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Neurobiology of Disease Apr 2024Neuroinflammation contributes to the pathology and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and it can be observed even with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a prodromal...
Neuroinflammation contributes to the pathology and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and it can be observed even with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a prodromal phase of AD. Free water (FW) imaging estimates the extracellular water content and has been used to study neuroinflammation across several neurological diseases including AD. Recently, the role of gut microbiota has been implicated in the pathogenesis of AD. The relationship between FW imaging and gut microbiota was examined in patients with AD and MCI. Fifty-six participants underwent neuropsychological assessments, FW imaging, and gut microbiota analysis targeting the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. They were categorized into the cognitively normal control (NC) (n = 19), MCI (n = 19), and AD (n = 18) groups according to the neuropsychological assessments. The correlations of FW values, neuropsychological assessment scores, and the relative abundance of gut microbiota were analyzed. FW was higher in several white matter tracts and in gray matter regions, predominantly the frontal, temporal, limbic and paralimbic regions in the AD/MCI group than in the NC group. In the AD/MCI group, higher FW values in the temporal (superior temporal and temporal pole), limbic and paralimbic (insula, hippocampus and amygdala) regions were the most associated with worse neuropsychological assessment scores. In the AD/MCI group, FW values in these regions were negatively correlated with the relative abundances of butyrate-producing genera Anaerostipes, Lachnospiraceae UCG-004, and [Ruminococcus] gnavus group, which showed a significant decreasing trend in the order of the NC, MCI, and AD groups. The present study showed that increased FW in the gray matter regions related to cognitive impairment was associated with low abundances of butyrate producers in the AD/MCI group. These findings suggest an association between neuroinflammation and decreased levels of the short-chain fatty acid butyrate that is one of the major gut microbial metabolites having a potentially beneficial role in brain homeostasis.
Topics: Humans; Gray Matter; Alzheimer Disease; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Butyrates; Neuroinflammatory Diseases; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Cognitive Dysfunction; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
PubMed: 38452948
DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106464 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2024The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of a mixture of Chinese medicinal residues (CMRs) consisting of residues (SMR) and residues (IRR) on productive...
The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of a mixture of Chinese medicinal residues (CMRs) consisting of residues (SMR) and residues (IRR) on productive performance, egg quality, serum lipid and hormone levels, liver and blood antioxidant capacity, oviduct inflammation levels, and gut microbiota in the late-laying stage. A total of 288 fifty-four-week-old long-tailed hens were divided into four groups. The feed trial period was 8 weeks. The control group was fed the basic diet as a CCMR group, supplemented with 3, 4, and 6% for the experimental groups LCMR, MCMR, and HCMR. The egg production rate of the MCMR group was 8.1% higher than that of the CCMR group ( < 0.05). Serum triglyceride (TG) levels of hens of the CMR-supplemented group were significantly decreased than those of the CCMR group ( < 0.05). The group supplemented with different levels of CMR had significantly higher serum HDL-C levels compared with the control group ( < 0.05). Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were remarkably increased for the LCMR and MCMR groups and significantly decreased for the HCMR group compared to CCMR ( < 0.05). Serum and liver glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activities were significantly increased, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly decreased in the MCMR group compared to the CCMR group ( < 0.05). The expression levels of tubal inflammatory factor markers (IL-4, IL-1β, TNF-α) in the MCMR and HCMR groups were consistent with the pathological findings of the sections. As for cecal microbiota, supplementation with CMR affected the alpha diversity of the cecum microbiome at the genus level. The Shannon index was significantly higher in the MCMR group than in the CCMR and HCMR groups ( < 0.05). Supplementation with different levels of CMR mainly regulated the ratio of intestinal to and the abundance of phyla such as . In addition, CMR supplementation at different levels in the diet enriched lipid-metabolizing bacteria, such as and . Furthermore, according to linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) analysis, the MCMR group showed an increase in the number of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria and fiber-degrading specialized bacteria . Therefore, supplementation of appropriate amounts of CMR to the diet of laying hens enhanced reproductive hormone levels, hepatic antioxidant capacity, and lipid metabolism, alleviated the levels of oviductal inflammatory factors, and modulated the abundance structure of bacterial flora to improve the late-laying performance and egg quality. The results of the current study showed that CMR is a beneficial feed supplement for chickens when added in moderation.
PubMed: 38764854
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1381226 -
Cancers Oct 2023Numerous studies have correlated dysbiosis in stool microbiota with colorectal cancer (CRC); however, fewer studies have investigated the mucosal microbiome in...
