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PloS One 2023Carotenoids are antioxidants, which reduce various chronic diseases of human, and have many industrial applications. The halophilic Dunaliella parva (D. parva) is rich...
Carotenoids are antioxidants, which reduce various chronic diseases of human, and have many industrial applications. The halophilic Dunaliella parva (D. parva) is rich in carotenoids. The compounds CaCl2 and PEG are the popular metabolic enhancers. To further enhance carotenogenesis, D. parva was treated with two compounds polyethylene glycol (PEG) and CaCl2. Application of CaCl2 and PEG enhanced the carotenoids contents and the antioxidant activities of carotenoids compared to control group (no treatment of CaCl2 or PEG). The highest carotenoids contents were obtained by treating D. parva with 40 ppm CaCl2 (3.11 mg/g dry weight, DW) and 80 ppm PEG (2.78 mg/g DW) compared with control group (1.96 mg/g DW). When D. parva was treated with 40 ppm CaCl2 and 80 ppm PEG, protein contents reached the highest values (90.28 mg/g DW and 89.57 mg/g DW) compared to that of control group (73.42 mg/g DW). The antioxidant activities of carotenoids samples were determined. Generally, the antioxidant activities of carotenoids from D. parva treated with PEG and CaCl2 were superior to that of control group. The antioxidant activities of carotenoids mainly contained reducing power, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and superoxide radical scavenging activity. The reducing powers of carotenoids extracts from 20 ppm CaCl2 group (2.07%/mg carotenoids) and 120 ppm PEG group (1.59%/mg carotenoids) were significantly higher than that of control group (<1.25%/mg carotenoids). The superoxide radical scavenging activities of carotenoids extracts from 40 ppm CaCl2 group (70.33%/mg carotenoids) and 80 ppm PEG group (65.94%/mg carotenoids) were significantly higher than that of control group (<55%/mg carotenoids). This paper laid a foundation for massive accumulation of carotenoids in microalga D. parva.
Topics: Humans; Antioxidants; Microalgae; Calcium Chloride; Polyethylene Glycols; Superoxides; Carotenoids; Chlorophyceae
PubMed: 38100462
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295973 -
Free Radical Biology & Medicine Mar 2024M1 (LPS) macrophages are characterized by a high expression of pro-inflammatory mediators, and distinct metabolic features that comprise increased glycolysis, a broken...
M1 (LPS) macrophages are characterized by a high expression of pro-inflammatory mediators, and distinct metabolic features that comprise increased glycolysis, a broken TCA cycle, or impaired OXPHOS with augmented mitochondrial ROS production. This study investigated whether the phytochemical sulforaphane (Sfn) influences mitochondrial reprogramming during M1 polarization, as well as to what extent this can contribute to Sfn-mediated inhibition of M1 marker expression in murine macrophages. The use of extracellular flux-, metabolite-, and immunoblot analyses as well as fluorescent dyes indicative for mitochondrial morphology, membrane potential or superoxide production, demonstrated that M1 (LPS/Sfn) macrophages maintain an unbroken TCA cycle, higher OXPHOS rate, boosted fusion dynamics, lower membrane potential, and less superoxide production in their mitochondria when compared to control M1 (LPS) cells. Sustained OXPHOS and TCA activity but not the concomitantly observed high dependency on fatty acids as fuel appeared necessary for M1 (LPS/Sfn) macrophages to reduce expression of nos2, il1β, il6 and tnfα. M1 (LPS/Sfn) macrophages also displayed lower nucleo/cytosolic acetyl-CoA levels in association with lower global and site-specific histone acetylation at selected pro-inflammatory gene promoters than M1 (LPS), evident in colorimetric coupled enzyme assays, immunoblot and ChIP-qPCR analyses, respectively. Supplementation with acetate or citrate was able to rescue both histone acetylation and mRNA expression of the investigated M1 marker genes in Sfn-treated cells. Overall, Sfn preserves mitochondrial functionality and restricts indispensable nuclear acetyl-CoA for histone acetylation and M1 marker expression in LPS-stimulated macrophages.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Histones; Lipopolysaccharides; Acetylation; Acetyl Coenzyme A; Superoxides; Macrophages; Mitochondria; Sulfoxides; Isothiocyanates
PubMed: 38301976
DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.01.029 -
Scientific Reports Oct 2023This study investigated the cytotoxic effects of oxidative stress (OS), high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), ADAMTS (A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with...
