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Nature Communications Aug 2023Colorectal cancer (CRC) therapy efficiency can be influenced by the microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract. Compared with traditional intervention, prebiotics delivery...
Colorectal cancer (CRC) therapy efficiency can be influenced by the microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract. Compared with traditional intervention, prebiotics delivery into the gut is a more controllable method for gut microbiota modulatory therapy. Capecitabine (Cap), the first-line chemotherapeutic agent for CRC, lacks a carrier that can prolong its half-life. Here, we construct a Cap-loaded nanoparticle using the prebiotic xylan-stearic acid conjugate (SCXN). The oral administration of SCXN delays the drug clearance in the blood and increases the intra-tumoral Cap concentration in the CRC mouse model. SCXN also facilitates the probiotic proliferation and short chain fatty acid production. Compared with free Cap, SCXN enhances the anti-tumor immunity and increases the tumor inhibition rate from 5.29 to 71.78%. SCXN exhibits good biocompatibility and prolongs the median survival time of CRC mice from 14 to 33.5 d. This prebiotics-based nanoparticle provides a promising CRC treatment by combining gut microbiota modulation and chemotherapy.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Prebiotics; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Capecitabine; Colorectal Neoplasms; Nanoparticles
PubMed: 37550297
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40439-y -
Nature Communications Sep 2023Dietary lipids can affect metabolic health through gut microbiota-mediated mechanisms, but the influence of lipid-microbiota interaction on liver steatosis is largely...
Dietary lipids can affect metabolic health through gut microbiota-mediated mechanisms, but the influence of lipid-microbiota interaction on liver steatosis is largely unknown. We investigate the impact of dietary lipids on human gut microbiota composition and the effects of microbiota-lipid interactions on steatosis in male mice. In humans, low intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA) is associated with increased microbial diversity independent of fiber intake. In mice, poorly absorbed dietary long-chain SFA, particularly stearic acid, induce a shift in bile acid profile and improved metabolism and steatosis. These benefits are dependent on the gut microbiota, as they are transmitted by microbial transfer. Diets enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids are protective against steatosis but have minor influence on the microbiota. In summary, we find that diets enriched in poorly absorbed long-chain SFA modulate gut microbiota profiles independent of fiber intake, and this interaction is relevant to improve metabolism and decrease liver steatosis.
Topics: Humans; Male; Animals; Mice; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Fatty Acids; Microbiota; Fatty Liver; Bile Acids and Salts; Dietary Fats
PubMed: 37658064
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41074-3 -
Progress in Lipid Research Jul 2023This review is about the role of arachidonic acid (ArA) in foetal and early growth and development. In 1975 and '76, we reported the preferential incorporation of ArA... (Review)
Review
This review is about the role of arachidonic acid (ArA) in foetal and early growth and development. In 1975 and '76, we reported the preferential incorporation of ArA into the developing brain of rat pups, its conservation as a principal component in the brains of 32 mammalian species and the high proportion delivered by the human placenta for foetal nutrition, compared to its parent linoleic acid (LA). ArA is quantitatively the principal acyl component of membrane lipids from foetal red cells, mononuclear cells, astrocytes, endothelium, and placenta. Functionally, we present evidence that ArA, but not DHA, relaxes the foetal mesenteric arteries. The placenta biomagnifies ArA, doubling the proportion of the maternal level in cord blood. The proportions of ArA and its allies (di-homo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA), adrenic acid and ω6 docosapentaenoic acid) are similar or higher than the total of ω3 fatty acids in human milk, maintaining the abundant supply to the developing infant. Despite the evidence of the importance of ArA, the European Food Standard Agency, in 2014 rejected the joint FAO and WHO recommendation on the inclusion of ArA in infant formula, although they recommended DHA. The almost universal dominance of ArA in the membrane phosphoglycerides during human organogenesis and prenatal growth suggests that the importance of ArA and its allies in reproductive biology needs to be re-evaluated urgently.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Animals; Rats; Arachidonic Acid; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Linoleic Acid; Infant Formula; Glycerophospholipids; Mammals
PubMed: 36746351
DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101222 -
Journal of Oleo Science Aug 2023Lycopene is a natural bioactive compound possessing higher antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which are known to efficiently eliminate the risk of cancer,...
