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Cureus Mar 2024The case presentation discusses the clinical evaluation and treatment of a two-year-old female exhibiting symptoms such as dysuria, constipation, and foul-smelling...
The case presentation discusses the clinical evaluation and treatment of a two-year-old female exhibiting symptoms such as dysuria, constipation, and foul-smelling urine. Upon evaluation, the patient was found to be co-infected with Raoultella planticola and Escherichia coli. This co-infection poses unique challenges in diagnosis and treatment, as both pathogens may contribute to the manifestation of symptoms. The initial diagnosis of Raoultella planticola is notable, given its relatively rare occurrence and the potential for misdiagnosis. This case study contributes to our understanding of diagnosing and distinguishing symptoms at various stages of the illness, particularly in cases of co-infection. Following an initial urinalysis and urine culture confirming the presence of both pathogens, a 10-day course of antibiotics was prescribed. Subsequent examinations at Rady Children's Hospital-San Diego included kidney and abdomen imaging to rule out underlying issues. The co-infection underscores the importance of thorough diagnostic procedures and tailored treatment approaches. Additionally, it highlights the need for heightened awareness among healthcare providers regarding emerging pathogens and their potential clinical implications.
PubMed: 38686243
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57262 -
Biofilm Dec 2023Many companies in the food industry apply reverse osmosis (RO) membranes to ensure high-quality reuse of water. Biofouling is however, a common, recalcitrant and...
Many companies in the food industry apply reverse osmosis (RO) membranes to ensure high-quality reuse of water. Biofouling is however, a common, recalcitrant and recurring problem that blocks transport over membranes and decreases the water recovery. Microorganisms adhering to membranes may form biofilm and produce an extracellular matrix, which protects against external stress and ensures continuous attachment. Thus, various agents are tested for their ability to degrade and disperse biofilms. Here, we identified industrially relevant bacterial model communities that form biofilms on RO membranes used for treating process water before reuse. There was a marked difference in the biofilm forming capabilities of bacteria isolated from contaminated RO membranes. One species, , was particularly capable of forming biofilm and was included in most communities. The potential of different enzymes (Trypsin-EDTA, Proteinase K, α-Amylase, β-Mannosidase and Alginate lyase) as biofouling dispersing agents was evaluated at different concentrations (0.05 U/ml and 1.28 U/ml). Among the tested enzymes, β-Mannosidase was the only enzyme able to reduce biofilm formation significantly within 4 h of exposure at 25 °C (0.284 log reduction), and only at the high concentration. Longer exposure duration, however, resulted in significant biofilm reduction by all enzymes tested (0.459-0.717 log reduction) at both low and high concentrations. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy, we quantified the biovolume on RO membranes after treatment with two different enzyme mixtures. The application of proteinase K and β-Mannosidase significantly reduced the amount of attached biomass (43% reduction), and the combination of all five enzymes showed even stronger reducing effect (71% reduction). Overall, this study demonstrates a potential treatment strategy, using matrix-degrading enzymes for biofouled RO membranes in food processing water treatment streams. Future studies on optimization of buffer systems, temperature and other factors could facilitate cleaning operations based on enzymatic treatment extending the lifespan of membranes with a continuous flux.
PubMed: 37131492
DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2023.100119 -
Veterinary World Nov 2023Antibiotic resistance is a major global health threat. The increasing prevalence of drug-resistant bacteria poses a serious challenge to the effective treatment of...
BACKGROUND AND AIM
Antibiotic resistance is a major global health threat. The increasing prevalence of drug-resistant bacteria poses a serious challenge to the effective treatment of infections in both humans and animals. Water is a major source of human and animal exposure to bacteria, and the presence of drug-resistant bacteria in water could present a severe threat to public health and animal production. This study investigated the presence of drug-resistant bacteria in Lam Pao Dam (LPD) water in Kalasin, Thailand.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Ampicillin-resistant strains were obtained from LPD water and identified using 16s rDNA sequencing. Antibiotic resistance genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction using specific primers. The presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria was evaluated using 16s amplicon analysis. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of strains against antibiotics was determined.
