-
Tomography (Ann Arbor, Mich.) Jun 2023The skull base provides a platform for supporting the brain while serving as a conduit for major neurovascular structures. In addition to malignant lesions originating... (Review)
Review
The skull base provides a platform for supporting the brain while serving as a conduit for major neurovascular structures. In addition to malignant lesions originating in the skull base, there are many benign entities and developmental variants that may simulate disease. Therefore, a basic understanding of the relevant embryology is essential. Lesions centered in the skull base can extend to the adjacent intracranial and extracranial compartments; conversely, the skull base can be secondarily involved by primary extracranial and intracranial disease. CT and MRI are the mainstay imaging methods and are complementary in the evaluation of skull base lesions. Advances in cross-sectional imaging have been crucial in the management of patients with skull base pathology, as this represents a complex anatomical area that is hidden from direct clinical exam. Furthermore, the clinician must rely on imaging studies for therapy planning and to monitor treatment response. It is crucial to have a thorough understanding of skull base anatomy and its various pathologies, as well as to recognize the appearance of treatment-related changes. In this review, we aim to describe skull base tumors and tumor-like lesions in an anatomical compartmental approach and present imaging methods that aid in diagnosis, management, and follow-up.
Topics: Humans; Skull Base Neoplasms; Diagnostic Imaging; Brain
PubMed: 37489465
DOI: 10.3390/tomography9040097 -
Clinical & Translational Oncology :... Jan 2024Recent studies have revealed the impact of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the carcinogenic process. miR-424 is a miRNA whose role in this process is being to be identified.... (Review)
Review
Recent studies have revealed the impact of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the carcinogenic process. miR-424 is a miRNA whose role in this process is being to be identified. Experiments in the ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, neuroblastoma, breast cancer, osteosarcoma, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, prostate cancer, endometrial cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, hemangioma and gastric cancer have reported down-regulation of miR-424. On the other hand, this miRNA has been found to be up-regulated in melanoma, laryngeal and esophageal squamous cell carcinomas, glioma, multiple myeloma and thyroid cancer. Expression of this miRNA is regulated by methylation status of its promoter. Besides, LINC00641, CCAT2, PVT1, LIN00657, LINC00511 and NNT-AS1 are among lncRNAs that act as molecular sponges for miR-424, thus regulating its expression. Moreover, several members of SNHG family of lncRNAs have been found to regulate expression of miR-424. This miRNA is also involved in the regulation of E2F transcription factors. The current review aims at summarization of the role of miR-424 in the process of cancer evolution and its impact on clinical outcome of patients in order to find appropriate markers for malignancies.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; RNA, Long Noncoding; Lung Neoplasms; MicroRNAs; Carcinogenesis; Esophageal Neoplasms; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Cell Proliferation; Cell Line, Tumor
PubMed: 37178445
DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03209-2 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Dec 2023In this case report, a 61-year-old male presented with odynophagia and ulceration in palatum durum after inhalating dust from machinery containing a weak acid. It was at...
In this case report, a 61-year-old male presented with odynophagia and ulceration in palatum durum after inhalating dust from machinery containing a weak acid. It was at first diagnosed as an acidic ulcer due to two biopsies verifying this. Because of progressing ulceration a third biopsy was taken - this time with the diagnosis extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type. This illustrates the diagnostic challenges of the illness, typically requiring multiple biopsies, and one should have this differential diagnosis in mind in case of progressing ulceration.
Topics: Male; Humans; Middle Aged; Lymphoma, Extranodal NK-T-Cell; Nose Neoplasms; Nose; Biopsy; Diagnosis, Differential
PubMed: 38078472
DOI: No ID Found -
Pathologie (Heidelberg, Germany) Jul 2023Maxillofacial tumours cover a broad spectrum of lesions, including neoplasms, hamartomatous changes and developmental disorders. Since the beginning of 2022, a beta... (Review)
Review
Maxillofacial tumours cover a broad spectrum of lesions, including neoplasms, hamartomatous changes and developmental disorders. Since the beginning of 2022, a beta version of the 5th edition of the WHO classification for head and neck tumours has been available online, and a print version is expected to be published in mid-2023. From a conceptual point of view, little has been changed compared to the 4th edition; the sort order of lesions is more rigorously arranged according to benign and malignant behaviour and identical tumour types are no longer described redundantly in different chapters depending on their location. The diagnostic criteria are now summarized as "essential" and "desirable", and in addition to the clinical features, imaging is now also incorporated, providing an interdisciplinary approach to the classification. A few new entities are included for the first time. This article gives an overview of the main changes introduced in the new WHO classification with a special emphasis on fibro-osseous lesions of the craniofacial skeleton.
