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BMC Geriatrics Jun 2023Osteosarcopenia is a syndrome with a concomitant presence of both sarcopenia and osteopenia/osteoporosis. It increases the risk of frailty, falls, fractures,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Osteosarcopenia is a syndrome with a concomitant presence of both sarcopenia and osteopenia/osteoporosis. It increases the risk of frailty, falls, fractures, hospitalization, and death. Not only does it burden the lives of older adults, but it also increases the economic burden on health systems around the world. This study aimed to review the prevalence and risk factors of osteosarcopenia to generate important references for clinical work in this area.
METHODS
Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang, CBM, and VIP databases were searched from inception until April 24th, 2022. The quality of studies included in the review was evaluated using the NOS and AHRQ Scale. Pooled effects of the prevalence and associated factors were calculated using random or fixed effects models. Egger's test, Begg's test, and funnel plots were used to test the publication bias. Sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis were conducted to identify the sources of heterogeneity. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata 14.0 and Review Manager 5.4.
RESULTS
A total of 31 studies involving 15,062 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The prevalence of osteosarcopenia ranged from 1.5 to 65.7%, with an overall prevalence of 21% (95% CI: 0.16-0.26). The risk factors for osteosarcopenia were female (OR 5.10, 95% CI: 2.37-10.98), older age (OR 1.12, 95% CI: 1.03-1.21), and fracture (OR 2.92, 95% CI: 1.62-5.25).
CONCLUSION
The prevalence of osteosarcopenia was high. Females, advanced age, and history of fracture were independently associated with osteosarcopenia. It is necessary to adopt integrated multidisciplinary management.
Topics: Humans; Female; Aged; Male; Prevalence; Osteoporosis; Fractures, Bone; Risk Factors; Sarcopenia
PubMed: 37322416
DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04085-9 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023As the most common type of refractive error, myopia has become one of the leading causes of visual impairment. With the increasing prevalence of myopia, there is a... (Review)
Review
As the most common type of refractive error, myopia has become one of the leading causes of visual impairment. With the increasing prevalence of myopia, there is a growing need to better understand the factors involved in its development. Inflammation, one of the most fundamental pathophysiological processes in humans, is a rapid response triggered by harmful stimuli and conditions. Although controlled inflammatory responses are necessary, over-activated inflammation is the common soil for many diseases. The impact of inflammation on myopia has received rising attention in recent years. Elevated inflammation may contribute to myopia progression either directly or indirectly by inducing scleral remodeling, and myopia development may also increase ocular inflammation. This article provides a comprehensive review of the interplay between inflammation and myopia and the potential biological mechanisms, which may present new targets for understanding the pathology of myopia and developing myopia therapies.
Topics: Humans; Myopia; Prevalence
PubMed: 37849748
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1260592 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2023To explore the association between the prevalence of circadian syndrome (CircS) and overactive bladder (OAB).
OBJECTIVE
To explore the association between the prevalence of circadian syndrome (CircS) and overactive bladder (OAB).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Cross-section analysis was based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2018. Data regarding OAB was collected from questionnaires. The association between the prevalence of CircS and OAB was elucidated using three multivariable logistic regression models. Stratified and interaction analyses were performed to find whether some factors can modify the association.
RESULTS
Totally 8,033 males and 8,065 females were included. People with CircS had a significantly higher prevalence of OAB compared to the non-CircS group in the fully-adjusted model (OR = 1.238, 95%CI 1.080-1.419). A significant positive correlation between the number of CircS components and the prevalence of OAB was observed when the components were ≥ 6 (OR = 1.975, 95%CI 1.463-2.665). No significant interaction was seen in the three models.
CONCLUSION
There is a positive association between the prevalence of CircS and OAB. When the number of components is ≥6, the prevalence of OAB shows a strongly positive correlation with the number of CircS components.
