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The Science of the Total Environment Aug 2023Anthropogenic activities have increased the dispersal of emerging contaminants (ECs), particularly of parabens, causing an escalation of their presence in wastewater...
Anthropogenic activities have increased the dispersal of emerging contaminants (ECs), particularly of parabens, causing an escalation of their presence in wastewater (WW). Current WW technologies do not present satisfactory efficiency or sustainability in removing these contaminants. However, bioremediation with microalgae-based systems is proving to be a relevant technology for WW polishing, and the use of microalgae-bacteria consortia can improve the efficiency of WW treatment. This work aimed to study dual cultures of selected bacteria (Raoultella ornithinolytica, Acidovorax facilis, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Leucobacter sp. or Rhodococcus fascians) and the microalga Chlorella vulgaris in microbial growth and WW bioremediation - removal of methylparaben (MetP) and nutrients. The association with the bacteria was antagonistic for C. vulgaris biomass productivity as a result of the decreased growth kinetics in comparison to the axenic microalga. The presence of MetP did not disturb the growth of C. vulgaris under axenic or co-cultured conditions, except when associated with R. fascians, where growth enhancement was observed. The removal of MetP by the microalga was modest (circa 30 %, with a removal rate of 0.0343 mg/L.d), but increased remarkably when the consortia were used (> 50 %, with an average removal rate > 0.0779 mg/L.d), through biodegradation and photodegradation. For nutrient removal, the consortia were found to be less effective than the axenic microalga, except for nitrogen (N) removal by C. vulgaris w/ R. fascians. The overall results propose that C. vulgaris co-cultivation with bacteria can increase MetP removal, while negatively affecting the microalga growth and the consequent reduction of sludge production, highlighting the potential of microalgae-bacteria consortia for the effective polishing of WW contaminated with parabens.
Topics: Chlorella vulgaris; Wastewater; Coculture Techniques; Parabens; Bacteria; Microalgae
PubMed: 37121314
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163746 -
in a Healthy, Young Person: Rapidly Progressive Sinusitis with Orbital and Intracranial Involvement.European Journal of Case Reports in... 2023is an encapsulated, Gram-negative, nonmotile, rod belonging to the family. Infections involving the gastrointestinal tract and the hepatopancreatobiliary system are...
UNLABELLED
is an encapsulated, Gram-negative, nonmotile, rod belonging to the family. Infections involving the gastrointestinal tract and the hepatopancreatobiliary system are most frequently reported, especially in immunocompromised patients. The authors present an unusual case of acute complicated sinusitis with orbital and intracranial involvement caused by . The infection was rapidly progressive, even though the patient was a healthy, young person without any co-morbidities. The patient's condition improved after antibiotic treatment and multiple ophthalmic and sinus surgeries.
LEARNING POINTS
can cause rapidly progressive infections, even in immunocompetent young individuals. identified in sinusitis can be a true pathogen rather than an innocent bystander.
PubMed: 37789980
DOI: 10.12890/2023_003987 -
Journal of Infection in Developing... Sep 2023The spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria, particularly carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (CR-GNB), has become a serious challenge for clinicians due to...
INTRODUCTION
The spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria, particularly carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (CR-GNB), has become a serious challenge for clinicians due to limited therapeutic options. The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of carbapenemase production among clinical isolates recovered from 352 samples collected in Tebessa hospital, Algeria.
METHODOLOGY
Bacterial isolates were identified by 16S RNA gene sequencing and susceptibility to antibiotics was determined by disk diffusion method. Carbapenem-resistant isolates were screened for carbapenemase production using modified carba Nordmann-Poirel test, modified Hodge test and imipenem-EDTA combined disc test. Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) were detected using double-disk synergy test. Molecular characterization of carbapenemases and ESBL genes was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing.
