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Veterinary Medicine and Science Sep 2023Orchiectomy with a vas deferens to pampiniform plexus ligation (VPL) is a novel method, and it is unclear how its short-term outcomes compare with the results of a...
BACKGROUND
Orchiectomy with a vas deferens to pampiniform plexus ligation (VPL) is a novel method, and it is unclear how its short-term outcomes compare with the results of a conventional method, spermatic cord ligation (SCL).
OBJECTIVE
To compare the short-term outcomes of SCL and VPL on inflammation, surgery time, bleeding, pain and surgeon satisfaction during canine open orchiectomy.
METHODS
Thirty male crossbred dogs undergoing open orchiectomy were enrolled the study. Dogs were randomly allocated to one of the SCL or VPL groups, with 15 patients in each. In the SCL group, the spermatic cord was ligated using absorbable sutures. The vas deferens, and pampiniform plexus self-tying were performed in the VPL group. Surgery time, bleeding and surgeon satisfaction scores were recorded. Inflammation at the surgical site was assessed using infrared thermal camera over three days, and pain associated with inflammation was scored on the third day.
RESULTS
On Day 3, the average temperature in the SCL group was significantly higher than that of the VPL group, with a mean difference of 4.63°C (95% CI: 2.34-6.93, p < 0.001). Moreover, the surgery time in the VPL group was significantly longer compared to the SCL group, with a mean difference of 1.7 min (95% CI: 0.28-3.11, p = 0.021). The bleeding score was also significantly higher in the VPL group (p = 0.012). On the other hand, surgeon satisfaction and pain scores were not significantly different between groups.
CONCLUSION
Both SCL and VPL methods are safe and effective for orchiectomy in dogs. VPL is comparable in efficacy and safety and has the additional benefit of less inflammation.
Topics: Dogs; Male; Animals; Spermatic Cord; Vas Deferens; Orchiectomy; Prospective Studies; Inflammation; Pain; Dog Diseases
PubMed: 37466009
DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1208 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2024As an important gas signaling molecule, hydrogen sulfide (HS) affects multiple organ systems, including the nervous, cardiovascular, digestive, and genitourinary,... (Review)
Review
As an important gas signaling molecule, hydrogen sulfide (HS) affects multiple organ systems, including the nervous, cardiovascular, digestive, and genitourinary, reproductive systems. In particular, HS not only regulates female reproductive function but also holds great promise in the treatment of male reproductive diseases and disorders, such as erectile dysfunction, prostate cancer, varicocele, and infertility. In this review, we summarize the relationship between HS and male reproductive organs, including the penis, testis, prostate, vas deferens, and epididymis. As lower urinary tract symptoms have a significant impact on penile erection disorders, we also address the potential ameliorative effects of HS in erectile dysfunction resulting from bladder disease. Additionally, we discuss the regulatory role of HS in cavernous smooth muscle relaxation, which involves the NO/cGMP pathway, the RhoA/Rho-kinase pathway, and K channel activation. Recently, various compounds that can alleviate erectile dysfunction have been reported to be at least partly dependent on HS. Therefore, understanding the role of HS in the male reproductive system may help develop novel strategies for the clinical treatment of male reproductive system diseases.
Topics: Hydrogen Sulfide; Humans; Male; Genitalia, Male; Animals; Erectile Dysfunction; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 38883604
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1377090 -
Genes Jul 2023(1) Introduction: Pathogenic variants in the (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator, OMIM: 602421) gene cause Cystic Fibrosis (CF, OMIM: 219700) and...
(1) Introduction: Pathogenic variants in the (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator, OMIM: 602421) gene cause Cystic Fibrosis (CF, OMIM: 219700) and CF-related disorders (CF-RD), often accompanied by obstructive azoospermia due to congenital bilateral aplasia of vas deferens (CBAVD, OMIM: 277180) in male patients. The L138ins (c.413_415dup; p. (Leu138dup)) is a mild variant in the gene that is relatively common among CF-patients in Slavic populations. The frequency of this variant in Russian infertile men has not been sufficiently studied; (2) Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 6033 Russian infertile men. The patients were tested for 22 common in Russian populations pathogenic variants of the gene and the IVS9Tn-polymorphic locus of the intron 9. Molecular-genetic studies were performed using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP-PCR), multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), and nested PCR (for analysis of the IVS9Tn-polymorphic locus); (3) Results: Pathogenic variants in the were detected in 3.9% of patients. The most frequent variants were F508del and CFTRdele2.3(21kb), accounted for 61.0% and 7.1% of detected variants, respectively. The L138ins variant was detected in 17 (0.28%) individuals: one of them was homozygous, 10 patients were heterozygous, and 6 patients were compound-heterozygous (F508del/L138ins, = 4; L138ins/N1303K, = 1; L138ins/5T, = 1). Two pathogenic CF-causing variants in the gene were detected in 8 patients, including 7 compound heterozygous (F508del/L138ins, = 4; F508del/N1303K, = 1; 2184insA/E92K, = 1; 3849+10kbC>T/E92K, = 1) and one homozygous (L138ins/L138ins). The L138ins variant was found in 7 out of 16 (43.75%) chromosomes in six of these patients. The most common pathogenic variant, F508del, was identified in five out of them, in 5 of 16 (31.25%) chromosomes. The allele frequency (AF) of the L138ins variant in the sample has been found to be 0.0014.; (4) Conclusions: The L138ins variant of the gene is the third most common variant after F508del and CFTRdele2.3(kb) among Russian infertile men.