Topics: Female; Male; Humans; Adult; Urinary Bladder, Overactive; Nutrition Surveys; Prevalence; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Logistic Models; Syndrome
PubMed: 37637821
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1137191 -
JAMA Network Open Aug 2023The use of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) is widespread yet continues to receive little attention in outpatient services. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
IMPORTANCE
The use of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) is widespread yet continues to receive little attention in outpatient services.
OBJECTIVE
To estimate the overall prevalence of PIM use in outpatient services.
DATA SOURCES
PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched to identify relevant studies published from January 1, 1990, to November 21, 2022.
STUDY SELECTION
Observational studies that reported the prevalence of PIM use among older patients in outpatient services were screened.
DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS
Two reviewers independently selected eligible articles, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to pool the prevalence estimates.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
The global patterns in the prevalence of PIM use among older patients in outpatient services were estimated, and the temporal trends and regional differences in PIM use were investigated.
RESULTS
A total of 94 articles with 132 prevalence estimates were analyzed, including nearly 371.2 million older participants from 17 countries. Overall, the pooled prevalence of PIM use was 36.7% (95% CI, 33.4%-40.0%). Africa had the highest prevalence of PIM use (47.0%; 95% CI, 34.7%-59.4%), followed by South America (46.9%; 95% CI, 35.1%-58.9%), Asia (37.2%; 95% CI, 32.4%-42.2%), Europe (35.0%; 95% CI, 28.5%-41.8%), North America (29.0%; 95% CI, 22.1%-36.3%), and Oceania (23.6%; 95% CI, 18.8%-28.8%). In addition, the prevalence of PIM use is highest in low-income areas. Use of PIMs among older patients has become increasingly prevalent in the past 2 decades.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
This study of patterns of PIM use by different groups, such as geographic regions and World Bank countries, suggests noticeable geographic environment and economic income differences in the burden of PIMs in outpatient services. Furthermore, the high prevalence trend in the past 2 decades indicates that the global burden of PIM use continues to be worthy of attention.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Potentially Inappropriate Medication List; Inappropriate Prescribing; Prevalence; Europe; North America
PubMed: 37531105
DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.26910 -
Australasian Psychiatry : Bulletin of... Feb 2024To hypothesise that a possible increased prevalence of adult-onset attention-deficit disorder (ADD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may reflect...
OBJECTIVE
To hypothesise that a possible increased prevalence of adult-onset attention-deficit disorder (ADD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may reflect mobile technology and digital media use being an aetiological factor.
CONCLUSIONS
Data and clinical observations support but do not prove the hypothesis.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Internet; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Prevalence
PubMed: 37902834
DOI: 10.1177/10398562231211125 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Oct 2023Multimorbidity is often defined as two or more long-term conditions, the definition may, however, vary. This review summarises various definitions of multimorbidity. The... (Review)
Review
Multimorbidity is often defined as two or more long-term conditions, the definition may, however, vary. This review summarises various definitions of multimorbidity. The prevalence of multimorbidity in Denmark is between 7% and 29% depending on data sources and definition and is increasing with age; nonetheless most patients with multimorbidity are of working age. Several multimorbidity indices have been developed for research purposes, but with no clinical consensus. The concept of complex multimorbidity adds psychosocial context and health-care patterns to better describe the group of patients with multimorbidity having the highest needs.
Topics: Humans; Multimorbidity; Prevalence; Chronic Disease
PubMed: 37897386
DOI: No ID Found -
International Wound Journal Nov 2023Venous leg ulcers (VLU) represent a major public health challenge. Little is known about the prevalence and incidence of VLU internationally. Published studies are... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Venous leg ulcers (VLU) represent a major public health challenge. Little is known about the prevalence and incidence of VLU internationally. Published studies are usually reporting different estimates because of disparities in study designs and measurement methods. Therefore, we conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis to identify the prevalence and incidence of VLU internationally and to characterise the population as reported in these studies. Studies were identified from searches in Medline (PubMed), CINAHL Complete (EBSCOhost), Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, LiSSa (Littérature Scientifique en Santé), Google Scholar and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews up to November 2022. Studies were included if their primary outcomes were reported as a period prevalence or point prevalence or cumulative incidence or incidence VLU rate. Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria, 10 reporting estimates of prevalence, three reporting both prevalence and incidence estimates and one incidence. All were included in meta-analyses. The results show a pooled prevalence of 0.32% and a pooled incidence of 0.17%. Our results highlighted an extreme heterogeneity across effect sizes for both prevalence and incidence, which prevent a meaningful interpretation of pooled indexes and argue for further studies with specific prevalence-type reported and target population under study.
