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Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Oct 2023Maintenance doses for allergen immunotherapy (AIT) have been recommended for at least 3 years but little data on long-term efficacy is available depending on AIT...
BACKGROUND
Maintenance doses for allergen immunotherapy (AIT) have been recommended for at least 3 years but little data on long-term efficacy is available depending on AIT duration. To show sustained efficacy 10 years after completion of treatment with depigmented-polymerized house dust mite (dpg-pol HDM) allergen extract in adults with asthma and/or rhinoconjunctivitis.
METHODS
Patients included in a double-blind placebo-controlled AIT study with dpg-pol HDM allergen extract were reviewed at completion of the perennial treatment and 10-year follow-up (10y-FU). Change in symptom and rescue medication score was the primary objective. Visual analog scale (VAS), asthma control test (ACT), and degree of disease control were the secondary objectives. A comparative analysis between patients who underwent AIT treatment for <3 years and ≥3 years was performed.
RESULTS
Data from 31 patients (mean age 38 years) were available at 10y-FU. All had asthma and 29 had rhinoconjunctivitis at baseline. Twenty-three patients were treated ≥3 years and 8 for <3 years. Seventeen (55%) patients were asymptomatic at completion of AIT, with significant differences for nasal, conjunctival, and bronchial symptoms (p < .0001) compared with baseline only in those patients treated ≥3 years. Nine (52.9%) patients remained completely asymptomatic at 10y-FU, all were treated for ≥3 years. Moreover, significant reduction in the number of patients with rhinitis (p = .0117), conjunctivitis (p < .0001), and bronchial (p = .0005) symptoms was observed at 10y-FU compared with baseline only in the ≥3 years treated. Ten (32.3%) patients did not require any rescue medication at 10y-FU, all had been treated for ≥3 years. ACT at 10y-FU showed a good control of asthma (median 23.5; 95% IC[22.0, 25.0]). No significant differences were observed between VAS at end of treatment compared with VAS at 10y-FU.
CONCLUSIONS
Sustained clinical efficacy is achieved 10 years after completion of depigmented-polymerized HDM, however, these findings were observed only if patients are treated for at least 3 years.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Humans; Allergens; Asthma; Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus; Desensitization, Immunologic; Follow-Up Studies; Pyroglyphidae; Rhinitis, Allergic; Double-Blind Method
PubMed: 37904678
DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1004 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Oct 2023Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease that has been associated with insufficient vegetable intake. Allyl Isothiocyanate (AITC) is a natural isothiocyanate found in...
Allyl isothiocyanate mitigates airway inflammation and constriction in a house dust mite-induced allergic asthma model via upregulation of tight junction proteins and the TRPA1 modulation.
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease that has been associated with insufficient vegetable intake. Allyl Isothiocyanate (AITC) is a natural isothiocyanate found in cruciferous plants with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant abilities. Our study aimed to investigate the potential effect of AITC on tracheal constriction in a house dust mite (HDM)-induced asthma animal model, and explore the underlying mechanisms. To investigate the effects of AITC on HDM-induced allergic asthma model, established by intranasally administering extracts of HDM and AITC or DEX was given orally for four weeks. Flexivent SCIREQ, H&E staining, ELISA were employed to evaluate the lung function and the cytokine secretion. Possible mechanisms were determined by Western blot. Rat tracheae contraction was measured by Labscribe. We utilized lung epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) to assess the adhesion response to the combination of inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-4. The results of the study showed that AITC significantly reduced tracheal constriction in ex vivo experiments and improved lung function in in vivo experiments compared to HDM-induced mice. Additionally, AITC decreased cytokine secretion, inflammatory cell infiltration in the lung, and constriction-related proteins expression in both lung and tracheae. Moreover, AITC increased tight junction-related protein expression in lung tissues. In vitro experiments showed that AITC had a protective effect through TRPA1 channel without affecting cell viability. Our results demonstrate that AITC has potential anti-asthma effects in HDM-induced asthma models by alleviating airway inflammation and airway constriction through increasing tight junction-related protein expression and suppressing Ca signaling. These findings suggest that AITC may be a beneficial adjuvant therapy in asthma treatment.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Mice; Pyroglyphidae; Up-Regulation; Constriction; Isothiocyanates; Asthma; Constriction, Pathologic; Inflammation
PubMed: 37634475
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115334 -
Turkiye Parazitolojii Dergisi Sep 2023This study was carried out to detect house dust mites in houses and to investigate group 1 antigens of Dermatophagoid species in Ordu, Giresun, Trabzon and Rize...