RESULTS
A total of 85 Gram-negative bacilli isolates were recovered mainly from urine samples and were identified as: Klebsiella pneumoniae (17.65%), Serratia odorifera (15.29%), Escherichia coli (12.94%), Raoultella ornithinolytica, Enterobacter cloacae (11.76%), Serratia marcescens (10.59%), Morganella morganii (7.06%), Proteus mirabilis (5.88%), Acinetobacter baumannii (4.70%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2.35%). All strains were resistant or intermediate to imipenem and/or ertapenem. ESBL, carbapenemase and metallo-beta-lactamases (MBL) phenotypes were detected in 19 (22.35%), 9 (10.59%) and 2 (2.35%) GNB isolates, respectively. PCR results in nine carbapenemase-producing GNB strains chosen showed the presence of one to four carbapenemase genes (blaGES, blaSME, blaNDM-1, blaVIM, blaGIM, blaSPM, blaOXA-48) in four strains; however, seven strains had at least one ESBL gene (blaTEM-1, blaCTXM-15, blaSHV).
CONCLUSIONS
In this study, we report the first incidence of blaNDM-1 gene in Enterobacter cloacae isolated from urine sample in Algeria.
Topics: Enterobacter cloacae; beta-Lactamases; Bacterial Proteins; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Carbapenems; Imipenem; Escherichia coli; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 37824354
DOI: 10.3855/jidc.18031 -
Journal of Microbiology and... Jul 2023Disposal of waste containing heavy metals into the environment is a major threat to human health and can result in toxic or chronic poisoning in aquatic life. In the...
Disposal of waste containing heavy metals into the environment is a major threat to human health and can result in toxic or chronic poisoning in aquatic life. In the current study, metal-resistant was isolated from metal-contaminated samples collected from the Tanjaro River, located southwest of Sulaymaniyah, Iraq. was identified by partial amplification of 16S rRNA. The uptake potency of heavy metals was assessed using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and indicated that removed 67, 89, 63.4, 55.6, 56.5, 65, and 61.9% of Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Zn, Co, and Fe, respectively. These removal rates were influenced by temperature, pH, and contact time; at 35°C and pH 5 with a change in the incubation time, the reduction rate improved from 89 to 95% for Pb, from 36.4 to 45% for Cu, and from 55.6 to 64% for Ni. Gene analysis indicated that contained , , , , and genes, but the gene was absent. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) images showed evidence of metal ion binding on the cell wall surface with different rates of binding. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) detected different mechanisms for metal particle localization; cell surface adsorption was the main mechanism for Pb, Zn, and Co uptake, while Cd, Ni, and Fe were accumulated inside the cell. The current study describes, for the first time, the isolation of from metal-contaminated water, which can be used as an eco-friendly biological expedient for the remediation and detoxification of metals from contaminated environments.
Topics: Humans; Cadmium; Biodegradation, Environmental; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Lead; Metals, Heavy; Environmental Monitoring
PubMed: 37164756
DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2212.12045 -
Microbiology Spectrum Aug 2023Scombrotoxin (histamine) fish poisoning is a common seafood-borne illness attributed to toxin production by histamine-producing bacteria (HPB) in fish tissues during...
Scombrotoxin (histamine) fish poisoning is a common seafood-borne illness attributed to toxin production by histamine-producing bacteria (HPB) in fish tissues during decomposition. In laboratory studies, growth of HPB and other bacterial species is affected by physical and chemical attributes, but natural communities of HPB are not well understood. To determine how environmental and water quality variables may affect density of HPB in the natural aquatic environment, we compared presence and abundance of HPB to ambient temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, fecal coliforms, male-specific coliphage, nutrient concentrations, carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios, and C:N in water samples collected from July 2017 to February 2018 along a natural salinity gradient in a tidal river on the coast of northern Gulf of Mexico. HPB in water samples were quantified using a real-time PCR, most probable number method. HPB species were identified via 16S rRNA gene sequences. Temperature and salinity were determined to be the main factors driving HPB presence and concentration. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that different HPB were associated with different environmental conditions. Photobacterium damselae was found under warmer, higher-salinity conditions; Raoultella planticola was found at colder, lower-salinity conditions; Enterobacter aerogenes was found at warmer, lower-salinity conditions; and Morganella morganii was found at most sites, independent of environmental conditions. These results showed that naturally occurring HPB abundance and species composition can be affected by environmental conditions, which could manifest in various potentials for histamine formation and scombrotoxin fish poisoning risk based on environmental factors. This study determined the effects of environmental conditions on presence and abundance of naturally occurring histamine-producing bacteria in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Here, we show that HPB abundance and species composition are related to ambient temperature and salinity, with the magnitude of this effect dependent on the particular HPB species. This finding suggests that environmental conditions at fishing sites could affect the risk of human illness from scombrotoxin (histamine) fish poisoning.
