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Nature Communications Oct 2023Shading in combination with extended photoperiods can cause exaggerated stem elongation (ESE) in soybean, leading to lodging and reduced yields when planted at...
Shading in combination with extended photoperiods can cause exaggerated stem elongation (ESE) in soybean, leading to lodging and reduced yields when planted at high-density in high-latitude regions. However, the genetic basis of plant height in adaptation to these regions remains unclear. Here, through a genome-wide association study, we identify a plant height regulating gene on chromosome 13 (PH13) encoding a WD40 protein with three main haplotypes in natural populations. We find that an insertion of a Ty1/Copia-like retrotransposon in the haplotype 3 leads to a truncated PH13 with reduced interaction with GmCOP1s, resulting in accumulation of STF1/2, and reduced plant height. In addition, PH13 allele has been strongly selected for genetic improvement at high latitudes. Deletion of both PH13 and its paralogue PHP can prevent shade-induced ESE and allow high-density planting. This study provides insights into the mechanism of shade-resistance and offers potential solutions for breeding high-yielding soybean cultivar for high-latitude regions.
Topics: Glycine max; Genome-Wide Association Study; Plant Breeding; Phenotype; Retroelements
PubMed: 37884530
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42608-5 -
The Plant Cell May 2024Synergistic optimization of key agronomic traits by traditional breeding has dramatically enhanced crop productivity in the past decades. However, the genetic basis...
Synergistic optimization of key agronomic traits by traditional breeding has dramatically enhanced crop productivity in the past decades. However, the genetic basis underlying coordinated regulation of yield- and quality-related traits remains poorly understood. Here, we dissected the genetic architectures of seed weight and oil content by combining genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) using 421 soybean (Glycine max) accessions. We identified 26 and 33 genetic loci significantly associated with seed weight and oil content by GWAS, respectively, and detected 5,276 expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) regulating expression of 3,347 genes based on population transcriptomes. Interestingly, a gene module (IC79), regulated by two eQTL hotspots, exhibited significant correlation with both seed weigh and oil content. Twenty-two candidate causal genes for seed traits were further prioritized by TWAS, including Regulator of Weight and Oil of Seed 1 (GmRWOS1), which encodes a sodium pump protein. GmRWOS1 was verified to pleiotropically regulate seed weight and oil content by gene knockout and overexpression. Notably, allelic variations of GmRWOS1 were strongly selected during domestication of soybean. This study uncovers the genetic basis and network underlying regulation of seed weight and oil content in soybean and provides a valuable resource for improving soybean yield and quality by molecular breeding.
Topics: Glycine max; Seeds; Quantitative Trait Loci; Genome-Wide Association Study; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Transcriptome; Plant Oils; Soybean Oil; Phenotype; Plant Proteins; Multiomics
PubMed: 38412459
DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae062 -
ABIOTECH Dec 2023Soybean () is an essential economic crop that provides vegetative oil and protein for humans, worldwide. Increasing soybean yield as well as improving seed quality is of... (Review)
Review
Soybean () is an essential economic crop that provides vegetative oil and protein for humans, worldwide. Increasing soybean yield as well as improving seed quality is of great importance. Seed weight/size, oil and protein content are the three major traits determining seed quality, and seed weight also influences soybean yield. In recent years, the availability of soybean omics data and the development of related techniques have paved the way for better research on soybean functional genomics, providing a comprehensive understanding of gene functions. This review summarizes the regulatory genes that influence seed size/weight, oil content and protein content in soybean. We also provided a general overview of the pleiotropic effect for the genes in controlling seed traits and environmental stresses. Ultimately, it is expected that this review will be beneficial in breeding improved traits in soybean.
