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Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2023Wheat dwarf disease (WDD) is an important disease of monocotyledonous species, including economically important cereals. The causative pathogen, wheat dwarf virus (WDV),... (Review)
Review
Wheat dwarf disease (WDD) is an important disease of monocotyledonous species, including economically important cereals. The causative pathogen, wheat dwarf virus (WDV), is persistently transmitted mainly by the leafhopper and can lead to high yield losses. Due to climate change, the periods of vector activity increased, and the vectors have spread to new habitats, leading to an increased importance of WDV in large parts of Europe. In the light of integrated pest management, cultivation practices and the use of resistant/tolerant host plants are currently the only effective methods to control WDV. However, knowledge of the pathosystem and epidemiology of WDD is limited, and the few known sources of genetic tolerance indicate that further research is needed. Considering the economic importance of WDD and its likely increasing relevance in the coming decades, this study provides a comprehensive compilation of knowledge on the most important aspects with information on the causal virus, its vector, symptoms, host range, and control strategies. In addition, the current status of genetic and breeding efforts to control and manage this disease in wheat will be discussed, as this is crucial to effectively manage the disease under changing environmental conditions and minimize impending yield losses.
PubMed: 37896096
DOI: 10.3390/plants12203633 -
Journal of Nanobiotechnology Mar 2024Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with complex pathogenesis and effective clinical treatment strategies for this disease remain elusive.... (Review)
Review
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with complex pathogenesis and effective clinical treatment strategies for this disease remain elusive. Interestingly, nanomedicines are under extensive investigation for AD management. Currently, existing redox molecules show highly bioactive property but suffer from instability and high production costs, limiting clinical application for neurological diseases. Compared with natural enzymes, artificial enzymes show high stability, long-lasting catalytic activity, and versatile enzyme-like properties. Further, the selectivity and performance of artificial enzymes can be modulated for neuroinflammation treatments through external stimuli. In this review, we focus on the latest developments of metal, metal oxide, carbon-based and polymer based nanozymes and their catalytic mechanisms. Recent developments in nanozymes for diagnosing and treating AD are emphasized, especially focusing on their potential to regulate pathogenic factors and target sites. Various applications of nanozymes with different stimuli-responsive features were discussed, particularly focusing on nanozymes for treating oxidative stress-related neurological diseases. Noninvasiveness and focused application to deep body regions makes ultrasound (US) an attractive trigger mechanism for nanomedicine. Since a complete cure for AD remains distant, this review outlines the potential of US responsive nanozymes to develop future therapeutic approaches for this chronic neurodegenerative disease and its emergence in AD management.
Topics: Humans; Nanostructures; Alzheimer Disease; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Catalysis; Metals
PubMed: 38555420
DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02406-7 -
BMC Endocrine Disorders Oct 2023Diabetes is widely recognized as one of the most pressing public health concerns globally. To manage blood glucose levels and reduce subsequent complications and...
BACKGROUND
Diabetes is widely recognized as one of the most pressing public health concerns globally. To manage blood glucose levels and reduce subsequent complications and mortality rates, self-management mechanisms have been found to be effective in controlling diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the association between spiritual intelligence and diabetes self-management in patients with type 1 diabetes in Qazvin, Iran.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study included 220 adults with type 1 diabetes aged 18-35 years who referred to an outpatient diabetes clinic of a tertiary hospital in Qazvin province, and were selected through a convenience sampling method in 2022. Two valid and reliable questionnaires were used for data collection, including the 24-item questionnaire of spiritual intelligence and self-management of type 1 diabetes for adolescents (SMOD-A). To analyze the data, correlation coefficients and multiple linear regression analysis were used.
RESULTS
The total score of spiritual intelligence was 57.24 ± 10.77, and self-management was 77.14 ± 8.92. Among different subscales of spiritual intelligence, critical thinking obtained the highest score. In self-management, the highest score was achieved for communication.Findings also revealed that spiritual intelligence could predict 7.2% of changes in self-management among diabetes patients, and its relationship with diabetes self-management was estimated at 0.27.
CONCLUSION
The growing prevalence of diabetes worldwide underscores the significance of self-management of the disease in the well-being of patients. This study demonstrated that spiritual intelligence played a crucial role among young adults with diabetes and assisted them in coping with stressful situations. As such, placing greater emphasis on the spiritual aspects of care is necessary, especially in the healthcare of young adults who are dealing with diabetes and its complex conditions.