This study investigated the cytotoxic effects of oxidative stress (OS), high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), ADAMTS (A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs), and neuropathology associated with coenurus cerebralis (Taenia multiceps). ADAMTS-13, HMGB1, glutathione reductase (GR), copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD), and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) expression levels were studied. The study found that ADAMTS-13 (P < 0.005), HMGB1 (P < 0.005), GR (P < 0.005), Cu/Zn SOD (P < 0.005), and 8-OHdG (P < 0.005) levels were significantly higher in T. multiceps (c. cerebralis)-infected animals compared to healthy control animals. This study's most important finding was that HMGB1 up-regulation in neurons, endothelial cells, and glial cells can directly cause brain parenchymal destruction and that HMGB1-mediated oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the neuropathogenesis of coenurosis. The results also showed that increased levels of ADAMTS-13 may play a pivotal role in regulating and protecting the blood-brain barrier integrity and neuroprotection. These findings also suggest that ADAMTS-13 and HMGB1 compete in the prevention or formation of microthrombi, which was regarded as a remarkable finding. ADAMTS-13 and HMGB1 are valuable biomarkers for disease risk assessment, estimating host neuropathy following T. multiceps (c. cerebralis) exposure, and providing a new therapeutic target. This is the first study to show that HMGB1 and ADAMTS-13 are expressed in reactive cells and are associated with neuroimmunopathology in coenurosis.
Topics: Animals; Taenia; ADAMTS13 Protein; Copper; Endothelial Cells; HMGB1 Protein; Cysticercosis; Cestode Infections; 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Oxidative Stress; Superoxide Dismutase
PubMed: 37863934
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44376-0 -
Redox Biology Feb 2024Oxidative stress (OS) is regarded as the dominant theory for aging. While compelling correlative data have been generated to support the OS theory, a direct...
Oxidative stress (OS) is regarded as the dominant theory for aging. While compelling correlative data have been generated to support the OS theory, a direct cause-and-effect relationship between the accumulation of oxidation-mediated damage and aging has not been firmly established. Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) is a primary antioxidant in all cells. It is, however, susceptible to oxidation due to OS and gains toxic properties to cells. This study investigates the role of oxidized SOD1 derived from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) linked SOD1 mutations in cell senescence and aging. Herein, we have shown that the cell line NSC34 expressing the G93A mutation of human SOD1 (hSOD1) entered premature senescence as evidenced by a decreased number of the 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU)-positive cells. There was an upregulation of cellular senescence markers compared to cells expressing the wild-type human SOD1 (hSOD1). Transgenic mice carrying the hSOD1 gene showed aging phenotypes at an early age (135 days) with high levels of P53 and P16 but low levels of SIRT1 and SIRT6 compared with age-matched hSOD1 transgenic mice. Notably, the levels of oxidized SOD1 were significantly elevated in both the senescent NSC34 cells and 135-day hSOD1 mice. Selective removal of oxidized SOD1 by our CT4-directed autophagy significantly decelerated aging, indicating that oxidized SOD1 is a causal factor of aging. Intriguingly, mitochondria malfunctioned in both senescent NSC34 cells and middle-aged hSOD transgenic mice. They exhibited increased production of mitochondrial-derived vesicles (MDVs) in response to mild OS in mutant humanSOD1 (hSOD1) transgenic mice at a younger age; however, the mitochondrial response gradually declined with aging. In conclusion, our data show that oxidized SOD1 derived from ALS-linked SOD1 mutants is a causal factor for cellular senescence and aging. Compromised mitochondrial responsiveness to OS may serve as an indicator of premature aging.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Infant; Mice; Middle Aged; Aging; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Disease Models, Animal; Mice, Transgenic; Motor Neurons; Mutation; Sirtuins; Superoxide Dismutase; Superoxide Dismutase-1
PubMed: 38056310
DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102972 -
Scientific Reports Nov 2023Acetylation could improve the bioavailability of (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG), but the relationship of substitution degree and antioxidant capacity of...
