-
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics Dec 2024Influenza A viruses pose a significant threat to global health, impacting both humans and animals. Zoonotic transmission, particularly from swine and avian species, is... (Review)
Review
Influenza A viruses pose a significant threat to global health, impacting both humans and animals. Zoonotic transmission, particularly from swine and avian species, is the primary source of human influenza outbreaks. Notably, avian influenza viruses of the H5N1, H7N9, and H9N2 subtypes are of pandemic concern through their global spread and sporadic human infections. Preventing and controlling these viruses is critical due to their high threat level. Vaccination remains the most effective strategy for influenza prevention and control in humans, despite varying vaccine efficacy across strains. This review focuses specifically on pandemic preparedness for avian influenza viruses. We delve into vaccines tested in animal models and summarize clinical trials conducted on H5N1, H7N9, and H9N2 vaccines in humans.
Topics: Animals; Influenza Vaccines; Humans; Influenza, Human; Influenza in Birds; Pandemics; Birds; Vaccine Development; Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype; Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype; Clinical Trials as Topic; Disease Models, Animal; Vaccination; Pandemic Preparedness
PubMed: 38807261
DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2347019 -
Vaccines Jul 2023Vaccination is one of the most effective strategies to control epidemics. With the deepening of people's awareness of vaccination, there is a high demand for... (Review)
Review
Vaccination is one of the most effective strategies to control epidemics. With the deepening of people's awareness of vaccination, there is a high demand for vaccination. Hence, a flexible, rapid, and cost-effective vaccine platform is urgently needed. The baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) has emerged as a promising technology for vaccine production due to its high safety, rapid production, flexible product design, and scalability. In this review, we introduced the development history of BEVS and the procedures for preparing recombinant protein vaccines using the BEVS platform and summarized the features and limitations of this platform. Furthermore, we highlighted the progress of the BEVS platform-related research, especially in the field of vaccine. Finally, we provided a new prospect for BEVS in future vaccine manufacturing, which may pave the way for future BEVS-derived vaccine development.
PubMed: 37515034
DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071218 -
International Journal of Biological... Aug 2023Since May 2022, the mpox virus (MPXV) has spread worldwide and become a potential threat to global public health. Vaccines are important tools for preventing MPXV... (Review)
Review
Since May 2022, the mpox virus (MPXV) has spread worldwide and become a potential threat to global public health. Vaccines are important tools for preventing MPXV transmission and infection in the population. However, there are still no available potent and applicable vaccines specifically for MPXV. Herein, we highlight several potential vaccine targets for MPVX and emphasize potent immunogens, such as M1R, E8L, H3L, A29L, A35R, and B6R proteins. These proteins can be integrated into diverse vaccine platforms to elicit powerful B-cell and T-cell responses, thereby providing protective immunity against MPXV infection. Overall, research on the MPXV vaccine targets would provide valuable information for developing timely effective MPXV-specific vaccines.
Topics: Viral Vaccines; Monkeypox virus; B-Lymphocytes
PubMed: 37353117
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125515 -
Frontiers in Plant Science 2023
PubMed: 38078085
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1335247 -
Open Veterinary Journal Dec 2023The African swine fever virus (ASFV) poses a serious threat to global swine populations, underscoring the urgent need for effective preventive strategies. This... (Review)
Review
The African swine fever virus (ASFV) poses a serious threat to global swine populations, underscoring the urgent need for effective preventive strategies. This comprehensive review investigates the intricate interplay between innate, cellular, and humoral immunity against ASFV, with a focus on their relevance to vaccine development. By delving into immunopathogenesis and immunological challenges, this review article aims to provide a holistic perspective on the complexities of ASFV infections and immune evasion. Key findings underscore the critical role of innate immune recognition in shaping subsequent adaptive immune defenses, potential protective antigens, and the multifaceted nature of ASFV-specific antibodies and cytotoxic T-cell responses. Despite advancements, the unique attributes of ASFV present hurdles in the development of a successful vaccine. In conclusion, this review examines the current state of ASFV immune responses and offers insights into future research directions, fostering the development of effective interventions against this devastating pathogen.
Topics: Swine; Animals; African Swine Fever Virus; Viral Proteins; African Swine Fever; Immunity, Humoral; Vaccine Development; Swine Diseases
PubMed: 38292721
DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2023.v13.i12.2 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2024Shigellosis is a severe gastrointestinal disease that annually affects approximately 270 million individuals globally. It has particularly high morbidity and mortality... (Review)
Review
Shigellosis is a severe gastrointestinal disease that annually affects approximately 270 million individuals globally. It has particularly high morbidity and mortality in low-income regions; however, it is not confined to these regions and occurs in high-income nations when conditions allow. The ill effects of shigellosis are at their highest in children ages 2 to 5, with survivors often exhibiting impaired growth due to infection-induced malnutrition. The escalating threat of antibiotic resistance further amplifies shigellosis as a serious public health concern. This review explores pathology, with a primary focus on the status of vaccine candidates. These candidates include killed whole-cells, live attenuated organisms, LPS-based, and subunit vaccines. The strengths and weaknesses of each vaccination strategy are considered. The discussion includes potential immunogens, such as LPS, conserved T3SS proteins, outer membrane proteins, diverse animal models used in vaccine research, and innovative vaccine development approaches. Additionally, this review addresses ongoing challenges that necessitate action toward advancing effective prevention and control measures.
