-
Dental Traumatology : Official... Jul 2023Tooth auto-transplantation is a treatment option, which is often not considered to replace anterior maxillary incisors in children and adolescents. There are multiple...
BACKGROUND/AIMS
Tooth auto-transplantation is a treatment option, which is often not considered to replace anterior maxillary incisors in children and adolescents. There are multiple prognostic factors that may influence the outcomes of premolar auto-transplantation, but there is limited evidence from human studies. The aim of this study was to report the outcomes of auto-transplanted premolars in the anterior maxilla following traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) and to identify their prognostic factors.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The clinical records of patients who had premolars transplanted in the anterior maxilla following TDI, with appropriate radiographs and a minimal of 1-year follow-up, were reviewed retrospectively. A specific data extraction form was developed, tested and used to collect information for the prognostic factors and outcomes.
RESULTS
The cohort included 120 patients with 144 auto-transplanted premolars. The mean age was 12.2 years (±2.0), and the mean observation period was 3.7 years (±1.8). The success rate was 80%, and the survival rate was 93%. Unfavourable outcomes included external replacement resorption in 12.5%, uncontrolled external inflammatory resorption in 2.7%, and both resorption types in 4.9% of teeth. Periodontal healing was significantly associated with donor tooth root maturity, graft handling at the time of surgery including ease of donor tooth extraction and placement at the recipient sites, recipient site alveolar bone status, and post-operative transplant mobility. Seventy-four teeth (53.4%) were immature at the time of transplantation where pulp revascularisation was anticipated, and 52 (70%) of those had radiographic and clinical signs of pulp healing. Pulp healing was significantly related to donor tooth eruption stage, ease of extraction of donor tooth, and ease of placement in the recipient site.
CONCLUSIONS
Good outcomes were observed for premolar teeth auto-transplanted in the anterior maxilla. The main prognostic factors were ease of extraction of donor tooth and ease of placement in the recipient sites and donor tooth root maturity.
Topics: Child; Adolescent; Humans; Bicuspid; Retrospective Studies; Maxilla; Tooth Root; Tooth Injuries
PubMed: 36740836
DOI: 10.1111/edt.12829 -
Journal of Nanobiotechnology Dec 2023Xenogeneic extracellular matrices (xECM) for cell support have emerged as a potential strategy for addressing the scarcity of donor matrices for allotransplantation....
Mesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles protect against oxidative stress-induced xenogeneic biological root injury via adaptive regulation of the PI3K/Akt/NRF2 pathway.
Xenogeneic extracellular matrices (xECM) for cell support have emerged as a potential strategy for addressing the scarcity of donor matrices for allotransplantation. However, the poor survival rate or failure of xECM-based organ transplantation is due to the negative impacts of high-level oxidative stress and inflammation on seed cell viability and stemness. Herein, we constructed xenogeneic bioengineered tooth roots (bio-roots) and used extracellular vesicles from human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hASC-EVs) to shield bio-roots from oxidative damage. Pretreatment with hASC-EVs reduced cell apoptosis, reactive oxygen species generation, mitochondrial changes, and DNA damage. Furthermore, hASC-EV treatment improved cell proliferation, antioxidant capacity, and odontogenic and osteogenic differentiation, while significantly suppressing oxidative damage by activating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway and nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NFE2)-related factor 2 (NRF2) nuclear translocation via p62-associated Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) degradation. Inhibition of PI3K/Akt and Nrf2 knockdown reduced antioxidant capacity, indicating that the PI3K/Akt/NRF2 pathway partly mediates these effects. In subcutaneous grafting experiments using Sprague-Dawley rats, hASC-EV administration significantly enhanced the antioxidant effect of the bio-root, improved the regeneration efficiency of periodontal ligament-like tissue, and maximized xenograft function. Conclusively, therefore, hASC-EVs have the potential to be used as an immune modulator and antioxidant for treating oxidative stress-induced bio-root resorption and degradation, which may be utilized for the generation and restoration of other intricate tissues and organs.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Rats; Antioxidants; Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Osteogenesis; Oxidative Stress; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reactive Oxygen Species; Extracellular Vesicles
PubMed: 38049845
DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02214-5 -
BMC Oral Health May 2024Low impacted third molars are usually asymptomatic and are often found by X-ray examination. The removal of asymptomatic low impacted third molars is one of the most...