OBJECTIVE
This study was carried out to detect house dust mites in houses and to investigate group 1 antigens of Dermatophagoid species in Ordu, Giresun, Trabzon and Rize provinces of the Central and Eastern Black Sea Region.
METHODS
Dust samples obtained from the beds were subjected to both microscopic and antigenic examination. Samples prepared by the lactic acid method for microscopic examination were evaluated under a light microscope. Antigenic analysis was performed by investigating Der p 1 and Der f 1 belonging to and by ELISA test.
RESULTS
90.3% of the dust samples were evaluated positive by microscopic examination (10x, 40x) and 149 mites were detected. 74%, 13%, spp. growth forms 5%, spp. 1%, 1%, 1%, 1%, 1% and unidentified mites were detected at the rate of 3% respectively. Der p 1 antigen was detected in 93% and Der f 1 antigen in 84.7%. The highest amount of antigen detected in one gram of powder was 1,272 μg for Der p 1 and 0,482 μg for Der f 1.
CONCLUSION
No difference was observed between mite species and distribution in the provinces where the study was conducted (p<0.05). Dermatophagoides were found in 93% of the population. The low (4%) rate of storage/food mites is related to the fact that samples were not taken from the floors. Antigen accumulation may be important in the beds since the activity of the mites is observed throughout the year in temperate and humid regions. It is thought that this diagnosis method can be used and can be taken into account in terms of the environments in which sensitive people live.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Pyroglyphidae; Prevalence; Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus; Dust
PubMed: 37724368
DOI: 10.4274/tpd.galenos.2023.35744 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2023Mites are mass-cultured to manufacture allergen extracts for allergy diagnostics and therapeutic treatment. This study focused on characterizing the growth, the allergen...
Mites are mass-cultured to manufacture allergen extracts for allergy diagnostics and therapeutic treatment. This study focused on characterizing the growth, the allergen profile, and the microbiome of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus cultures. Mite population, protein profile, total protein content and major allergen levels (Der p 1, Der p 2, Der p 23) were monitored at different times of three independent cultures. The allergenicity was studied by immunoblot using a pool of sera from allergic patients. Mite microbiome was characterized by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene from 600 adult mites from the last day of the culture. Endotoxin content was also analyzed. The cultures had a fast and unrelenting evolution. Mite density, total protein content, major allergen levels and the allergenicity were increased progressively during the cultures. Regarding the microbiome studies, the results confirm the presence of non-pathogenic bacteria, being firmicutes and actinobacteria the most common bacterial taxa, with a very low content of Gram-negative bacteria and endotoxin content. The allergenicity and levels of the main allergens in the mite cultures are objective methods useful to monitor the mite culture that help to produce standardized allergen extracts. The high presence of Gram-positive bacteria found limits the possibility for vaccine contamination by bacterial endotoxins.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Humans; Allergens; Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Hypersensitivity; Endotoxins; Microbiota
PubMed: 37391439
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37045-9 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2024Environmental pollutants are closely linked to lung cancer. The different types of environmental pollutants can be classified as chemical, physical, and biological. The... (Review)
Review