Lycopene is a natural bioactive compound possessing higher antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which are known to efficiently eliminate the risk of cancer, cardiac complications, and oxidative stress. Food manufacturers are keen on producing lycopene-fortified food products owing to their numerous health benefits and higher nutritional value. The incorporation of lycopene is limited to food products due to its hydrophobic nature and low chemical stability. This study aims to understand the incorporation of lycopene in Oleogel as a new delivery system. Briefly, lycopene and stearic acid (gelator) were combined at ratios of 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% (w/w) and added to coconut oil (20 g (w/w) ) for the preparation of edible oleogel combinations. These combinations were characterized for oil binding capacity, swelling capacity, color analysis, and texture profile analysis. Further, the formulations were characterized by FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) and DSC (Differential scanning calorimetry). It was observed that samples prepared with a combination of 50% lycopene and stearic acid were found to possess a firm texture and good stability. Conversely, samples with no gelator produced oleogels with less stability. Further, the FTIR spectra helped determine the network formation in the oleogels, which was stabilized by the hydrogen bond. Furthermore, the results of DSC exhibited that the oleogel combinations with gelator and lycopene were not in the crystalline state, and the oleogels held superior internal structure till 45°C. Overall, oleogel-based carrier systems can be used as an alternative method to encapsulate various bioactive compounds having possible potential applications in the bakery and confectionery industries.
Topics: Coconut Oil; Lycopene; Stearic Acids
PubMed: 37468274
DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess22398 -
Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia 2023Several studies have associated dietary saturated fatty acids (SFAs) with cardiovascular risk but there are still many controversies. Most of these studies have focused...
BACKGROUND
Several studies have associated dietary saturated fatty acids (SFAs) with cardiovascular risk but there are still many controversies. Most of these studies have focused on the effects of palmitic acid on circulating lipids. Stearic acid usually shows a neutral effect on blood lipids, however, there is a lack of clinical studies assessing the link with inflammatory and endothelial dysfunction markers.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the association of red blood cell (RBC) SFA (palmitic and stearic acids) with circulating inflammatory and endothelial dysfunction biomarkers.
METHODS
Cross-sectional study of 79 adults of both sexes with at least one cardiovascular risk factor but without previous events (acute myocardial infarction or stroke). Plasma biomarkers - lipids, glucometabolic markers, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) - and RBC palmitic and stearic fatty acids were analyzed. The associations were assessed by correlation and multiple linear regression analyses, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.
RESULTS
Palmitic acid showed no significant associations with traditional cardiovascular risk factors or inflammatory markers. Stearic acid, on the other hand, was inversely correlated with blood cholesterol and triglycerides, but independently associated with hs-CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α.
CONCLUSION
Stearic acid is associated with inflammatory and endothelial dysfunction biomarkers in individuals with at least one cardiovascular risk factor.
Topics: Adult; Female; Male; Humans; Palmitic Acid; C-Reactive Protein; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cross-Sectional Studies; Interleukin-6; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Risk Factors; Stearic Acids; Biomarkers; Stroke; Heart Disease Risk Factors
PubMed: 37672472
DOI: 10.36660/abc.20220598 -
Science Advances Mar 2024The emerging therapeutic strategies for osteoarthritis (OA) are shifting toward comprehensive approaches that target periarticular tissues, involving both cartilage and...
The emerging therapeutic strategies for osteoarthritis (OA) are shifting toward comprehensive approaches that target periarticular tissues, involving both cartilage and subchondral bone. This shift drives the development of single-component therapeutics capable of acting on multiple tissues and cells. Magnesium, an element essential for maintaining skeletal health, shows promise in treating OA. However, the precise effects of magnesium on cartilage and subchondral bone are not yet clear. Here, we investigated the therapeutic effect of Mg on OA, unveiling its protective effects on both cartilage and bone at the cellular and animal levels. The beneficial effect on the cartilage-bone interaction is primarily mediated by the PI3K/AKT pathway. In addition, we developed poly(lactic--glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres loaded with nano-magnesium oxide modified with stearic acid (SA), MgO&SA@PLGA, for intra-articular injection. These microspheres demonstrated remarkable efficacy in alleviating OA in rat models, highlighting their translational potential in clinical applications.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Magnesium Oxide; Cartilage, Articular; Magnesium; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Osteoarthritis; Nanoparticles
PubMed: 38457498
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk6084 -
Journal of Dairy Science Feb 2024The concept that fat supplementation impairs total-tract fiber digestibility in ruminants has been widely accepted over the past decades. Nevertheless, the recent...
