxylase; High-Throughput Screening Assays; Dimethyl Sulfoxide; Biological Assay; Putrescine
PubMed: 36451618
DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2150186 -
GeroScience Feb 2024Deteriorations in slow wave sleep (SWS) have been linked to brain aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD), possibly due to its key role in clearance of amyloid-beta and tau...
Deteriorations in slow wave sleep (SWS) have been linked to brain aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD), possibly due to its key role in clearance of amyloid-beta and tau (Aß/tau), two pathogenic hallmarks of AD. Spermidine administration has been shown to improve sleep quality in animal models. So far, the association between spermidine levels in humans and parameters of SWS physiology are unknown but may be valuable for therapeutic strategies. Data from 216 participants (age range 50-81 years) of the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania TREND were included in our analysis. We investigated associations between spermidine plasma levels, key parameters of sleep macroarchitecture and microarchitecture that were previously associated with AD pathology, and brain health measured via a marker of structural brain atrophy (AD score). Higher spermidine levels were significantly associated with lower coupling between slow oscillations and spindle activity. No association was evident for SWS, slow oscillatory, and spindle activity throughout non-rapid eye movement sleep. Furthermore, elevated spermidine blood levels were significantly associated with a higher AD score, while sleep markers revealed no association with AD score. The association between higher spermidine levels and brain health was not mediated by coupling between slow oscillations and spindle activity. We report that higher spermidine blood levels are associated not only with deteriorated brain health but also with less advantageous markers of sleep quality in older adults. Future studies need to evaluate whether sleep, spermidine, and Aß/tau deposition are interrelated and whether sleep may play a mediating role.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Spermidine; Sleep; Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Brain
PubMed: 37548882
DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00886-3 -
Clinical and Translational Medicine Apr 2024
Topics: Humans; Astrocytes; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Brain Diseases
PubMed: 38558537
DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1642 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2023Fermented shrimp paste is a popular food in Asian countries. However, biogenic amines (BAs) are a typically associated hazard commonly found during the fermentation of...
Fermented shrimp paste is a popular food in Asian countries. However, biogenic amines (BAs) are a typically associated hazard commonly found during the fermentation of shrimp paste and pose a food-safety danger. In this work, an autochthonic salt-tolerant TS ( TS) strain was used as a starter culture for grasshopper sub shrimp paste fermentation. It was found that with the starter culture, putrescine, cadaverine, and histamine concentrations were significantly lower ( < 0.05) with a maximal reduction of 19.20%, 14.01%, and 28.62%, respectively. According to high-throughput sequencing data, TS could change the interactions between species and reduce the abundance of bacterial genera positively associated with BAs, therefore inhibiting the BA accumulation during shrimp paste fermentation. Moreover, the volatile compounds during the fermentation process were also assessed by HS-SPME-GC-MS. With the starter added, the content of pyrazines increased, while the off-odor amines decreased. The odor of the shrimp paste was successfully improved. These results indicate that TS can be used as an appropriate starter culture for improving the safety and quality of grasshopper sub shrimp paste.
PubMed: 37569102
DOI: 10.3390/foods12152833 -
Advanced Science (Weinheim,... Jun 2024The inflammatory response is a key factor affecting tissue regeneration. Inspired by the immunomodulatory role of spermidine, an injectable double network hydrogel...
The inflammatory response is a key factor affecting tissue regeneration. Inspired by the immunomodulatory role of spermidine, an injectable double network hydrogel functionalized with spermidine (DN-SPD) is developed, where the first and second networks are formed by dynamic imine bonds and non-dynamic photo-crosslinked bonds respectively. The single network hydrogel before photo-crosslinking exhibits excellent injectability and thus can be printed and photo-crosslinked in situ to form double network hydrogels. DN-SPD hydrogel has demonstrated desirable mechanical properties and tissue adhesion. More importantly, an "operando" comparison of hydrogels loaded with spermidine or diethylenetriamine (DETA), a sham molecule resembling spermidine, has shown similar physical properties, but quite different biological functions. Specifically, the outcomes of 3 sets of in vivo animal experiments demonstrate that DN-SPD hydrogel can not only reduce inflammation caused by implanted exogenous biomaterials and reactive oxygen species but also promote the polarization of macrophages toward regenerative M2 phenotype, in comparison with DN-DETA hydrogel. Moreover, the immunoregulation by spermidine can also translate into faster and more natural healing of both acute wounds and diabetic wounds. Hence, the local administration of spermidine affords a simple but elegant approach to attenuate foreign body reactions induced by exogenous biomaterials to treat chronic refractory wounds.
Topics: Spermidine; Animals; Wound Healing; Hydrogels; Inflammation; Mice; Disease Models, Animal; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Male; Biocompatible Materials
PubMed: 38602439
DOI: 10.1002/advs.202310162