Environmental pollutants are closely linked to lung cancer. The different types of environmental pollutants can be classified as chemical, physical, and biological. The roles of common chemical and physical pollutants such as PM2.5, smoking, radon, asbestos, and formaldehyde in lung cancer have been extensively studied. Notably, the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic raised awareness of the strong link between biological pollution and human health. Allergens such as house dust mites and pollen, as well as bacteria and viruses, are common biological pollutants. A few biological pollutants have been reported to promote lung cancer via inducing inflammatory cytokines secretion, such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TGF-β, as well as suppressing immunosurveillance by upregulating regulatory T (Treg) cells while dampening the function of CD8 T cells and dendritic cells. However, the correlation between common biological hazards, such as SARS-CoV-2, human immunodeficiency viruses, , and house dust mites, and lung cancer is not fully elucidated, and the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Moreover, the majority of studies that have been performed in lung cancer and biological carcinogens were not based on the perspective of biological pollutants, which has challenged the systematicity and coherence in the field of biological pollutants in lung cancer. Here, in addition to reviewing the recent progress made in investigating the roles of allergens, viruses, and bacteria in lung cancer, we summarized the potential mechanisms underlying biological pollutants in lung cancer. Our narrative review can shed light on understanding the significance of biological pollutants in lung cancer, as well as inspire and broaden research ideas on lung cancer etiology.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Environmental Pollutants; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Pandemics; Allergens; Pyroglyphidae
PubMed: 38542056
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25063081 -
Pharmaceutical Biology Dec 2024Asthma presents a global health challenge. The main pharmacotherapy is synthetic chemicals and biological-based drugs that are costly, and have significant side effects....
CONTEXT
Asthma presents a global health challenge. The main pharmacotherapy is synthetic chemicals and biological-based drugs that are costly, and have significant side effects. In contrast, use of natural products, such as onion ( L., Amaryllidaceae) in the treatment of airway diseases has increased world-wide because of their perceived efficacy and little safety concerns. However, their pharmacological actions remain largely uncharacterized.
OBJECTIVE
We investigated whether onion bulb extract (OBE) can (1) reverse established asthma phenotype (therapeutic treatment) and/or (2) prevent the development of the asthma phenotype, if given before the immunization process (preventative treatment).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Six groups of male Balb/c mice were established for the therapeutic (21 days) and five groups for the preventative (19 days) treatment protocols; including PBS and house dust mite (HDM)-challenged mice treated with vehicle or OBE (30, 60, and 100 mg/kg/i.p.). Airways inflammation was determined using cytology, histology, immunofluorescence, Western blot, and serum IgE.
RESULTS
Therapeutic (60 mg/kg/i.p.) and preventative (100 mg/kg/i.p.) OBE treatment resulted in down-regulation of HDM-induced airway cellular influx, histopathological changes and the increase in expression of pro-inflammatory signaling pathway EGFR, ERK1/2, AKT, pro-inflammatory cytokines and serum IgE.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
Our data show that OBE is an effective anti-inflammatory agent with both therapeutic and preventative anti-asthma effects. These findings imply that onion/OBE may be used as an adjunct therapeutic agent in established asthma and/or to prevent development of allergic asthma. However, further studies to identify the active constituents, and demonstrate proof-of-concept in humans are needed.
Topics: Humans; Male; Animals; Mice; Onions; Disease Models, Animal; Asthma; Inflammation; Cytokines; Pyroglyphidae; Immunoglobulin E; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Lung
PubMed: 38584568
DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2024.2335187 -
Scientific Reports Jan 2024This study was conducted to assess the effect of Evodiae Fructus 70% ethanol extract (EFE) on the pathology of atopic dermatitis using in vitro and in vivo models. The...