Numerous studies have correlated dysbiosis in stool microbiota with colorectal cancer (CRC); however, fewer studies have investigated the mucosal microbiome in pre-cancerous bowel polyps. The short-read sequencing of variable regions in the 16S rRNA gene has commonly been used to infer bacterial taxonomy, and this has led, in part, to inconsistent findings between studies. Here, we examined mucosal microbiota from patients who presented with one or more polyps, compared to patients with no polyps, at the time of colonoscopy. We evaluated the results obtained using both short-read and PacBio long-read 16S rRNA sequencing. Neither sequencing technology identified significant differences in microbial diversity measures between patients with or without bowel polyps. Differential abundance measures showed that amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) associated with and were elevated in mucosa from polyp patients, while ASVs associated with , , and were relatively decreased. Only was consistently identified using both sequencing technologies as being altered between patients with polyps compared to patients without polyps, suggesting differences in technologies and bioinformatics processing impact study findings. Several of the differentially abundant bacteria identified using either sequencing technology are associated with inflammatory bowel diseases despite these patients being excluded from the current study, which suggests that early bowel neoplasia may be associated with a local inflammatory niche.
PubMed: 37894412
DOI: 10.3390/cancers15205045 -
BMC Psychiatry Jan 2024Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by sadness and anhedonia, but also physical symptoms such as changes in appetite and weight. Gut microbiota has been...
BACKGROUND
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by sadness and anhedonia, but also physical symptoms such as changes in appetite and weight. Gut microbiota has been hypothesized to be involved in MDD through gut-brain axis signaling. Moreover, antidepressants display antibacterial properties in the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to compare the gut microbiota and systemic inflammatory profile of young patients with MDD before and after initiation of antidepressant treatment and/or psychotherapy in comparison with a non-depressed control group (nonMDD).
METHODS
Fecal and blood samples were collected at baseline and at follow-up after four and twelve weeks, respectively. Patients started treatment immediately after collection of the baseline samples. The gut microbiota was characterized by 16 S rRNA gene sequencing targeting the hypervariable V4 region. Plasma levels of 49 unique immune markers were assessed using Mesoscale.
RESULTS
In total, 27 MDD patients and 32 nonMDD controls were included in the study. The gut microbiota in the baseline samples of MDD versus nonMDD participants did not differ regarding α- or β-diversity. However, there was a higher relative abundance of the genera Ruminococcus gnavus group, and a lower relative abundance of the genera Desulfovibrio, Tyzzerella, Megamonas, Olsenella, Gordonibacter, Allisonella and Rothia in the MDD group compared to the nonMDD group. In the MDD group, there was an increase in the genera Rothia, Desulfovibrio, Gordinobacteer and Lactobacillus, while genera belonging to the Firmicutes phylum were found depleted at twelve weeks follow-up compared to baseline. In the MDD group, IL-7, IL-8 and IL-17b levels were elevated compared to the nonMDD group at baseline. Furthermore, MDI score in the MDD group was found to correlate with Bray-Curtis dissimilarity at baseline, and several inflammatory markers at both baseline and after initiation of antidepressant treatment.
CONCLUSION
Several bacterial taxa differed between the MDD group and the nonMDD group at baseline and changed in relative abundance during antidepressant treatment and/or psychotherapy. The MDD group was furthermore found to have a pro-inflammatory profile compared to the nonMDD group at baseline. Further studies are required to investigate the gut microbiota and pro-inflammatory profile of patients with MDD.
Topics: Humans; Depressive Disorder, Major; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Antidepressive Agents; Cognition; Psychotherapy
PubMed: 38297265
DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05547-z -
Scientific Reports Apr 2024Gut microbiome dysbiosis contributes to the pathophysiology of both gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and its associated adverse outcomes in the woman and offspring....