The concept that fat supplementation impairs total-tract fiber digestibility in ruminants has been widely accepted over the past decades. Nevertheless, the recent interest in the dietary fatty acid profile to dairy cows enlightened the possible beneficial effect of specific fatty acids (e.g., palmitic, stearic, and oleic acids) on total-tract fiber digestibility. Because palmitic, stearic, and oleic acids are the main fatty acids present in ruminal bacterial cells, we hypothesize that the dietary supply of these fatty acids will favor their incorporation into the bacterial cell membranes, which will support the growth and enrichment of fiber-digesting bacteria in the rumen. Our objective in this experiment was to investigate how dietary supply of palmitic, stearic, and oleic acid affect fiber digestion, bacterial membrane fatty acid profile, microbial growth, and composition of the rumen bacterial community. Diets were randomly assigned to 8 single-flow continuous culture fermenters arranged in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square with four 11-d experimental periods. Treatments were (1) a control basal diet without supplemental fatty acids (CON); (2) the control diet plus palmitic acid (PA); (3) the control diet plus stearic acid (SA); and (4) the control diet plus oleic acid (OA). All fatty acid treatments were included in the diet at 1.5% of the diet (dry matter [DM] basis). The basal diet contained 50% orchardgrass hay and 50% concentrate (DM basis) and was supplied at a rate of 60 g of DM/d in 2 equal daily offers (0800 and 1600 h). Data were analyzed using a mixed model considering treatments as fixed effect and period and fermenter as random effects. Our results indicate that PA increased in vitro fiber digestibility by 6 percentage units compared with the CON, while SA had no effect and OA decreased fiber digestibility by 8 percentage units. Oleic acid decreased protein expression of the enzymes acetyl-CoA carboxylase compared with CON and PA, while fatty acid synthase was reduced by PA, SA, and OA. We observed that PA, but not SA or OA, altered the bacterial community composition by enhancing bacterial groups responsible for fiber digestion. Although the dietary fatty acids did not affect the total lipid content and the phospholipid fraction in the bacterial cell, PA increased the flow of anteiso C13:0 and anteiso C15:0 in the phospholipidic membrane compared to the other treatments. In addition, OA increased the flow of C18:1 cis-9 and decreased C18:2 cis-9,cis-12 in the bacterial phospholipidic membranes compared to the other treatments. Palmitic acid tended to increase bacterial growth compared to other treatments, whereas SA and OA did not affect bacterial growth compared with CON. To our knowledge, this is the first research providing evidence that palmitic acid supports ruminal fiber digestion through shifts in bacterial fatty acid metabolism that result in changes in growth and abundance of fiber-degrading bacteria in the microbial community.
Topics: Cattle; Female; Animals; Oleic Acid; Dietary Supplements; Milk; Lactation; Rumen; Digestion; Fatty Acids; Diet; Palmitic Acid
PubMed: 37776997
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23568 -
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science Sep 2023Atmospheric CO emissions trigger global warming and climate change challenges. Thus, geological CO storage appears to be the most viable choice to mitigate CO emissions...
HYPOTHESIS
Atmospheric CO emissions trigger global warming and climate change challenges. Thus, geological CO storage appears to be the most viable choice to mitigate CO emissions in the atmosphere. However, the adsorption capacity of reservoir rock in the presence of diverse geological conditions, including organic acids, temperature, and pressure, can cause reduced certainty for CO storage and injection problems. Wettability is critical in measuring the adsorption behavior of rock in various reservoir fluids and conditions.
EXPERIMENT
We systematically evaluated the CO-wettability of calcite substrates at geological conditions (323 K and 0.1, 10, and 25 MPa) in the presence of stearic acid (a replicate realistic reservoir organic material contamination). Similarly, to reverse the effects of organics on wettability, we treated calcite substrates with various alumina nanofluid concentrations (0.05, 0.1, 0.25, and 0.75 wt%) and evaluated the CO-wettability of calcite substrates at similar geological conditions.