RESULTS
A total of 12 , 4 , and 4 isolates were resistant to ampicillin. Almost all strains harbored and genes, and two strains also harbored the gene. All four strains harbored the gene. The most abundant species in the LPD sample was , followed by and . The MICs of 10 strains against five antibiotics revealed that all strains were resistant to ampicillin but susceptible to meropenem, doripenem, ertapenem, and imipenem.
CONCLUSION
These findings suggest a high prevalence of drug-resistant bacteria in LPD water. This is a cause for concern, as it could spread antibiotic-resistant infections in the community.
PubMed: 38152267
DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.2321-2328 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023The purpose of this study was to highlight the clinical and molecular features of 13 strains isolated from clinical environments in Ecuador, and to perform comparative...
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to highlight the clinical and molecular features of 13 strains isolated from clinical environments in Ecuador, and to perform comparative genomics with previously published genomes of spp. As is primarily found in environmental, clinical settings, we focused our work on identifying mechanisms of resistance that can provide this bacterium an advantage to establish and persist in hospital environments.
METHODS
We analyzed 13 strains of isolated from patients with healthcare associated infections (HAI) in three hospitals in Quito and one in Santo Domingo de Los Tsáchilas, Ecuador, between November 2017 and April 2018. These isolates were subjected to phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing, end-point polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect the presence of carbapenemases and whole-genome sequencing.
RESULTS
Polymerase chain reaction revealed that seven isolates were positive isolates for and one for gene. Of the seven strains that presented the gene, six harbored it on an IncFII plasmid, one was inserted into the bacterial chromosome. The gene was detected in an IncM2/IncR plasmid. From the bioinformatics analysis, nine genomes had the gene , originating from Ecuador. Moreover, all strains contained the ORN-1 gene, which confers resistance for β-lactams, such as penicillins and cephalosporins. Comparative genome analysis of the strains showed that the pangenome of is considered an open pangenome, with 27.77% of core genes, which could be explained by the fact that the antibiotic resistance genes in the ancestral reconstruction are relatively new, suggesting that this genome is constantly incorporating new genes.
CONCLUSION
These results reveal the genome plasticity of , particularly in acquiring antibiotic-resistance genes. The genomic surveillance and infectious control of these uncommon species are important since they may contribute to the burden of antimicrobial resistance and human health.
PubMed: 37692398
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1216008 -
Microorganisms Oct 2023is an bacterium that can infect both humans and animals, while luteolin-7-O-glucoside (IOG) is a flavonoid that has broad effects on the intestinal microbiota of...
Effects of Luteolin-7-O-Glucoside on Intestinal Microbiota Dysbiosis and Drug Resistance Transmission Caused by B1645-1: Modulating the Composition of Intestinal Microbiota and Promoting the Transfer of Gene from Genus to in Mice.
is an bacterium that can infect both humans and animals, while luteolin-7-O-glucoside (IOG) is a flavonoid that has broad effects on the intestinal microbiota of healthy animals. However, current studies lack sufficient data on intestinal microbiota dysbiosis and drug resistance transmission caused by and the possible role of IOG. In this study, BALB/c mice were infected with carrying gene and treated with IOG (3 mg/kg·d and 6 mg/kg·d) to analyze the diversity of intestinal microbiota and the transfer of between bacteria. The findings indicated that B1645-1 exhibited a significant ability to enhance the / ratio and increase the relative abundance of and after 48 h, where as 6 mg/kg·d IOG had an opposite effect. Moreover, B1645-1 facilitated the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria and promoted gene transfer in , , , , , , and . was the predominant genus at 48 h. Surprisingly, 6 mg/kg·d IOG significantly inhibited the production of drug-resistant bacteria and promoted gene transfer from to at 144 h. However, the role of as a recipient for drug-resistant genes should be of more concern.