Topics: Adolescent; Young Adult; Humans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Self-Management; Cross-Sectional Studies; Intelligence; Health Behavior
PubMed: 37872555
DOI: 10.1186/s12902-023-01482-4 -
Cureus Mar 2024Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory impairment, a loss of cholinergic neurons, and cognitive decline that... (Review)
Review
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory impairment, a loss of cholinergic neurons, and cognitive decline that insidiously progresses to dementia. The pathoetiology of AD is complex, as genetic predisposition, age, inflammation, oxidative stress, and dysregulated proteostasis all contribute to its development and progression. The histological hallmarks of AD are the formation and accumulation of amyloid-β plaques and interfibrillar tau tangles within the central nervous system. These histological hallmarks trigger neuroinflammation and disrupt the physiological structure and functioning of neurons, leading to cognitive dysfunction. Most treatments currently available for AD focus only on symptomatic relief. Disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) that target the biology of the disease in hopes of slowing or reversing disease progression are desperately needed. This narrative review investigates novel DMTs and their therapeutic targets that are either in phase three of development or have been recently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The target areas of some of these novel DMTs consist of combatting amyloid or tau accumulation, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and dysregulated proteostasis, metabolism, or circadian rhythm. Neuroprotection and neuroplasticity promotion were also key target areas. DMT therapeutic target diversity may permit improved therapeutic responses in certain subpopulations of AD, particularly if the therapeutic target of the DMT being administered aligns with the subpopulation's most prominent pathological findings. Clinicians should be cognizant of how these novel drugs differ in therapeutic targets, as this knowledge may potentially enhance the level of care they can provide to AD patients in the future.
PubMed: 38618323
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56105 -
Healthcare Management Forum Sep 2023Primary healthcare in Canada is in crisis. One in six Canadians lack a regular family physician and less than half of Canadians are able to see a primary care provider...
Primary healthcare in Canada is in crisis. One in six Canadians lack a regular family physician and less than half of Canadians are able to see a primary care provider on the same or next day. The consequences are significant in terms of the stress and anxiety foisted upon Canadians in need of care, including limited diagnoses and referrals for potentially life-threatening conditions. This article explores options for the federal government to take a more hands-on role responding to the present crisis that are constitutionally compliant: investments in virtual care; additional funding for primary care tied to a strengthened condition of reasonable access within the ; a federally-funded direct incentive scheme to lure back providers who have left due to burnout; and the establishment of a commission for access and quality in primary care.
Topics: Humans; Federal Government; Canada; Referral and Consultation; Primary Health Care
PubMed: 37424188
DOI: 10.1177/08404704231183863 -
JAMA Network Open Nov 2023
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Parenting; Teleworking; Mothers; Fathers
PubMed: 37921771
DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.41844 -
The Journal of Surgical Research Jan 2024There has been widespread international implementation of duration-hour restrictions to prevent surgical resident burnout and promote patient safety and wellbeing of... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
There has been widespread international implementation of duration-hour restrictions to prevent surgical resident burnout and promote patient safety and wellbeing of doctors. A variety of Extended-Duration Work Shifts (EDWS) have been implemented, with a variety of studies examining the effect of shift systems on both surgical performance and the stress response unestablished in the literature.
METHODS
This was a systematic review evaluating the impact of extended working hours on surgical performance, cognitive impairment, and physiological stress responses. The review used PubMed, Ovid Medline, Embase, and Google Scholar search engines between September and October 2021 in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Filters including studies carried out after 2002 and published in the English language were applied.
RESULTS
In total, 30 studies were included for analysis. General surgery was the most commonly studied rotation, with Neurosurgical, Orthopedic, and ear, nose and throat specialties also included. The majority of studies found no difference or a significant improvement in post-EDWS on simulated performance. EDWS appeared to have the greatest impact on physiological stress markers in junior surgical trainees.
CONCLUSIONS
Experience appears to confer a protective element in the postcall period, with preservation of skill demonstrated. More experienced clinicians yielded lower levels of physiological markers of stress, although variability in hierarchical workload should be considered. Heterogeneity of findings across physiological, cognitive, and psychomotor assessments highlights the need for robust research on the optimum shift pattern prevents worker burnout and promotes patient safety. Future research to evaluate correlation between stress, on-call workload, and performance in the postcall period is warranted.
