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Insights Into Imaging Feb 2024Positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) is a hybrid imaging technique that quantitatively combines the metabolic and functional data from... (Review)
Review
Positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) is a hybrid imaging technique that quantitatively combines the metabolic and functional data from positron emission tomography (PET) with anatomical and physiological information from MRI. As PET/MRI technology has advanced, its applications in cancer care have expanded. Recent studies have demonstrated that PET/MRI provides unique advantages in the field of radiotherapy and has become invaluable in guiding precision radiotherapy techniques. This review discusses the rationale and clinical evidence supporting the use of PET/MRI for radiation positioning, target delineation, efficacy evaluation, and patient surveillance.Critical relevance statement This article critically assesses the transformative role of PET/MRI in advancing precision radiotherapy, providing essential insights into improved radiation positioning, target delineation, efficacy evaluation, and patient surveillance in clinical radiology practice.Key points• The emergence of PET/MRI will be a key bridge for precise radiotherapy.• PET/MRI has unique advantages in the whole process of radiotherapy.• New tracers and nanoparticle probes will broaden the use of PET/MRI in radiation.• PET/MRI will be utilized more frequently for radiotherapy.
PubMed: 38411742
DOI: 10.1186/s13244-024-01627-6 -
RoFo : Fortschritte Auf Dem Gebiete Der... May 2024
Topics: Fluoroscopy; Humans; Radiation Protection; Germany; Radiation Injuries
PubMed: 38663393
DOI: 10.1055/a-2273-8836 -
Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. B Oct 2023Bacteria-mediated anti-tumor therapy has received widespread attention due to its natural tumor-targeting ability and specific immune-activation characteristics. It has... (Review)
Review
Bacteria-mediated anti-tumor therapy has received widespread attention due to its natural tumor-targeting ability and specific immune-activation characteristics. It has made significant progress in breaking the limitations of monotherapy and effectively eradicating tumors, especially when combined with traditional therapy, such as radiotherapy. According to their different biological characteristics, bacteria and their derivatives can not only improve the sensitivity of tumor radiotherapy but also protect normal tissues. Moreover, genetically engineered bacteria and bacteria-based biomaterials have further expanded the scope of their applications in radiotherapy. In this review, we have summarized relevant researches on the application of bacteria and its derivatives in radiotherapy in recent years, expounding that the bacteria, bacterial derivatives and bacteria-based biomaterials can not only directly enhance radiotherapy but also improve the anti-tumor effect by improving the tumor microenvironment (TME) and immune effects. Furthermore, some probiotics can also protect normal tissues and organs such as intestines from radiation anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation and apoptosis inhibition. In conclusion, the prospect of bacteria in radiotherapy will be very extensive, but its biological safety and mechanism need to be further evaluated and studied.
PubMed: 37799393
DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.10.013 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Jul 2023Radiotherapy is a prevalent treatment modality for thoracic tumors; however, it can lead to radiation-induced lung injury (RILI), which currently lacks effective...
Radiotherapy is a prevalent treatment modality for thoracic tumors; however, it can lead to radiation-induced lung injury (RILI), which currently lacks effective interventions. ACT001, a prodrug of micheliolide, has demonstrated promising clinical application potential, yet its impact on RILI requires further validation. This study aims to investigate the radioprotective effects of ACT001 on RILI and elucidate its underlying mechanism. Sprague-Dawley rats were utilized to induce RILI following 20 Gy X-ray chest irradiation, and lung tissue inflammation and fibrosis were assessed using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson staining. Lung injury, inflammation, and oxidative stress markers were evaluated employing commercial kits. Pyroptosis-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed using a microarray dataset from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and their functions and hub genes were identified through protein-protein interaction networks. Pyroptosis-related genes were detected via RT-qPCR, western blotting, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry. The results demonstrated that ACT001 ameliorated RILI, diminished pro-inflammatory cytokine release and fibrosis, and mitigated the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome while inhibiting pyroptosis in lung tissue. In conclusion, our study reveals that ACT001 can suppress NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis and improve RILI, suggesting its potential as a novel protective agent for RILI.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Lung Injury; Inflammasomes; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Radiation Injuries, Experimental; X-Rays; Inflammation
PubMed: 37146417
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114808 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023Gliomas are one of the most common primary malignant tumours of the central nervous system (CNS), of which glioblastomas (GBMs) are the most common and destructive type.... (Review)
Review
Gliomas are one of the most common primary malignant tumours of the central nervous system (CNS), of which glioblastomas (GBMs) are the most common and destructive type. The glioma tumour microenvironment (TME) has unique characteristics, such as hypoxia, the blood-brain barrier (BBB), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and tumour neovascularization. Therefore, the traditional treatment effect is limited. As cellular oxidative metabolites, ROS not only promote the occurrence and development of gliomas but also affect immune cells in the immune microenvironment. In contrast, either too high or too low ROS levels are detrimental to the survival of glioma cells, which indicates the threshold of ROS. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the mechanisms of ROS production and scavenging, the threshold of ROS, and the role of ROS in the glioma TME can provide new methods and strategies for glioma treatment. Current methods to increase ROS include photodynamic therapy (PDT), sonodynamic therapy (SDT), and chemodynamic therapy (CDT), etc., and methods to eliminate ROS include the ingestion of antioxidants. Increasing/scavenging ROS is potentially applicable treatment, and further studies will help to provide more effective strategies for glioma treatment.
Topics: Humans; Reactive Oxygen Species; Glioma; Photochemotherapy; Antioxidants; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 38130720
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1259797 -
Journal of Cellular and Molecular... Dec 2023Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI), divided into early radiation pneumonia (RP) and late radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF), is a common serious disease after...
Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI), divided into early radiation pneumonia (RP) and late radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF), is a common serious disease after clinical chest radiotherapy or nuclear accident, which seriously threatens the life safety of patients. There has been no effective prevention or treatment strategy till now. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key step in the occurrence and development of RILI. In this study, we demonstrated that emetine dihydrochloride (EDD) alleviated RILI through inhibiting EMT. We found that EDD significantly attenuated EMT-related markers, reduced Smad3 phosphorylation expression after radiation. Then, for the first time, we observed EDD alleviated lung hyperaemia and reduced collagen deposit induced by irradiation, providing protection against RILI. Finally, it was found that EDD inhibited radiation-induced EMT in lung tissues. Our study suggested that EDD alleviated RILI through inhibiting EMT by blocking Smad3 signalling pathways. In summary, our results indicated that EDD is a novel potential radioprotector for RILI.
Topics: Humans; Lung Injury; Emetine; Lung; Radiation Injuries; Pulmonary Fibrosis; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
PubMed: 37723905
DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17959