Acetylation could improve the bioavailability of (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG), but the relationship of substitution degree and antioxidant capacity of acetylated EGCG was unclear. The acetylated EGCG products were separated by preparation high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Two mono substituted acetylated EGCG, three substituted acetylated EGCG (T-AcE), eight substituted acetylated EGCG (E-AcE) and (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) were isolated. The 7-acetyl-EGCG (S7-ACEGCG) and 7-acetyl-EGCG (T-AcE) were identified for the first time. The antioxidant capacity, superoxide anion radical scavenging capacities, and hydroxyl radical scavenging capacities of EGCG decreased significantly after acetylation modification. The more EGCG acetylation modification sites, the lower the total antioxidant capacity, superoxide anion radical scavenging capacities, and hydroxyl radical scavenging capacities. The antioxidant capacity, superoxide anion radical scavenging capacities, and hydroxyl radical scavenging capacities of 5-acetyl-EGCG (S5-ACE) were higher than 7-acetyl-EGCG (S7-AcE). Combining all the results in this and previous studies, acetylation modification is not conducive to the performance of EGCG antioxidant capacity.
Topics: Antioxidants; Superoxides; Hydroxyl Radical; Catechin
PubMed: 38017306
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48387-9 -
Trials Mar 2024Burn injuries are important medical problems that, aside from skin damage, cause a systemic response including inflammation, oxidative stress, endocrine disorders,... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Burn injuries are important medical problems that, aside from skin damage, cause a systemic response including inflammation, oxidative stress, endocrine disorders, immune response, and hypermetabolic and catabolic responses which affect all the organs in the body. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplementation on inflammation, oxidative stress, and clinical outcomes in burn patients.
METHODS
In a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial, 60 burn patients were randomly assigned to receive 100 mg CoQ10 three times a day (total 300 mg/day) or a placebo for 10 days. Inflammatory markers including erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), oxidative stress markers including total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, fasting blood glucose (FBG), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, white blood cells (WBC), and body temperature were assessed as primary outcomes and albumin, prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time (PTT), international normalized ratio (INR), other hematological parameters, blood pressure, O saturation, ICU duration, and 28-mortality rate were assessed as secondary outcomes.
RESULTS
Fifty-two participants completed the trial. CRP and ESR levels were not significantly different between CoQ10 and placebo groups at the end of the study (P = 0.550 and P = 0.306, respectively). No significant differences between groups were observed for TAC (P = 0.865), MDA (P = 0.692), and SOD activity (P = 0.633) as well. Administration of CoQ10 resulted in a significant increase in albumin levels compared to placebo (P = 0.031). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in other measured outcomes (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Results showed that in patients with burn injury, CoQ10 administration had no effect on inflammatory markers and oxidative stress, although serum albumin levels were improved after supplementation. Further studies with albumin as the primary outcome are needed to confirm this finding.
Topics: Humans; Dietary Supplements; Antioxidants; Oxidative Stress; C-Reactive Protein; Inflammation; Albumins; Superoxide Dismutase; Double-Blind Method; Ubiquinone
PubMed: 38431600
DOI: 10.1186/s13063-024-08006-y -
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2023Fish possess numerous enzymatic antioxidant systems as part of their innate immunity. These systems have been poorly studied in (rohu). The present study characterized...
Antioxidant Defence in to Biotic and Abiotic Stress: Insight from mRNA Expression, Molecular Characterization and Recombinant Protein-Based ELISA of Catalase, Glutathione Peroxidase, CuZn Superoxide Dismutase, and Glutathione S-Transferase.
Fish possess numerous enzymatic antioxidant systems as part of their innate immunity. These systems have been poorly studied in (rohu). The present study characterized and investigated the role of antioxidant genes in the defence mechanisms against two types of stressors, including infection and ammonia stress. Four key genes associated with antioxidant activity-catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, and CuZn superoxide dismutase were successfully cloned and sequenced. These genes were found to be expressed in different tissues and developmental stages of rohu. The expression levels of these antioxidant genes in the liver and anterior kidney tissues of rohu juveniles were modulated in response to bacterial infection (), parasite infection (), poly I:C stimulation and ammonia stress. Additionally, the recombinant proteins derived from these genes exhibited significant antioxidant and antibacterial activities. These proteins also demonstrated a protective effect against infection in rohu and had an immunomodulatory role. Furthermore, indirect ELISA assay systems were developed to measure these protein levels in healthy as well as and ammonia-induced rohu serum. Overall, this study characterized and emphasised the importance of the antioxidant mechanism in rohu's defence against oxidative damage and microbial diseases.