OBJECTIVE
Low impacted third molars are usually asymptomatic and are often found by X-ray examination. The removal of asymptomatic low impacted third molars is one of the most controversial clinical issues in oral and maxillofacial surgery.
METHODS
In this study, 806 patients with low impacted mandibular third molars (LIMTMs) (full bony impaction) were analyzed to determine the prevalence and risk factors for cystic lesions and adjacent tooth root resorption throughout the patients' entire life cycle.
RESULTS
The results showed that the prevalence of adjacent tooth root resorption and cystic lesions was age-related, exhibiting a trend of first increasing and then decreasing; prevalence peaked at the age of 41 to 45 years old, the prevalence rates were 12.50% and 11.11% respectively. And the lowest prevalence rate was 2.86% and 2.44% in ≥ 61 group and 56- to 60-year age group respectively. Age was an independent risk factor for adjacent tooth root resorption of LIMTMs, whereas age and impaction type (especially inverted impaction) were independent risk factors for cystic lesions.
CONCLUSIONS
The full life cycle management strategy for LIMTMs may need to be individualized. Surgical removal is recommended for LIMTMs in patients younger than 41 to 45 years, especially for inverted, mesioangular, and horizontally impacted LIMTMs. LIMTMs in patients older than 41 to 45 years may be treated conservatively with regular follow-up, but surgical removal of inverted impacted LIMTMs is still recommended to avoid cyst formation.
Topics: Humans; Molar, Third; Tooth, Impacted; Root Resorption; Female; Retrospective Studies; Male; Adult; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; Mandible; Prevalence; Young Adult; Adolescent; Age Factors; Aged
PubMed: 38698359
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04248-z -
European Journal of Dentistry Oct 2023Our aims were to evaluate the Vitapex pulpectomy (PE) success rate, Vitapex resorption rate, and their associated factors in primary teeth.
OBJECTIVES
Our aims were to evaluate the Vitapex pulpectomy (PE) success rate, Vitapex resorption rate, and their associated factors in primary teeth.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
This retrospective study evaluated the clinical records of Vitapex PE-treated patients at the Pediatric Dental Clinic, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, from 2013 to 2019. The patient's and pulpectomized tooth's characteristics, procedure, materials used, and type of operator were recorded. A dentist evaluated and compared the periapical lesion, root status, obturation quality, and Vitapex resorption on preoperative, immediate, and follow-up digital radiographs. PE failure was defined as radiographic lesion progression.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the Vitapex PE success rate and Vitapex resorption rate. Multivariate Cox regression was used to determine the related factors.
RESULTS
In total, 647 Vitapex PE teeth from 448 patients (19-121-month-old) were analyzed. The follow-up periods ranged from 6 to 60 months. The success rate was 88.9 and 68.1% at the 12- and 24-month follow-up, respectively, and remained stable at 53.8% at the 36 to 60-month follow-ups. The factors related to Vitapex PE failure were age and a preoperative pathologic lesion. More than 50% of the pulpectomized teeth presented Vitapex resorption faster than physiologic root resorption at the 12-month follow-up. The patients' age at treatment and the obturation quality were significantly related to the Vitapex resorption rate.
CONCLUSIONS
The success rate of Vitapex PE decreased time dependently and was related to the patient's age at treatment and a preoperative lesion. The Vitapex resorption was faster than root resorption and was associated with the patient's age at treatment and the root filling extravasation.
PubMed: 37276881
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1758792 -
Invasive Cervical Root Resorption: A Comprehensive Review on Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment.Iranian Endodontic Journal 2024Invasive cervical root resorption (ICRR) is a dental pathology, marked by unexpected destruction originating in the cervical region of the tooth. This comprehensive... (Review)
Review
Invasive cervical root resorption (ICRR) is a dental pathology, marked by unexpected destruction originating in the cervical region of the tooth. This comprehensive literature review provides a holistic view into the pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, and precise management of ICRR, aiming to guide endodontists and enhance patient care and treatment outcomes. The review delves into the potential etiology of ICRR, covering contributing factors such as trauma, orthodontic treatment, and other pertinent conditions. It outlines the clinical and radiographic indicators, underscoring the crucial role of early detection and precise diagnosis in effectively managing and halting ICRR progression. The exploration of treatment approaches is thorough, ranging from non-surgical methods like vital pulp therapy or root canal treatment to surgical interventions. This review accentuates the essential role of interdisciplinary collaboration among diverse dental specialties in enhancing ICRR management. It highlights the importance of a consolidated strategy in enhancing treatment outcomes and preserving tooth structure and function. Moreover, it investigates prevention methods, risk evaluation, and identifies prospective research pathways to address the existing knowledge gaps.