PubMed: 37894135
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102477 -
Scientific Reports Dec 2023Environmental pollution is a global phenomenon and troublesome fact that poses a grave risk to all living entities. Via coupling carbonaceous feedstocks with outstanding...
Environmental pollution is a global phenomenon and troublesome fact that poses a grave risk to all living entities. Via coupling carbonaceous feedstocks with outstanding microbial activity, kinetic experiments were established using the consortium of Proteus mirabilis and Raoultella planticola, biochar-derived sunflower seed husk (SHB) and rice straw (RSB), and their composites, which investigated at 30 °C (150 rpm) to eliminate 700 mg L lead (120 h) and phenol (168 h) from synthetic wastewater. The derived biochars physicochemical properties of were studied. According to adsorption capacity (q), consortium-SHB composites and consortium-RSB composites removed lead completely (70 mg g) within 48 h and 66 h, respectively. Besides, phenol was remediated entirely after 42 h and 48 h by both composite systems (69.90 mg g), respectively, comparing with bacterial consortium only or parent SHB and RSB. Moreover, four kinetic models were studied to describe the bioremediation process. Fractional power and Elovich models could be recommended for describing the adsorption kinetics for lead and phenol removal by the studied biomaterials with high correlation coefficient (R ≥ 0.91 for Pb and ≥ 0.93 for phenol) and lower residual root mean square error (RMSE) and chi-square (X). Overall, bacterial consortium-biochar composites exhibited greater remediation of lead and phenol than the sum of each single bacterial consortium and biochar systems; reflecting synergistic interaction of adsorptive capability of biochar and metabolic performance of bacterial consortium, as denoted by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The current study addressed the successful design of employing functional remediating consortium immobilized on waste biomass-derived biochar as a conducive alternative eco-sorbent and economic platform to detoxify organic and inorganic pollutants.
Topics: Adsorption; Biodegradation, Environmental; Charcoal; Helianthus; Kinetics; Lead; Oryza; Phenol; Phenols; Seeds; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Purification
PubMed: 38081934
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49036-x -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2023In this study, we determined and identified the bacterial diversity of different types of artisanal and industrially produced cheese. The antibiotic (erythromycin,...
In this study, we determined and identified the bacterial diversity of different types of artisanal and industrially produced cheese. The antibiotic (erythromycin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, ampicillin, clindamycin, streptomycin, tetracycline, and gentamicin) and biocide (peracetic acid, sodium hypochlorite, and benzalkonium chloride) resistance of clinically relevant bacteria was determined as follows: , , sp., , , , , , , , sp., , , , , and Also, the effect of the sub-inhibitory concentration of three biocides on antibiotic resistance was determined. The microbiota of evaluated dairy products comprise diverse and heterogeneous groups of bacteria with respect to antibiotic and disinfectant tolerance. The results indicated that resistance was common in the case of ampicillin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, and streptomycin. sp. SCSSZT2/3, SRGT/1, SAT/1, MTT/5, and SIJ/2 showed resistance to most antibiotics. The tested bacteria showed sensitivity to peracetic acid and a different level of tolerance to benzalkonium chloride and sodium hypochlorite. The inhibition zone diameter of antibiotics against SZT/2, JS11, CSKO2, and GRT/10 was affected only by the sub-inhibitory concentration of peracetic acid.
PubMed: 37959056
DOI: 10.3390/foods12213937 -
Biotechnology Reports (Amsterdam,... Sep 2023High throughput screening approaches can significantly speed up the identification of novel enzymes from natural microbial consortiums. A two-step high throughput...