Topics: Animals; Male; Humans; Histamine; Gulf of Mexico; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Water Quality; Bacteria; Foodborne Diseases
PubMed: 37310253
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04720-22 -
Rhode Island Medical Journal (2013) Jun 2024Raoultella ornithinolytica is a rare, gram-negative environmental enterobacterium. Although infections in humans caused by R. ornithinolytica are uncommon, there are...
Raoultella ornithinolytica is a rare, gram-negative environmental enterobacterium. Although infections in humans caused by R. ornithinolytica are uncommon, there are increasing reports implicating it in urinary tract infections, hepatobiliary infections, and bacteremia, designating it as an emerging pathogen. Its habitat is primarily in aquatic environments and soil, with seafood frequently identified as a potential source of infection. While these infections have predominantly been described in immunocompromised patients previously, our case suggests that advanced age may be a significant risk factor. We describe a case of a 73-year-old man presenting with encephalopathy who then was found to have R. ornithinolytica bacteremia from a genitourinary source. Following antibiotic treatment, the infection resolved and the neurologic symptoms improved. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first documented case in the medical literature of R. ornithinolytica featuring a primary neurologic presentation.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Male; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Enterobacteriaceae; Brain Diseases; Bacteremia
PubMed: 38810006
DOI: No ID Found -
World Journal of Microbiology &... Jan 2024Due to the misuse and overuse of antibiotics, bacteria are now exposed to sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of antibiotics in various environments. In...
Due to the misuse and overuse of antibiotics, bacteria are now exposed to sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of antibiotics in various environments. In recent years, exposure of bacteria to sub-MICs of antibiotics has led to the widespread emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In this study, three bacterial species from the Enterobacteriaceae family (Raoultella ornithinolytica, Pantoea agglomerans and Klebsiella quasivariicola) were isolated from water. The antibiotic susceptibility of these bacteria to 16 antibiotics was then investigated. The effects of sub-MICs of four selected antibiotics (kanamycin, chloramphenicol, meropenem, and ciprofloxacin) on the growth, biofilm formation, surface polysaccharide production, siderophore production, morphology, and expression of the translational/transcriptional regulatory transformer gene rfaH of these bacteria were analysed. The MICs of kanamycin, chloramphenicol, meropenem, and ciprofloxacin were determined to be 1, 2, 0.03 and 0.03 µg/mL for R. ornithinolytica; 0.6, 6, 0.03 and 0.05 µg/mL for P. agglomerans; and 2, 5, 0.04 and 0.2 µg/mL for K. quasivariicola. The growth kinetics and biofilm formation ability decreased for all three isolates at sub-MICs. The surface polysaccharides of R. ornithinolytica and P. agglomerans increased at sub-MICs. There was no significant change in the siderophore activities of the bacterial isolates, with the exception of MIC/2 meropenem in R. ornithinolytica and MIC/2 kanamycin in K. quasivariicola. It was observed that the sub-MICs of meropenem and ciprofloxacin caused significant changes in bacterial morphology. In addition, the expression of rfaH in R. ornithinolytica and K. quasivariicola increased with the sub-MICs of the selected antibiotics.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Meropenem; Enterobacteriaceae; Ciprofloxacin; Bacteria; Kanamycin; Chloramphenicol; Siderophores; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 38240926
DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03877-w -
Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2023Infective endocarditis remains a condition associated with high morbidity and mortality, regardless of advances in diagnosis and therapeutics. The etiology,...