Topics: Humans; Prevalence; Incidence; Varicose Ulcer
PubMed: 37293810
DOI: 10.1111/iwj.14272 -
European Journal of Medical Research Jul 2023Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was an important biomarker for the development and prognosis of many diseases. Numerous studies had demonstrated that BUN had a strong...
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was an important biomarker for the development and prognosis of many diseases. Numerous studies had demonstrated that BUN had a strong relationship with long-term mortality, survival and the prevalence of some diseases. The diagnosis and treatment, prognosis and long-term survival rate of cancer were the focus of clinical research at present. However, the relationship between BUN level and cancer prevalence was not clear. To investigate the relationship between BUN level and cancer prevalence, we performed a statistical analysis of population data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. The results of the study showed that BUN level were positively correlated with cancer prevalence, and the correlation was more pronounced in breast cancer.
Topics: Humans; Female; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Nutrition Surveys; Breast Neoplasms; Prevalence
PubMed: 37393332
DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01186-4 -
Nutrients Jul 2023Deficiencies of vitamin B (B) and folate (FA) are of particular interest due to their pleiotropic role in 1-carbon metabolism. In addition to adverse birth outcomes,...
Deficiencies of vitamin B (B) and folate (FA) are of particular interest due to their pleiotropic role in 1-carbon metabolism. In addition to adverse birth outcomes, deficiencies of B and FA, or an imbalance in FA/B status, are linked to metabolic disorders. Indian diets that are predominantly plant food-based could be deficient in these vitamins, but there are no national estimates of the prevalence of B and FA deficiency in Indian children and adolescents, nor their associations with age, sex and growth indicators. The recent Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey (CNNS-2016-18) provided estimates of the prevalence of B and FA deficiency at the national and state levels among preschool (1-4 years: 9976 and 11,004 children, respectively), school-age children (5-9 years: 12,156 and 14,125) and adolescents (10-19 years: 11,748 and 13,621). Serum B and erythrocyte FA were measured by the direct chemiluminescence method and their deficiency was defined using WHO cut-offs. The prevalence of B and FA deficiency was high among adolescents (31.0%, CI: 28.7-33.5 and 35.6%, CI: 33.1-8.2) compared to school-age (17.3%, CI: 15.4-19.3 and 27.6%, CI: 25.5-29.9) and preschool children (13.8%, CI: 11.7-16.2 and 22.8%, CI: 20.5-25.2, respectively). The prevalence of both B and FA deficiency was significantly higher by 8% and 5%, respectively, in adolescent boys compared to girls. There was no association between anthropometric undernutrition and B and FA deficiency. There was wide regional variation in the prevalence of B and FA deficiency, but no rural-urban differences were observed across all age groups. The national prevalence of B deficiency among preschool or school-age children was <20% (the cut-off that indicates a public health problem). However, FA deficiency in these age groups and both FA and B deficiencies in adolescents were >20%, warranting further investigation.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Adolescent; Child, Preschool; Child; Vitamin B 12; Prevalence; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency; Folic Acid Deficiency; Folic Acid; Vitamins
PubMed: 37447351
DOI: 10.3390/nu15133026 -
JAMA Network Open Oct 2023
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Child; Prevalence; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity
PubMed: 37792379
DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.36872