High throughput screening approaches can significantly speed up the identification of novel enzymes from natural microbial consortiums. A two-step high throughput screening process was proposed and explored to screen lignin-degrading microorganisms. By employing this modified culture enrichment method and screening based on enzyme activity, a total of 82 bacterial and 46 fungal strains were isolated from fifty decayed wood samples (100 liquid cultures) collected from the banks of the Ottawa River in Canada. Among them, ten bacterial and five fungal strains were selected and identified based on their high laccase activities by 16S rDNA and ITS gene sequencing, respectively. The study identified bacterial strains from various genera including , and , along with fungal counterparts including and . Moreover, (AORF21), . (AORF43), (AORF3) and sp. (AORB55) exhibited xylanase and - glucanase activities in addition to laccase production. The proposed approach allowed for the quick identification of promising consortia and enhanced the chance of isolating desired strains based on desired enzyme activities. This method is not limited to lignocellulose and lignin-degrading microorganisms but can be applied to identify novel microbial strains and enzymes from different natural samples.
PubMed: 37583477
DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2023.e00809 -
Environmental Analysis, Health and... Dec 2023The indiscriminate deposition of metal-containing substances into the environment contributes significantly to high concentrations of metals in the soil resulting in...
The indiscriminate deposition of metal-containing substances into the environment contributes significantly to high concentrations of metals in the soil resulting in resistance to metals and consequentially to antibiotics by inherent microbes which may eventually spread to other pathogenic microbes thereby elevating disease burden due to antibiotic resistance. The study aimed at determining the co-occurrence of resistance of bacteria isolated from metal-contaminated soil to heavy metals and subsequently, antibiotics. Metal-tolerant bacteria were randomly isolated from top soils from a battery waste site using the pour plate method. Selected isolates were identified using biochemical tests, then, subjected to elevating supplemented concentrations of different metal salts at 100-500 μg/mL to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration. Isolates tolerant to minimum three metals up to 400 μg/mL were subjected to Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (25 μg), Imipenem (10 μg), Amoxicillin (30 μg), Ciprofloxacin (10 μg) and Tigecycline (15 μg) and observations interpreted using the guiding principle of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Metal concentrations in the soils exceeded permissible limits. In total, 16 isolates were selected and identified as Proteus sp. (1), Pseudomonas spp. (5), Enterobacter spp. (2), Klebsiella spp. (2), Escherichia spp. (3), Raoultella spp. (2) and Rahnella sp. (1). Thirteen (81.25 %) of all isolates showed multi-resistance to the metals and seven exhibited multidrug-resistance, with 4 (57.1 %) showing resistance to three different classes of antibiotics and 3 (42.9 %) showed resistance to four antibiotic classes. Heavy metal-tolerant bacteria isolated from this study possess co-selection potentials as they showed resistance to different metals and antibiotics classes which is a concern to public health.
PubMed: 38298043
DOI: 10.5620/eaht.2023024 -
Veterinary Sciences Oct 2023The spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment exacerbates the contamination of these genes; therefore, the role plants play in the transmission of...
The spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment exacerbates the contamination of these genes; therefore, the role plants play in the transmission of resistance genes in the food chain requires further research. Giant pandas consume different bamboo parts at different times, which provides the possibility of investigating how a single food source can affect the variation in the spread of ARGs. In this study, metagenomic analysis and the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database (CARD) database were used to annotate ARGs and the differences in gut microbiota ARGs during the consumption of bamboo shoots, leaves, and culms by captive giant pandas. These ARGs were then compared to investigate the impact of bamboo part consumption on the spread of ARGs. The results showed that the number of ARGs in the gut microbiota of the subjects was highest during the consumption of bamboo leaves, while the variety of ARGs was highest during the consumption of shoots. Escherichia coli, which poses a higher risk of ARG dissemination, was significantly higher in the leaf group, while , , and were significantly higher in the shoot group. The ARG risk brought by bamboo shoots and leaves may originate from soil and environmental pollution. It is recommended to handle the feces of giant pandas properly and regularly monitor the antimicrobial and virulence genes in their gut microbiota to mitigate the threat of antibiotic resistance.
PubMed: 37999453
DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10110630