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Nature Medicine Dec 2023Over one million European children undergo computed tomography (CT) scans annually. Although moderate- to high-dose ionizing radiation exposure is an established risk...
Over one million European children undergo computed tomography (CT) scans annually. Although moderate- to high-dose ionizing radiation exposure is an established risk factor for hematological malignancies, risks at CT examination dose levels remain uncertain. Here we followed up a multinational cohort (EPI-CT) of 948,174 individuals who underwent CT examinations before age 22 years in nine European countries. Radiation doses to the active bone marrow were estimated on the basis of body part scanned, patient characteristics, time period and inferred CT technical parameters. We found an association between cumulative dose and risk of all hematological malignancies, with an excess relative risk of 1.96 (95% confidence interval 1.10 to 3.12) per 100 mGy (790 cases). Similar estimates were obtained for lymphoid and myeloid malignancies. Results suggest that for every 10,000 children examined today (mean dose 8 mGy), 1-2 persons are expected to develop a hematological malignancy attributable to radiation exposure in the subsequent 12 years. Our results strengthen the body of evidence of increased cancer risk at low radiation doses and highlight the need for continued justification of pediatric CT examinations and optimization of doses.
Topics: Humans; Child; Adolescent; Young Adult; Adult; Radiation Dosage; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced; Hematologic Neoplasms; Radiation Exposure; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 37946058
DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02620-0 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Dec 2023Supplementation of micronutrients is considered to be crucial in the reinforcement of the skin's barrier. In this paper, 14 nutritional compounds commonly used in food... (Review)
Review
Supplementation of micronutrients is considered to be crucial in the reinforcement of the skin's barrier. In this paper, 14 nutritional compounds commonly used in food or pharmaceutic industries were analyzed in terms of influencing skin conditions. The major objective of this paper was to provide a narrative review of the available literature regarding several chosen compounds that are currently widely recommended as supplements that aim to maintain proper and healthy skin conditions. We conducted a review of the literature from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science until September 2023 without any other restrictions regarding the year of the publication. Ultimately, we reviewed 238 articles, including them in this review. Each of the reviewed compounds, including vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, curcumin, chlorella, Omega-3, biotin,, , gamma oryzanol, olive leaf extract, spirulina, and astaxanthin, was observed to present some possible effects with promising benefits for a skin condition, i.e., photoprotective radiation. Adding them to the diet or daily routine might have a positive influence on some skin inflammatory diseases such as atopic dermatitis or psoriasis. Further, UV radiation protection facilitated by some supplements and their impact on human cells might be helpful during chemotherapy or in preventing melanoma development. Further research is needed because of the lack of clear consensus regarding the doses of the described compounds that could provide desirable effects on the skin.
Topics: Humans; Chlorella; Skin; Dietary Supplements; Psoriasis; Vitamins
PubMed: 38256329
DOI: 10.3390/medicina60010068 -
Journal of Healthcare Quality Research 2023Health workers are at high risk of becoming infected with COVID-19. The objective of the study was to evaluate the risks and improve the biological and radiological...
INTRODUCTION
Health workers are at high risk of becoming infected with COVID-19. The objective of the study was to evaluate the risks and improve the biological and radiological safety measures for taking chest X-rays in patients with COVID-19 in a Social Security hospital in Utcubamba (Peru).
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Quasi-experimental intervention study type before and after without a control group, carried out between May and September 2020. A process map and an analysis of failure modes and effects (FMEA) of radiological care were prepared. The gravity (G), occurrence (O), and detectability (D) values ??were found and the risk priority number (RPN) was calculated for each failure mode (FM). FM with RPN ≥ 100 and G ≥ 7 were prioritized. Improvement actions were implemented based on the recommendations of recognized institutions and the O and D values ??were re-evaluated.
RESULTS
The process map consisted of 6 threads and 30 steps. 54 FM were identified, 37 of whom had RPN ≥ 100 and 48 had G ≥ 7. Most of the errors occurred during the examination 50% (27). After entering the recommendations, 23 FM had RPN ≥ 100.
CONCLUSIONS
Although none of the measures applied through the FMEA made the failure mode impossible, they made it more detectable and less frequent and reduced the RPN for each failure mode; however, a periodic update of the process is necessary.
Topics: Humans; X-Rays; COVID-19; Risk Assessment; Radiography; Patients
PubMed: 36868998
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhqr.2023.02.001 -
European Journal of Nuclear Medicine... Sep 2023This document provides the new EANM guideline on radioiodine therapy of benign thyroid disease. Its aim is to guide nuclear medicine physicians, endocrinologists, and...
This document provides the new EANM guideline on radioiodine therapy of benign thyroid disease. Its aim is to guide nuclear medicine physicians, endocrinologists, and practitioners in the selection of patients for radioiodine therapy. Its recommendations on patients' preparation, empiric and dosimetric therapeutic approaches, applied radioiodine activity, radiation protection requirements, and patients follow-up after administration of radioiodine therapy are extensively discussed.
Topics: Humans; Iodine Radioisotopes; Graves Disease; Thyroid Diseases; Radiometry; Radiation Protection
PubMed: 37395802
DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06274-5 -
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) Aug 2023To evaluate the effect of protracted low dose, low dose rate exposure to ionising radiation on the risk of cancer.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effect of protracted low dose, low dose rate exposure to ionising radiation on the risk of cancer.
DESIGN
Multinational cohort study.
SETTING
Cohorts of workers in the nuclear industry in France, the UK, and the US included in a major update to the International Nuclear Workers Study (INWORKS).
PARTICIPANTS
309 932 workers with individual monitoring data for external exposure to ionising radiation and a total follow-up of 10.7 million person years.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Estimates of excess relative rate per gray (Gy) of radiation dose for mortality from cancer.
RESULTS
The study included 103 553 deaths, of which 28 089 were due to solid cancers. The estimated rate of mortality due to solid cancer increased with cumulative dose by 52% (90% confidence interval 27% to 77%) per Gy, lagged by 10 years. Restricting the analysis to the low cumulative dose range (0-100 mGy) approximately doubled the estimate of association (and increased the width of its confidence interval), as did restricting the analysis to workers hired in the more recent years of operations when estimates of occupational external penetrating radiation dose were recorded more accurately. Exclusion of deaths from lung cancer and pleural cancer had a modest effect on the estimated magnitude of association, providing indirect evidence that the association was not substantially confounded by smoking or occupational exposure to asbestos.
CONCLUSIONS
This major update to INWORKS provides a direct estimate of the association between protracted low dose exposure to ionising radiation and solid cancer mortality based on some of the world's most informative cohorts of radiation workers. The summary estimate of excess relative rate solid cancer mortality per Gy is larger than estimates currently informing radiation protection, and some evidence suggests a steeper slope for the dose-response association in the low dose range than over the full dose range. These results can help to strengthen radiation protection, especially for low dose exposures that are of primary interest in contemporary medical, occupational, and environmental settings.
Topics: Humans; United States; Cohort Studies; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced; Radiation Dosage; Radiation, Ionizing; Industry; United Kingdom; Occupational Exposure; Occupational Diseases; Radiation Exposure
PubMed: 37586731
DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2022-074520