PubMed: 38106437
DOI: 10.1007/s42994-023-00122-8 -
The Plant Genome Dec 2023In addition to the challenge of meeting global demand for food production, there are increasing concerns about food safety and the need to protect consumer health from... (Review)
Review
In addition to the challenge of meeting global demand for food production, there are increasing concerns about food safety and the need to protect consumer health from the negative effects of foodborne allergies. Certain bio-molecules (usually proteins) present in food can act as allergens that trigger unusual immunological reactions, with potentially life-threatening consequences. The relentless working lifestyles of the modern era often incorporate poor eating habits that include readymade prepackaged and processed foods, which contain additives such as peanuts, tree nuts, wheat, and soy-based products, rather than traditional home cooking. Of the predominant allergenic foods (soybean, wheat, fish, peanut, shellfish, tree nuts, eggs, and milk), peanuts (Arachis hypogaea) are the best characterized source of allergens, followed by tree nuts (Juglans regia, Prunus amygdalus, Corylus avellana, Carya illinoinensis, Anacardium occidentale, Pistacia vera, Bertholletia excels), wheat (Triticum aestivum), soybeans (Glycine max), and kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). The prevalence of food allergies has risen significantly in recent years including chance of accidental exposure to such foods. In contrast, the standards of detection, diagnosis, and cure have not kept pace and unfortunately are often suboptimal. In this review, we mainly focus on the prevalence of allergies associated with peanut, tree nuts, wheat, soybean, and kidney bean, highlighting their physiological properties and functions as well as considering research directions for tailoring allergen gene expression. In particular, we discuss how recent advances in molecular breeding, genetic engineering, and genome editing can be used to develop potential low allergen food crops that protect consumer health.
Topics: Animals; Food Hypersensitivity; Nuts; Arachis; Allergens; Glycine max; Crops, Agricultural
PubMed: 37641460
DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20375 -
Microorganisms Mar 2024Mycotoxins are carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic toxic compounds produced by some filamentous fungi, which are extremely harmful to corn, rice, wheat, peanut,... (Review)
Review
Mycotoxins are carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic toxic compounds produced by some filamentous fungi, which are extremely harmful to corn, rice, wheat, peanut, soybean, rapeseed and other grain and oil crops, and seriously threaten environmental safety, food safety and human health. With the rapid increase in the global population and the expansion of the main crop planting area, mycotoxin contamination has increased year by year in agricultural products. The current review aimed to summarize the contamination status and harmful effects of major mycotoxins of grain and oil crops and the environmental factors that impact mycotoxin contamination. Further, control measures of mycotoxin contamination, especially the biological control strategies, were discussed.
PubMed: 38543618
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12030567 -
PeerJ 2023Mutation breeding is one of the effective techniques used for improving desired traits such as yield quality and quantity in economic crops. The present study aims to...
Mutation breeding is one of the effective techniques used for improving desired traits such as yield quality and quantity in economic crops. The present study aims to develop oil and protein contents in addition to high yield attributes in soybean using gamma rays as a mutagen. Seeds of the soybean genotypes Giza 21, Giza 22, Giza 82, Giza 83 and 117 were treated with gamma rays doses 50, 100, 200 and 300 Gy. Plants were then scored based on morphological parameters correlated with yield quantity including plant height, seed weight and valuable protein and oil contents. Mutant lines exhibiting the highest yield attributes were selected and used as parents for M2 generation. The M2 progeny was further assessed based on their ability to maintain their yield attributes. Twenty mutant lines were selected and used as M3 lines. The yield parameters inferred a positive effect of gamma irradiation on the collected M3 mutant lines compared to their parental genotypes. 100 Gy of gamma rays gave the highest effect on the number of pods, branches and seeds per plant in addition to protein content, while 200 Gy was more effective in increasing plant height, number of pods per plant, and oil content. Six mutant lines scored the highest yield parameters. Further assessment inferred an inverse relationship between oil and protein content in most of the tested cultivars with high agronomic features. However, four mutant lines recorded high content of oil and protein besides their high seed yield as well, which elect them as potential candidates for large-scale evaluation. The correlation among examined parameters was further confirmed principal component analysis (PCA), which inferred a positive correlation between the number of pods, branches, seeds, and seed weight. Conversely, oil and protein content were inversely correlated in most of yielded mutant lines. Together, those findings introduce novel soybean lines with favorable agronomic traits for the market. In addition, our research sheds light on the value of using gamma rays treatment in enhancing genetic variability in soybean and improving oil, protein contents and seed yield.