Topics: Humans; Shigella Vaccines; Dysentery, Bacillary; Animals; Shigella; Vaccines, Subunit; Vaccine Development; Vaccines, Attenuated
PubMed: 38673913
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084329 -
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics Dec 2024Traditional vaccines have limits against some persistent infections and pathogens. The development of novel vaccine technologies is particularly critical for the future.... (Review)
Review
Traditional vaccines have limits against some persistent infections and pathogens. The development of novel vaccine technologies is particularly critical for the future. Exosomes play an important role in physiological and pathological processes. Exosomes present many advantages, such as inherent capacity being biocompatible, non-toxic, which make them a more desirable candidate for vaccines. However, research on exosomes are in their infancy and the barriers of low yield, low purity, and weak targeting of exosomes limit their applications in vaccines. Accordingly, further exploration is necessary to improve these problems and subsequently facilitate the functional studies of exosomes. In this study, we reviewed the origin, classification, functions, modifications, separation and purification, and characterization methods of exosomes. Meanwhile, we focused on the role and mechanism of exosomes for cancer and COVID-19 vaccines.
Topics: Exosomes; Humans; COVID-19 Vaccines; Cancer Vaccines; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Neoplasms; Animals; Vaccine Development
PubMed: 38714324
DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2345940 -
Biology Dec 2023Immunopeptidomics, as the analysis of antigen peptides being presented to the immune system via major histocompatibility complexes (MHC), is being seen as an imperative...
Immunopeptidomics, as the analysis of antigen peptides being presented to the immune system via major histocompatibility complexes (MHC), is being seen as an imperative tool for identifying epitopes for vaccine development to treat cancer and viral and bacterial infections as well as parasites. The field has made tremendous strides over the last 25 years but currently still faces challenges in sensitivity and throughput for widespread applications in personalized medicine and large vaccine development studies. Cutting-edge technological advancements in sample preparation, liquid chromatography as well as mass spectrometry, and data analysis, however, are currently transforming the field. This perspective showcases how the advent of single-cell proteomics has accelerated this transformation of immunopeptidomics in recent years and will pave the way for even more sensitive and higher-throughput immunopeptidomics analyses.
PubMed: 38132340
DOI: 10.3390/biology12121514 -
Pharmaceutics Jun 2023Over the last several years, there has been increased interest from academia and the pharmaceutical/biotech industry in the development of vaccine adjuvants for new and... (Review)
Review
Over the last several years, there has been increased interest from academia and the pharmaceutical/biotech industry in the development of vaccine adjuvants for new and emerging vaccine modalities. Despite this, vaccine adjuvant development still has some of the longest timelines in the pharmaceutical space, from discovery to clinical approval. The reasons for this are manyfold and range from complexities in translation from animal to human models, concerns about safety or reactogenicity, to challenges in sourcing the necessary raw materials at scale. In this review, we will describe the current state of the art for many adjuvant technologies and how they should be approached or applied in the development of new vaccine products. We postulate that there are many factors to be considered and tools to be applied earlier on in the vaccine development pipeline to improve the likelihood of clinical success. These recommendations may require a modified approach to some of the common practices in new product development but would result in more accessible and practical adjuvant-containing products.
PubMed: 37514037
DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071850 -
PLoS Pathogens Jun 2023Mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are MR1-restricted, innate-like T lymphocytes with tremendous antibacterial and immunomodulatory functions. Additionally, MAIT...
Mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are MR1-restricted, innate-like T lymphocytes with tremendous antibacterial and immunomodulatory functions. Additionally, MAIT cells sense and respond to viral infections in an MR1-independent fashion. However, whether they can be directly targeted in immunization strategies against viral pathogens is unclear. We addressed this question in multiple wild-type and genetically altered but clinically relevant mouse strains using several vaccine platforms against influenza viruses, poxviruses and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We demonstrate that 5-(2-oxopropylideneamino)-6-D-ribitylaminouracil (5-OP-RU), a riboflavin-based MR1 ligand of bacterial origin, can synergize with viral vaccines to expand MAIT cells in multiple tissues, reprogram them towards a pro-inflammatory MAIT1 phenotype, license them to bolster virus-specific CD8+ T cell responses, and potentiate heterosubtypic anti-influenza protection. Repeated 5-OP-RU administration did not render MAIT cells anergic, thus allowing for its inclusion in prime-boost immunization protocols. Mechanistically, tissue MAIT cell accumulation was due to their robust proliferation, as opposed to altered migratory behavior, and required viral vaccine replication competency and Toll-like receptor 3 and type I interferon receptor signaling. The observed phenomenon was reproducible in female and male mice, and in both young and old animals. It could also be recapitulated in a human cell culture system in which peripheral blood mononuclear cells were exposed to replicating virions and 5-OP-RU. In conclusion, although viruses and virus-based vaccines are devoid of the riboflavin biosynthesis machinery that supplies MR1 ligands, targeting MR1 enhances the efficacy of vaccine-elicited antiviral immunity. We propose 5-OP-RU as a non-classic but potent and versatile vaccine adjuvant against respiratory viruses.
Topics: Female; Male; Humans; Mice; Animals; Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells; Vaccine Efficacy; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Riboflavin; Vaccines; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; Minor Histocompatibility Antigens
PubMed: 37384813
DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011485