Infective endocarditis remains a condition associated with high morbidity and mortality, regardless of advances in diagnosis and therapeutics. The etiology, microbiology, and epidemiology of infective endocarditis have changed in the last years, with healthcare-associated infective endocarditis being responsible for a myriad of cases. is rarely the cause of infective endocarditis. We present a 72-year-old Caucasian female with a history of mitral valve replacement for rheumatic valve disease two months before the current presentation, without any immunosuppressive pathologies, diagnosed with infective endocarditis. Long-drawn antibiotic treatment led to a full recovery with no evidence of recurrence or relapse. This report highlights the importance of a multimodal approach for the diagnosis of bacterial etiology, the importance of selection and duration of an appropriate antibiotic regimen, and the presence of a rare opportunistic bacteria that has proven pathogenicity in a wide range of organ systems, usually in patients with several risk factors.
PubMed: 37873777
DOI: 10.3390/diseases11040133 -
Microbiology Spectrum Dec 2023Plasmid-mediated mobile colistin-resistance genes have been recognized as a global threat because they jeopardize the efficacy of colistin in therapeutic practice. Here,...
Plasmid-mediated mobile colistin-resistance genes have been recognized as a global threat because they jeopardize the efficacy of colistin in therapeutic practice. Here, we described the genetic features of two -carrying Gram-negative bacteria with a colistin-resistant phenotype derived from vegetables in Japan. The colistin-resistant , which has never been detected in vegetables, was located on a large plasmid in CST17-2 and CST129-1, suggesting a high chance of horizontal gene transfer. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of in . This study indicates that fresh vegetables might be a potential source for the transmission of genes encoding resistance to frontline (colistin) and clinically relevant antimicrobials. The study also provides additional consideration for colistin use and the relevance of routine surveillance in epidemiological perspective to curb the continuous spread of alleles.
Topics: Colistin; Enterobacter cloacae; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Vegetables; Japan; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Plasmids; Transferases; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 37909761
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01063-23 -
The Science of the Total Environment Aug 2023Here we report the detection of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) isolated from Swedish wastewater and gull faeces. CPE have not been detected in samples...
Here we report the detection of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) isolated from Swedish wastewater and gull faeces. CPE have not been detected in samples from animals in Sweden preceding this report. Sampling of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) inlet and outlet, sedimentation basins, surface seawater from key aquatic bird habitats and freshly deposited gull faeces was done on six separate occasions during May to September 2021. Following broth enrichment, selective screening of putative CPE was performed on mSuperCarba™ (CHROMagar). Species identification was done with MALDI-TOF. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed according to EUCAST. In total, seventeen CPE were verified by genome sequencing carrying bla, bla, bla or bla. The bla was carried on IncP plasmids in four different species; Escherichia coli ST10 isolated from WWTP outlet, Raoultella ornithinolytica isolated from WWTP inlet, outlet and sedimentation basins as well as gull faeces collected at the WWTP and Klebsiella spp. isolates from WWTP inlet and outlet. The genetic environment surrounding bla was similar in two Citrobacter freundii causing human infections. The bla was carried on IncFII(Yp) plasmids in four Enterobacter ludwigii, isolated from WWTP outlet and gull faeces collected at a recreational city park 2 km from the WWTP. The bla was located on a COLKP3 plasmid found in an E. coli, while bla was chromosomally located in an E. coli ST10, both isolated from WWTP inlet. Phylogenetic analysis of R. ornithinolytica and E. ludwigii isolates indicate that the gulls carried strains related to those identified in the WWTP samples. The results thus add to the increasing evidence of WWTPs as anthropogenic reservoirs for mobile genetic elements with antibiotic-resistance functionality. Such environments could profoundly impact the dissemination and spread of such genetic elements via for example aquatic birds, thereby warranting further study and surveillance.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Wastewater; Charadriiformes; Sweden; Escherichia coli; Phylogeny; Bacterial Proteins; beta-Lactamases; Plasmids; Water Purification; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 37164093
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163997