Topics: Soybean Oil; Gamma Rays; Plant Breeding; Glycine max; Mutation
PubMed: 38025746
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16395 -
The Plant Genome Dec 2023Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is a globally important crop due to its valuable seed composition, versatile feed, food, and industrial end-uses, and consistent genetic... (Review)
Review
Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is a globally important crop due to its valuable seed composition, versatile feed, food, and industrial end-uses, and consistent genetic gain. Successful genetic gain in soybean has led to widespread adaptation and increased value for producers, processors, and consumers. Specific focus on the nutritional quality of soybean seed composition for food and feed has further elucidated genetic knowledge and bolstered breeding progress. Seed components are historical and current targets for soybean breeders seeking to improve nutritional quality of soybean. This article reviews genetic and genomic foundations for improvement of nutritionally important traits, such as protein and amino acids, oil and fatty acids, carbohydrates, and specific food-grade considerations; discusses the application of advanced breeding technology such as CRISPR/Cas9 in creating seed composition variations; and provides future directions and breeding recommendations regarding soybean seed composition traits.
Topics: Glycine max; Plant Breeding; Phenotype; Genomics; Nutritive Value
PubMed: 38084377
DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20415 -
Frontiers in Plant Science 2023Soybean ( L. Merr.) is a crucial oilseed cash crop grown worldwide and consumed as oil, protein, and food by humans and feed by animals. Comparatively, soybean seed... (Review)
Review
Soybean ( L. Merr.) is a crucial oilseed cash crop grown worldwide and consumed as oil, protein, and food by humans and feed by animals. Comparatively, soybean seed yield is lower than cereal crops, such as maize, rice, and wheat, and the demand for soybean production does not keep up with the increasing consumption level. Therefore, increasing soybean yield per unit area is the most crucial breeding objective and is challenging for the scientific community. Moreover, yield and associated traits are extensively researched in cereal crops, but little is known about soybeans' genetics, genomics, and molecular regulation of yield traits. Soybean seed yield is a complex quantitative trait governed by multiple genes. Understanding the genetic and molecular processes governing closely related attributes to seed yield is crucial to increasing soybean yield. Advances in sequencing technologies have made it possible to conduct functional genomic research to understand yield traits' genetic and molecular underpinnings. Here, we provide an overview of recent progress in the genetic regulation of seed size in soybean, molecular, genetics, and genomic bases of yield, and related key seed yield traits. In addition, phytohormones, such as auxin, gibberellins, cytokinins, and abscisic acid, regulate seed size and yield. Hence, we also highlight the implications of these factors, challenges in soybean yield, and seed trait improvement. The information reviewed in this study will help expand the knowledge base and may provide the way forward for developing high-yielding soybean cultivars for future food demands.
PubMed: 38034572
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1195210 -
Open Life Sciences 2023As a result of global warming, drought, flooding, change in the rainfall pattern, etc. occur frequently. All these natural disasters could cause serious damage to the...
As a result of global warming, drought, flooding, change in the rainfall pattern, etc. occur frequently. All these natural disasters could cause serious damage to the food security. Soybean is one of the most important oil crops in China. In recent years, the changing climate has brought many uncertain risks to the growth and production of soybean. In this study, based on the local meteorological, soil, and soybean growth-related experimental data, the effects of high temperature and drought stress on soybean were tested. The test parameters were leaf area index (LAI) and dry matter weight, while the analytical tool used was World Food Studies Model crop model. The research was carried out in Hailun City, Heilongjiang Province, China. The results showed that warming stress shortened the growth period of soybean and reduced the LAI and dry matter accumulation. On the other hand, drought stress also showed a significant impact on the growth period as well as reduced LAI and dry matter accumulation. Comparing the whole growth as well as the flowering-stage to seed-filling-stage treatments of soybean, the results were found very similar. It indicated that the soybean growth from flowering to seed-filling stage was strongly affected by the external environmental factors. The high temperature and drought disasters in the fruiting stages would have a greater impact on the growth and production of soybean crop.
PubMed: 37800115
DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0717