PubMed: 38223835
DOI: 10.22037/iej.v19i1.44246 -
International Journal of Oral Science Dec 2023Periodontitis is caused by overactive osteoclast activity that results in the loss of periodontal supporting tissue and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are essential for...
Periodontitis is caused by overactive osteoclast activity that results in the loss of periodontal supporting tissue and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are essential for periodontal regeneration. However, the hypoxic periodontal microenvironment during periodontitis induces the apoptosis of MSCs. Apoptotic bodies (ABs) are the major product of apoptotic cells and have been attracting increased attention as potential mediators for periodontitis treatment, thus we investigated the effects of ABs derived from MSCs on periodontitis. MSCs were derived from bone marrows of mice and were cultured under hypoxic conditions for 72 h, after which ABs were isolated from the culture supernatant using a multi-filtration system. The results demonstrate that ABs derived from MSCs inhibited osteoclast differentiation and alveolar bone resorption. miRNA array analysis showed that miR-223-3p is highly enriched in those ABs and is critical for their therapeutic effects. Targetscan and luciferase activity results confirmed that Itgb1 is targeted by miR-223-3p, which interferes with the function of osteoclasts. Additionally, DC-STAMP is a key regulator that mediates membrane infusion. ABs and pre-osteoclasts expressed high levels of DC-STAMP on their membranes, which mediates the engulfment of ABs by pre-osteoclasts. ABs with knock-down of DC-STAMP failed to be engulfed by pre-osteoclasts. Collectively, MSC-derived ABs are targeted to be engulfed by pre-osteoclasts via DC-STAMP, which rescued alveolar bone loss by transferring miR-223-3p to osteoclasts, which in turn led to the attenuation of their differentiation and bone resorption. These results suggest that MSC-derived ABs are promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of periodontitis.
Topics: Humans; Osteoclasts; Alveolar Bone Loss; Cell Differentiation; MicroRNAs; Periodontitis; Extracellular Vesicles; Apoptosis; Mesenchymal Stem Cells
PubMed: 38040672
DOI: 10.1038/s41368-023-00255-y -
Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences Jul 2023The current cross-sectional study aimed to assess the relationship between impacted maxillary canines and their effect on root resorption of neighboring teeth using...
OBJECTIVE
The current cross-sectional study aimed to assess the relationship between impacted maxillary canines and their effect on root resorption of neighboring teeth using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study evaluated the effect of 24 impacted maxillary canines on the adjacent tooth roots. We used a CBCT to evaluate the position and size of the dental follicle of impacted maxillary canines and the severity of root resorption on adjacent teeth. We used a -test to compare the significant differences between the width of the dental follicle and the severity of root resorption. The inter- and intra-rater agreements were assessed.
RESULTS
A number of 12 impacted canines had resorbed the roots of adjacent teeth. Lateral incisors were most affected (83.3%), followed by central incisors (16.7%). Mild root resorption was found in 10 cases, while severe resorption was found in two cases. We found no relation between the size of the dental follicle and the degree of root resorption. The inter- and intra-rater agreements were high.
CONCLUSION
In cases with maxillary impacted canines, special consideration should be directed to the roots of the maxillary lateral incisors. Our findings could not confirm any relationship between the size of the dental follicle width of the maxillary impacted canines and the degree of root resorption of the adjacent incisors. More studies are needed to assess the proximity and path of eruption of impacted maxillary canines and their effect on the neighboring teeth.
PubMed: 37654346
DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_173_23 -
BMC Ecology and Evolution Apr 2024Tooth replacement patterns of early-diverging ornithischians, which are important for understanding the evolution of the highly specialized dental systems in hadrosaurid...
BACKGROUND
Tooth replacement patterns of early-diverging ornithischians, which are important for understanding the evolution of the highly specialized dental systems in hadrosaurid and ceratopsid dinosaurs, are poorly known. The early-diverging neornithischian Jeholosaurus, a small, bipedal herbivorous dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota, is an important taxon for understanding ornithischian dental evolution, but its dental morphology was only briefly described previously and its tooth replacement is poorly known.