Gut microbiome dysbiosis contributes to the pathophysiology of both gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and its associated adverse outcomes in the woman and offspring. Even though GDM prevalence, complications, and outcomes vary among different ethnic groups, limited information is available about the influence of ethnicity on gut microbiome dysbiosis in pregnancies complicated by GDM. This pilot prospective cohort study examined the impact of ethnicity on gut dysbiosis in GDM among three Asian ethnic groups (Chinese, Malay, Indian) living in Singapore, and investigated the potential modulatory roles of diet and lifestyle modifications on gut microbiome post-GDM diagnosis. Women with GDM (n = 53) and without GDM (n = 16) were recruited. Fecal samples were collected at 24-28- and 36-40-weeks' gestation and analyzed by targeted 16S rRNA gene-based amplicon sequencing. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) analysis was performed to evaluate differences between groups. Differentially abundant taxa were identified by DeSeq2 based analysis. Functional prediction was performed using the phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states (PICRUSt2). Among women with GDM, gut microbiome from different ethnicities harbored common microbial features. However, among those without GDM, there was contrasting microbiome composition between ethnic groups. Microbial members such as Collinsella, Blautia, Ruminococcus, Ruminococcus gnavus, Ruminococcus torques, and Eubacterium hallii groups were differentially enriched (p < 0.05) in women with GDM compared to those without. Among women with GDM, no differences in alpha- and beta- diversity were observed when comparing 24-28 weeks' samples with 36-40 weeks' samples, a period covering intense dietary and lifestyle modification, suggesting an inability to modulate gut microbiota through classic GDM management. Women with GDM have a distinct gut microbiome profile which harbours common features across different Asian ethnic groups, consistent with the notion that specific microbes are involved in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, pro-inflammatory conditions, and other metabolic dysregulation known to be present in GDM.
Topics: Humans; Female; Pregnancy; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Diabetes, Gestational; Dysbiosis; Pilot Projects; Adult; Singapore; Prospective Studies; Asian People; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Diet; Ethnicity; Feces; Bacteria
PubMed: 38684759
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60386-y -
Nutrients Feb 2024Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is primarily caused by long-term excessive alcohol consumption. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) is a widely occurring natural anthocyanin with...
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is primarily caused by long-term excessive alcohol consumption. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) is a widely occurring natural anthocyanin with multiple biological activities. This study aims to investigate the effects of C3G isolated from black rice on ALD and explore the potential mechanism. C57BL/6J mice (male) were fed with standard diet (CON) and Lieber-DeCarli liquid-fed (Eth) or supplemented with a 100 mg/kg/d C3G Diet (Eth-C3G), respectively. Our results showed that C3G could effectively ameliorate the pathological structure and liver function, and also inhibited the accumulation of liver lipids. C3G supplementation could partially alleviate the injury of intestinal barrier in the alcohol-induced mice. C3G supplementation could increase the abundance of , meanwhile, the abundances of , , , , , , , , , , , were decreased. Spearman's correlation analysis showed that 12 distinct genera were correlated with blood lipid levels. Non-targeted metabolic analyses of cecal contents showed that C3G supplementation could affect the composition of intestinal metabolites, particularly bile acids. In conclusion, C3G can attenuate alcohol-induced liver injury by modulating the gut microbiota and metabolites, suggesting its potential as a functional food ingredient against alcoholic liver disease.
Topics: Mice; Male; Animals; Anthocyanins; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Liver; Liver Diseases, Alcoholic; Glucosides
PubMed: 38474822
DOI: 10.3390/nu16050694 -
Nutrients Apr 2024Exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) is effective in inducing remission in pediatric Crohn disease (CD). EEN alters the intestinal microbiome, but precise mechanisms are...
Exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) is effective in inducing remission in pediatric Crohn disease (CD). EEN alters the intestinal microbiome, but precise mechanisms are unknown. We hypothesized that pre-diagnosis diet establishes a baseline gut microbiome, which then mediates response to EEN. We analyzed prospectively recorded food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) for pre-diagnosis dietary patterns. Fecal microbiota were sequenced (16SrRNA) at baseline and through an 18-month follow-up period. Dietary patterns, Mediterranean diet adherence, and stool microbiota were associated with EEN treatment outcomes, disease flare, need for anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α therapy, and long-term clinical outcomes. Ninety-eight patients were included. Baseline disease severity and microbiota were associated with diet. Four dietary patterns were identified by FFQs; a "mature diet" high in fruits, vegetables, and fish was linked to increased baseline microbial diversity, which was associated with fewer disease flares ( < 0.05) and a trend towards a delayed need for anti-TNF therapy ( = 0.086). Baseline stool microbial taxa were increased ( and ) or decreased ( group) with the mature diet compared to other diets. Surprisingly, a "pre-packaged" dietary pattern (rich in processed foods) was associated with delayed flares in males ( < 0.05). Long-term pre-diagnosis diet was associated with outcomes of EEN therapy in pediatric CD; diet-microbiota and microbiota-outcome associations may mediate this relationship.
Topics: Animals; Male; Child; Humans; Enteral Nutrition; Crohn Disease; Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors; Microbiota; Diet, Mediterranean
PubMed: 38613066
DOI: 10.3390/nu16071033