Topics: Humans; Internship and Residency; Specialties, Surgical; Workload; Physicians
PubMed: 37827031
DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2023.08.024 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Aug 2023Cardiovascular disease (CVD), involving the pathological alteration of the heart or blood vessels, is one of the main causes of disability and death worldwide, with an... (Review)
Review
Cardiovascular disease (CVD), involving the pathological alteration of the heart or blood vessels, is one of the main causes of disability and death worldwide, with an estimated 18.6 million deaths per year. CVDs are caused by a variety of risk factors, including inflammation, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and increased oxidative stress. Mitochondria, the hub of ATP production and the main generator of reactive oxygen species (ROS), are linked to multiple cellular signaling pathways that regulate the progression of CVD and therefore are recognized as an essential target for CVD management. Initial treatment of CVD generally focuses on diet and lifestyle interventions; proper drugs or surgery can prolong or save the patient's life. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), a holistic medical care system with an over 2500-year history, has been proven to be efficient in curing CVD and other illnesses, with a strengthening effect on the body. However, the mechanisms underlying TCM alleviation of CVD remain elusive. Recent studies have recognized that TCM can alleviate cardiovascular disease by manipulating the quality and function of mitochondria. This review systematically summarizes the association of mitochondria with cardiovascular risk factors, and the relationships between mitochondrial dysfunction and CVD progression. We will investigate the research progress of managing cardiovascular disease by TCM and cover widely used TCMs that target mitochondria for the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
Topics: Humans; Cardiovascular Diseases; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Mitochondria; Oxidative Stress; Reactive Oxygen Species
PubMed: 37311280
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114999 -
Nursing Open Oct 2023To educate nurse managers on territorialism and groupthink as being factors within workplace bullying among nurses within the clinical and academic settings that can... (Review)
Review
AIMS
To educate nurse managers on territorialism and groupthink as being factors within workplace bullying among nurses within the clinical and academic settings that can psychologically and physically harm affected persons.
DESIGN
Territorialism and groupthink are explored as being factors within workplace bullying used by a bully or bullies to target others for personal gain and power. Workplace bullying has become habitual practice in nursing and nursing academia. Workplace bullying is identified not only as unethical behaviour but also as a dangerous practice that can lead to depression, anxiety, stress, and posttraumatic distress syndrome. Persons affected are subjected to emotional abuse that can lead to isolation, low self-esteem, and self-doubt.
METHODS
Methods by which persons in the workplace can identify bullying that involves territorialism and groupthink are examined. Nurse managers are identified as being instrumental in the identification of workplace bullying involving territorialism and groupthink, and in working with the affected person(s) and bully or bullies to seek mediation through a human resource representative. For nursing managers, it is imperative that workplace bullying is immediately addressed. Workplace bullying creates a hostile and intimidating working environment that affects the physical and mental health of affected persons.
RESULTS
Early identification and resolution of workplace bullying could alleviate the development of physiological and psychological health problems by affected persons. After workplace bullying has been reported, the affected persons should focus on the healing of mind, spirit, and body. New circumstances (e.g., a new place of employment or a promotion) may trigger feelings of anger, intimidation or fear; therefore, it' is important for persons who have experienced bullying in the workplace to understand the abusive environment itself was not directly associated with any wrongdoing by them.
NO PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION
Workplace bullying is disruptive to the workplace and affects productivity, absenteeism from work and turnover intentions. Persons impacted by territorialism and groupthink within the context of workplace bullying can develop psychological and physiological health problems.
Topics: Humans; Group Dynamics; Workplace; Occupational Stress; Employment; Bullying
PubMed: 37483110
DOI: 10.1002/nop2.1938 -
Workplace Health & Safety Dec 2023This systematic review examines literature regarding the relationship between workplace psychosocial factors and musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Musculoskeletal... (Review)
Review
This systematic review examines literature regarding the relationship between workplace psychosocial factors and musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Musculoskeletal disorders are the leading cause of work disability, resulting in billions of dollars of financial losses. Evidence suggests that workplace psychosocial factors can lead to the development and progression of MSDs. A data search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO, Scopus, and CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) from August 2009 to May 2020 inclusive. Other eligibility criteria included studies published in English, conducted on adults within a workplace setting, conducted in developed economies, and were stability-control longitudinal observational studies. Studies were independently screened for eligibility, using COVIDENCE (software for managing and streamlining systematic reviews) and assessed for quality by multiple authors, using the JBI Evidence synthesis tool. From 6,812 studies, 47 articles were included in the final analysis. The most common MSDs investigated were lower back pain, neck and shoulder pain, and upper extremity symptoms and disorders. Included articles identified that psychosocial workplace factors of support, collaboration, job control, and job demands were statistically significantly associated with risk and progression of MSDs. Review of the articles included in this article supports the theory that MSDs have a multifactorial, complex etiology that includes psychosocial factors. Interventions to enhance psychosocial work environment provide opportunities to reduce the risk of MSDs.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Occupational Diseases; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Workplace; Shoulder Pain; Longitudinal Studies; Risk Factors
PubMed: 37698343
DOI: 10.1177/21650799231193578