FINDINGS
Stearic acid profoundly affects the contact angle of calcite substrates where wettability shifts from intermediate to CO-wet conditions, reducing the CO geological storage potential. The treatment of organic acid-aged calcite substrates with alumina nanofluid reversed the wettability to a more hydrophilic state, increasing CO storage certainty. Further, the optimum concentration displaying the optimum potential for changing the wettability in organic acid-aged calcite substrates was 0.25 wt%. The effect of organics and nanofluids should be augmented to improve the feasibility of CO geological projects at the industrial scale for reduced containment security.
PubMed: 37210904
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.05.066 -
Biomedicines Dec 2023Very little is known about the association between individual serum free fatty acids (FFAs) and clinical and laboratory parameters (indicators of heart failure severity)...
Very little is known about the association between individual serum free fatty acids (FFAs) and clinical and laboratory parameters (indicators of heart failure severity) in acute heart failure (AHF) patients. Here, the baseline serum levels of FFAs, 16:0 (palmitic acid), 16:1 (palmitoleic acid), 18:0 (stearic acid), 18:1 (oleic acid), 18:2 (linoleic acid), 18:3 (alpha-linolenic acid or gamma-linolenic acid), 20:4 (arachidonic acid), 20:5 (eicosapentaenoic acid), and 22:6 (docosahexaenoic acid), were determined in 304 AHF patients (94.7% belonged to New York Heart Association functional class IV) using gas chromatography. Spearman correlation coefficients were used to examine the associations between the individual and total (the sum of all FFAs) FFAs and clinical and laboratory parameters. After applying a Bonferroni correction to correct for multiple testing, the total FFAs, as well as the individual FFAs (except FFAs 18:0, 20:5, and 22:6), were found to be significantly positively correlated with serum albumin. Only a few additional associations were found: FFA 16:0 was significantly negatively correlated with systolic pulmonary artery pressure, FFA 18:3 was significantly negatively correlated with C-reactive protein and body mass index, and FFA 20:4 was significantly negatively correlated with blood urea nitrogen. Based on our results, we conclude that in patients with severe AHF, individual and total serum FFAs are slightly associated with established laboratory and clinical parameters, which are indicators of heart failure severity.
PubMed: 38137418
DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123197 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2024Oil palm, a tropical woody oil crop, is widely used in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals due to its high production efficiency and economic value. Palm oil is rich in...
Oil palm, a tropical woody oil crop, is widely used in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals due to its high production efficiency and economic value. Palm oil is rich in free fatty acids, polyphenols, vitamin E, and other nutrients, which are beneficial for human health when consumed appropriately. Therefore, investigating the dynamic changes in free fatty acid content at different stages of development and hypothesizing the influence of regulatory genes on free fatty acid metabolism is crucial for improving palm oil quality and accelerating industry growth. LC-MS/MS is used to analyze the composition and content of free fatty acids in the flesh after 95 days (MS1 and MT1), 125 days (MS2 and MT2), and 185 days (MS3 and MT3) of Seedless (MS) and Tenera (MT) oil palm species fruit pollination. RNA-Seq was used to analyze the expression of genes regulating free fatty acid synthesis and accumulation, with differences in genes and metabolites mapped to the KEGG pathway map using the KEGG (Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes) enrichment analysis method. A metabolomics study identified 17 types of saturated and 13 types of unsaturated free fatty acids during the development of MS and MT. Transcriptomic research revealed that 10,804 significantly different expression genes were acquired in the set differential gene threshold between MS and MT. The results showed that FabB was positively correlated with the contents of three main free fatty acids (stearic acid, myristate acid, and palmitic acid) and negatively correlated with the contents of free palmitic acid in the flesh of MS and MT. ACSL and FATB were positively correlated with the contents of three main free fatty acids and negatively correlated with free myristate acid. The study reveals that the expression of key enzyme genes, FabB and FabF, may improve the synthesis of free myristate in oil palm flesh, while FabF, ACSL, and FATB genes may facilitate the production of free palmitoleic acid. These genes may also promote the synthesis of free stearic acid and palmitoleic acid in oil palm flesh. However, the FabB gene may inhibit stearic acid synthesis, while ACSL and FATB genes may hinder myristate acid production. This study provides a theoretical basis for improving palm oil quality.
Topics: Humans; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Fatty Acids; Palm Oil; Chromatography, Liquid; Myristates; Arecaceae; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Palmitic Acid; Gene Expression Profiling; Stearic Acids; Plant Oils
PubMed: 38338979
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031686