Topics: Humans; World Health Organization; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Jaw Neoplasms; Bone and Bones; Hamartoma
PubMed: 37179260
DOI: 10.1007/s00292-023-01195-4 -
The Journal of Pediatrics Nov 2023
Topics: Humans; Dermoid Cyst; Nose Neoplasms; Nose; Fistula
PubMed: 36822508
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2023.01.022 -
Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology Aug 2023Given the low incidence, variety of histological types, and heterogeneous biological features of head and neck sarcomas, there is limited high-quality evidence available... (Review)
Review
Given the low incidence, variety of histological types, and heterogeneous biological features of head and neck sarcomas, there is limited high-quality evidence available to head and neck oncologists. For resectable sarcomas, surgical resection followed by radiotherapy is the principle of local treatment, and perioperative chemotherapy is considered for chemotherapy-sensitive sarcomas. They often originate in anatomical border areas such as the skull base and mediastinum, and they require a multidisciplinary treatment approach considering functional and cosmetic impairment. Moreover, head and neck sarcomas may exhibit different behaviour and characteristics than sarcomas of other areas. In recent years, the molecular biological features of sarcomas have been used for the pathological diagnosis and development of novel agents. This review describes the historical background and recent topics that head and neck oncologists should know about this rare tumour from the following five perspectives: (i) epidemiology and general characteristics of head and neck sarcomas; (ii) changes in histopathological diagnosis in the genomic era; (iii) current standard treatment by histological type and clinical questions specific to head and neck; (iv) new drugs for advanced and metastatic soft tissue sarcomas; and (v) proton and carbon ion radiotherapy for head and neck sarcomas.
Topics: Humans; Sarcoma; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Soft Tissue Neoplasms; Neck
PubMed: 37309253
DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyad048 -
Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal Oct 2023Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma is a benign vascular tumor seen predominantly in adolescent males in the second decade of life. Extranasopharyngeal angiofibroma...
Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma is a benign vascular tumor seen predominantly in adolescent males in the second decade of life. Extranasopharyngeal angiofibroma includes vascular fibrous masses that occur outside the nasopharynx. The diagnosis of an angiofibroma is based on the clinical presentation and imaging, with biopsies being avoided to avoid excessive bleeding. Computed tomography scan is considered sufficient for the diagnosis of extranasopharyngeal angiofibroma as it clearly delineates and identifies the tumor.
Topics: Male; Adolescent; Humans; Nose Neoplasms; Angiofibroma; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms; Nasal Septum; Nasopharynx; Respiratory Tract Neoplasms
PubMed: 34134540
DOI: 10.1177/01455613211026517 -
Missouri Medicine 2024The landscape of the cranial neurosurgery has changed tremendously in past couple of decades. The main frontiers including introduction of neuro-endoscopy, minimally... (Review)
Review
The landscape of the cranial neurosurgery has changed tremendously in past couple of decades. The main frontiers including introduction of neuro-endoscopy, minimally invasive skull base approaches, SRS, laser interstitial thermal therapy and use of tubular retractors have revolutionized the management of intracerebral hemorrhages, deep seated tumors other intracranial pathologies. Introduction of these novel techniques is based on smaller incisions with maximal operative corridors, decreased blood loss, shorter hospital stays, decreased post-operative pain and cosmetically appealing scars that improves patient satisfaction and clinical outcomes. The sophisticated tools like neuroendoscopy have improved light source, and better visualization around the corners. Advanced navigated tools and channel-based retractors help us to target deeply seated lesions with increased precision and minimal disruption of the surrounding neurovascular tissues. Advent of stereotactic radiosurgery has provided us alternative feasible, safe and effective options for treatment of patients who are otherwise not medically stable to undergo complex cranial surgical interventions. This paper review advances in treatment of intracranial pathologies, and how the neurosurgeons and other medical providers at the University of Missouri-Columbia (UMC) are optimizing these treatments for their patients.
Topics: Humans; Neurosurgical Procedures; Radiosurgery; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Brain Neoplasms; Neuroendoscopy
PubMed: 38694609
DOI: No ID Found