RESULTS
CT scanning of six specimens representing different ontogenetic stages of Jeholosaurus reveals significant new information regarding the dental system of Jeholosaurus, including one or two replacement teeth in nearly all alveoli, relatively complete tooth resorption, and an increase in the numbers of alveoli and replacement teeth during ontogeny. Reconstructions of Zahnreihen indicate that the replacement pattern of the maxillary dentition is similar to that of the dentary dentition but with a cyclical difference. The maxillary tooth replacement rate in Jeholosaurus is probably 46 days, which is faster than that of most other early-diverging ornithischians. During the ontogeny of Jeholosaurus, the premaxillary tooth replacement rate slows from 25 days to 33 days with similar daily dentine formation.
CONCLUSIONS
The tooth replacement rate exhibits a decreasing trend with ontogeny, as in Alligator. In a phylogenetic context, fast tooth replacement and multi-generation replacement teeth have evolved at least twice independently in Ornithopoda, and our analyses suggest that the early-diverging members of the major ornithischian clades exhibit different tooth replacement patterns as an adaption to herbivory.
Topics: Animals; Phylogeny; Dinosaurs; Herbivory; Fossils; Tooth
PubMed: 38627692
DOI: 10.1186/s12862-024-02233-2 -
Korean Journal of Orthodontics Jan 2024: This systematic review aimed to evaluate the correlation between vitamin D levels and the rate of tooth movement, external apical root resorption, bone biomarker...
OBJECTIVE
: This systematic review aimed to evaluate the correlation between vitamin D levels and the rate of tooth movement, external apical root resorption, bone biomarker expression, and bone remodeling.
METHODS
: Three databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) were systematically searched from inception until 14th March 2023 to identify studies investigating the correlation between orthodontic tooth movement and vitamin D in animals and humans. The quality assessment was made in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist.
RESULTS
: Overall, 519 records were identified, and 19 were selected for the qualitative synthesis. Eleven studies investigated the effect of local administration (injections in the periodontal ligament, to the gingiva distal to the teeth, or submucosae palatal area) and systemic administration (oral supplementation) of vitamin D on tooth movement, external apical root movement, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and bone remodeling factors. The remaining eight studies investigated the correlation between serum vitamin D levels and salivary vitamin D levels on bone turnover markers and tooth movement.
CONCLUSIONS
: The findings of this systematic review support that vitamin D3 local injections might increase the rate of tooth movement via the receptor activator of the nuclear factor-kB/osteoprotegerin axis. However, the non-uniform study designs and the different protocols and outcome methods make it challenging to draw reliable conclusions.
PubMed: 38268460
DOI: 10.4041/kjod23.064 -
Iranian Biomedical Journal Sep 2023Autogenous bone grafts are the gold standard for being used as graft materials in maxillofacial surgery. However, a limited amount of these materials is available from...
BACKGROUND
Autogenous bone grafts are the gold standard for being used as graft materials in maxillofacial surgery. However, a limited amount of these materials is available from the donor site, and there is also more need for a larger operating area and a second surgery, which frequently leads to unreliable graft incorporation, tooth ankylosis, and root resorption. Therefore, newer bone graft substitutes have been developed as alternatives, among which eggshell powder has been introduced as a bone substitute. This study aimed to evaluate the biocompatibility, resorption kinetics, and osteoproductivity of the unprocessed, CMC-coated, and gelatin-coated ostrich eggshell particles.
METHODS
Four half-thickness calvarial defects were created in each animal. At the end of the 1st and 3rd months, the defected sites were investigated by clinical, histological, radiological and histomorphometrical methods.
RESULTS
Coating the eggshell particles with CMC and gelatin facilitated their surgical application and contributed to new bone formation. However, their newly formed bone rate at the 3rd month was lower than those of the unprocessed eggshell particles. The CMC coating was more effective than gelatin coating in the bone modeling process.
CONCLUSION
Ostrich eggshell particles either in native form or coated with CMC could be used as a bone filler for supporting new bone formation and healing in treatment of osseous defects.
PubMed: 38142310
DOI: 10.61186/ibj.3940