PubMed: 38275638
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010018 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Sep 2023Stimulation of the angiotensin II type 2 receptor (ATR) evokes protective effects in various cardiovascular diseases. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects...
Stimulation of the angiotensin II type 2 receptor (ATR) evokes protective effects in various cardiovascular diseases. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of ATR stimulation, with or without ATR blockade, in a model of hypertension with concomitant type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were given either citrate or a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ; 55 mg/kg, i.p.) to induce diabetes. After 4 weeks of diabetes, animals were administered either a vehicle (saline), ATR agonist, β-ProAng III (0.1 mg/kg/day via osmotic mini-pump), ATR blocker, candesartan (2 mg/kg/day via drinking water), or a combination of both for a further 8 weeks. β-ProAng III treatment had no effect on blood pressure, but attenuated the significant increase in cardiac interstitial collagen and protein expression of fibrotic and inflammatory markers, and superoxide levels that was evident in diabetic SHRs. These effects were not observed with candesartan, despite its blood pressure lowering effects. Although β-ProAng III had no effect on aortic fibrosis, it significantly attenuated MCP-1 protein expression and superoxide levels when compared to both the non-diabetic and diabetic SHRs, to a similar extent as candesartan. In both the heart and vasculature, the effects of β-ProAng III in combination with candesartan were similar to those of β-ProAng III alone, and superior to candesartan alone. It was concluded that in hypertension with concomitant diabetes, ATR stimulation with a novel ligand alone, or in combination with ATR blockade, improved the cardiac and vascular structural changes that were strongly associated with inflammation and oxidative stress, independent of blood pressure regulation.
Topics: Animals; Rats; Benzimidazoles; Diabetes Mellitus; Hypertension; Rats, Inbred SHR; Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; Superoxides; Cardiotonic Agents
PubMed: 37536036
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115238 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2024According to the World Health Organization (WHO), breast cancer (BC) is the deadliest and the most common type of cancer worldwide in women. Several factors associated... (Review)
Review
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), breast cancer (BC) is the deadliest and the most common type of cancer worldwide in women. Several factors associated with BC exert their effects by modulating the state of stress. They can induce genetic mutations or alterations in cell growth, encouraging neoplastic development and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are able to activate many signal transduction pathways, producing an inflammatory environment that leads to the suppression of programmed cell death and the promotion of tumor proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis; these effects promote the development and progression of malignant neoplasms. However, cells have both non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant systems that protect them by neutralizing the harmful effects of ROS. In this sense, antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), and peroxiredoxin (Prx) protect the body from diseases caused by oxidative damage. In this review, we will discuss mechanisms through which some enzymatic antioxidants inhibit or promote carcinogenesis, as well as the new therapeutic proposals developed to complement traditional treatments.
Topics: Humans; Antioxidants; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Reactive Oxygen Species; Oxidative Stress; Peroxiredoxins; Animals; Glutathione Peroxidase; Catalase; Superoxide Dismutase
PubMed: 38891864
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115675 -
PeerJ 2023Greater plantain (), a medicinal plant species, is used in folk medicine for the treatment of various diseases in many countries of the world. Different studies have...
Greater plantain (), a medicinal plant species, is used in folk medicine for the treatment of various diseases in many countries of the world. Different studies have shown that the bioactive components contained in the plant have a dual effect. It was also reported that and studies showed different results. The aim of the study was to determine the effects of extract on the hemocyte-mediated and humoral immune responses of the invertebrate model organism , which is widely used in immune studies. In the evaluation of these effects, total hemocyte count, encapsulation, melanization, phenoloxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, malondialdehyde and total protein parameters were evaluated. The results of the study showed that the total hemocyte count did not change, that the encapsulation responses decreased, that the melanization responses and phenoloxidase activity increased and that the superoxide dismutase activity decreased. As a result, it was determined that high doses of had negative effects on cell-mediated immunity and antioxidant defence and positive effects on melanization. High doses and continuous use of may have negative effects on living things.
Topics: Plantago; Monophenol Monooxygenase; Immunity, Innate; Antioxidants; Superoxide Dismutase
PubMed: 37753175
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15982