This study was conducted to assess the effect of Evodiae Fructus 70% ethanol extract (EFE) on the pathology of atopic dermatitis using in vitro and in vivo models. The major compounds in EFE were identified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry as rutaecarpine, evodiamine, evodol, dehydroevodiamine, limonin, synephrine, evocarpine, dihydroevocarpine, and hydroxyevodiamine. EFE significantly decreased chemokine levels in tumor necrosis factor-α/interferon-γ-stimulated HaCaT cells. In house dust mite-treated NC/Nga mice, topical application of EFE significantly decreased the dermatitis score, epidermal hyperplasia and thickening, mast cell infiltration, and plasma levels of histamine and corticosterone. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin, CD4 T cells, interleukin-4, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in the lesioned skin was reduced in the treated mice. The mechanism of EFE was elucidated using transcriptome analysis, followed by experimental validation using Western blotting in HaCaT cells. EFE down-regulated the activation of Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathways in HaCaT cells. EFE improves atopic dermatitis-like symptoms by suppressing inflammatory mediators, cytokines, and chemokines by regulating the JAK-STAT and MAPK signaling pathways, suggesting its use as a potential agent for the treatment of atopic dermatitis.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Humans; Dermatitis, Atopic; Pyroglyphidae; Evodia; HaCaT Cells; Plant Extracts; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Cytokines; Chemokines; Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus; Ethanol; Skin
PubMed: 38172219
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50257-3 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023Recently, we have developed a method to identify IgE cross-reactive allergens. However, the mechanism by which IgE cross-reactive allergens cause food allergy is not yet...
BACKGROUND
Recently, we have developed a method to identify IgE cross-reactive allergens. However, the mechanism by which IgE cross-reactive allergens cause food allergy is not yet fully understood how. In this study, we aimed to understand the underlying pathogenesis by identifying food allergens that cross-react with house dust mite allergens in a murine model.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Allergenic protein microarray analysis was conducted using serum from mice intraperitoneally injected with (Der p) extract plus alum or alum alone as controls. Der p, (Der f), coho salmon extract-sensitized and control mice were analyzed. Serum levels of IgE against Der p, Der f, coho salmon extract, protein fractions of coho salmon extract separated by ammonium sulfate precipitation and anion exchange chromatography, and recombinant coho salmon tropomyosin or actin were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A murine model of cutaneous anaphylaxis or oral allergy syndrome (OAS) was established in Der p extract-sensitized mice stimulated with coho salmon extract, tropomyosin, or actin.
RESULTS
Protein microarray analysis showed that coho salmon-derived proteins were highly bound to serum IgE in Der p extract-sensitized mice. Serum IgE from Der p or Der f extract-sensitized mice was bound to coho salmon extract, whereas serum IgE from coho salmon extract-sensitized mice was bound to Der p or Der f extract. Analysis of the murine model showed that cutaneous anaphylaxis and oral allergic reaction were evident in Der p extract-sensitized mice stimulated by coho salmon extract. Serum IgE from Der p or Der f extract-sensitized mice was bound strongly to protein fractions separated by anion exchange chromatography of coho salmon proteins precipitated with 50% ammonium sulfate, which massively contained the approximately 38 kDa protein. We found that serum IgE from Der p extract-sensitized mice was bound to recombinant coho salmon tropomyosin. Der p extract-sensitized mice exhibited cutaneous anaphylaxis in response to coho salmon tropomyosin.
CONCLUSION
Our results showed IgE cross-reactivity of tropomyosin between and coho salmon which illustrates salmon allergy following sensitization with the house dust mite . Our method for identifying IgE cross-reactive allergens will help understand the underlying mechanisms of food allergies.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Tropomyosin; Oncorhynchus kisutch; Actins; Salmon; Ammonium Sulfate; Anaphylaxis; Disease Models, Animal; Pyroglyphidae; Allergens; Immunoglobulin E
PubMed: 37711608
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1238297 -
Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta.... Apr 2024Type 2 inflammation in asthma develops with exposure to stimuli to include inhaled allergens from house dust mites (HDM). Features include mucus hypersecretion and the...
Type 2 inflammation in asthma develops with exposure to stimuli to include inhaled allergens from house dust mites (HDM). Features include mucus hypersecretion and the formation of pro-secretory ion transport characterised by elevated basal Cl current. Studies using human sinonasal epithelial cells treated with HDM extract report a higher protease activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) agonist-induced calcium mobilisation that may be related to airway sensitisation by allergen-associated proteases. Herein, this study aimed to investigate the effect of HDM on Ca signalling and inflammatory responses in asthmatic airway epithelial cells. Primary bronchial epithelial cells (hPBECs) from asthma donors cultured at air-liquid interface were used to assess electrophysiological, Ca signalling and inflammatory responses. Differences were observed regarding Ca signalling in response to PAR-2 agonist 2-Furoyl-LIGRLO-amide (2-FLI), and equivalent short-circuit current (I) in response to trypsin and 2-FLI, in ALI-asthma and healthy hPBECs. HDM treatment led to increased levels of intracellular cations (Ca, Na) and significantly reduced the 2-FLI-induced change of I in asthma cells. Apical HDM-induced Ca mobilisation was found to mainly involve the activation of PAR-2 and PAR-4-associated store-operated Ca influx and TRPV1. In contrast, PAR-2, PAR-4 antagonists and TRPV1 antagonist only showed slight impact on basolateral HDM-induced Ca mobilisation. HDM trypsin-like serine proteases were the main components leading to non-amiloride sensitive I and also increased interleukin-33 (IL-33) and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) from asthma hPBECs. These studies add further insight into the complex mechanisms associated with HDM-induced alterations in cell signalling and their relevance to pathological changes within asthma.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Alarmins; Trypsin; Asthma; Epithelial Cells; Allergens; Pyroglyphidae
PubMed: 38367901
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167079 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023(DFA) is an important species of house dust mites (HDMs) that causes allergic diseases. Previous studies have focused on allergens with protein components to explain...
BACKGROUND
(DFA) is an important species of house dust mites (HDMs) that causes allergic diseases. Previous studies have focused on allergens with protein components to explain the allergic effect of HDMs; however, there is little knowledge on the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the allergic effect of HDMs. This study aimed to unravel the new mechanism of dust mite sensitization from the perspective of cross-species transport of extracellular vesicles-encapsulated miRNAs from HDMs.
METHODS
Small RNA (sRNA) sequencing was performed to detect miRNAs expression profiles from DFA, DFA-derived exosomes and DFA culture supernatants. A quantitative fluorescent real-time PCR (qPCR) assay was used to detect miRNAs expression in dust specimens. BEAS-2B cells endocytosed exosomes were modeled to detect miRNAs from DFA and the expression of related inflammatory factors. Representative dfa-miR-276-3p and dfa-novel-miR2 were transfected into BEAS-2B cells, and then differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed by RNA sequencing. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway and Gene Ontology (GO) terms enrichment analyses were performed on the first 300 nodes of DEGs.
RESULTS
sRNA sequencing identified 42 conserved miRNAs and 66 novel miRNAs in DFA, DFA-derived exosomes, and DFA culture supernatants. A homology analysis was performed on the top 18 conserved miRNAs with high expression levels. The presence of dust mites and miRNAs from HDMs in living environment were also validated. Following uptake of DFA-derived exosomes by BEAS-2B cells, exosomes transported miRNAs from DFA to target cells and produced pro-inflammatory effects in corresponding cells. RNA sequencing identified DEGs in dfa-miR-276-3p and dfa-novel-miR2 transfected BEAS-2B cells. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed the role of exosomes with cross-species transporting of DFA miRNAs in inflammatory signaling pathways, such as JAK-STAT signaling pathway, PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and IL-6-mediated signaling pathway.
CONCLUSION
Our findings demonstrate the miRNAs expression profiles in DFA for the first time. The DFA miRNAs are delivered into living environments via exosomes, and engulfed by human bronchial epithelial cells, and cross-species regulation may contribute to inflammation-related processes.
Topics: Animals; Humans; MicroRNAs; Dermatophagoides farinae; Exosomes; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Epithelial Cells; Pyroglyphidae; Inflammation; Hypersensitivity; Allergens; Dust; Gene Expression
PubMed: 38106417
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1303265