Topics: Humans; Male; Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis; Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator; Gene Frequency; Mutation; Russia; Infertility, Male
PubMed: 37510311
DOI: 10.3390/genes14071407 -
Biological Research Oct 2023In vitro incubation of epididymal and vas deferens sperm with Mn induces Sperm Chromatin Fragmentation (SCF), a mechanism that causes double-stranded breaks in...
BACKGROUND
In vitro incubation of epididymal and vas deferens sperm with Mn induces Sperm Chromatin Fragmentation (SCF), a mechanism that causes double-stranded breaks in toroid-linker regions (TLRs). Whether this mechanism, thought to require the participation of topoisomerases and/or DNAses and thus far only described in epididymal mouse sperm, can be triggered in ejaculated sperm is yet to be elucidated. The current study aimed to determine if exposure of pig ejaculated sperm to divalent ions (Mn and Mg) activates SCF, and whether this has any impact on sperm function and survival. For this purpose, sperm DNA integrity was evaluated through the Comet assay and Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE); sperm motility and agglutination were assessed with computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA); and sperm viability and levels of total reactive oxygen species (ROS) and superoxides were determined through flow cytometry.
RESULTS
Incubation with Mn/Ca activated SCF in a dose-dependent (P < 0.05) albeit not time-dependent manner (P > 0.05); in contrast, Mg/Ca only triggered SCF at high concentrations (50 mM). The PFGE revealed that, when activated by Mn/Ca or Mg/Ca, SCF generated DNA fragments of 33-194 Kb, compatible with the size of one or multiple toroids. Besides, Mn/Ca affected sperm motility in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05), whereas Mg/Ca only impaired this variable at high concentrations (P < 0.05). While this effect on motility was concomitant with an increase of agglutination, neither viability nor ROS levels were affected by Mn/Ca or Mg/Ca treatments.
CONCLUSION
Mn/Ca and Mn/Ca were observed to induce SCF in ejaculated sperm, resulting in DNA cleavage at TLRs. The activation of this mechanism by an intracellular, non-oxidative factor sheds light on the events taking place during sperm cell death.
Topics: Male; Mice; Animals; Swine; Chromatin; Reactive Oxygen Species; Semen; Sperm Motility; Spermatozoa; DNA; DNA Fragmentation
PubMed: 37876007
DOI: 10.1186/s40659-023-00467-w -
Nature Communications Jan 2024Breeding bulls are well suited to investigate inherited variation in male fertility because they are genotyped and their reproductive success is monitored through semen...
Breeding bulls are well suited to investigate inherited variation in male fertility because they are genotyped and their reproductive success is monitored through semen analyses and thousands of artificial inseminations. However, functional data from relevant tissues are lacking in cattle, which prevents fine-mapping fertility-associated genomic regions. Here, we characterize gene expression and splicing variation in testis, epididymis, and vas deferens transcriptomes of 118 mature bulls and conduct association tests between 414,667 molecular phenotypes and 21,501,032 genome-wide variants to identify 41,156 regulatory loci. We show broad consensus in tissue-specific and tissue-enriched gene expression between the three bovine tissues and their human and murine counterparts. Expression- and splicing-mediating variants are more than three times as frequent in testis than epididymis and vas deferens, highlighting the transcriptional complexity of testis. Finally, we identify genes (WDR19, SPATA16, KCTD19, ZDHHC1) and molecular phenotypes that are associated with quantitative variation in male fertility through transcriptome-wide association and colocalization analyses.
Topics: Humans; Cattle; Animals; Male; Mice; Quantitative Trait Loci; Epididymis; Testis; Consensus; Fertility
PubMed: 38253538
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44935-7 -
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental... 2024Over 8% of couples worldwide are affected by infertility and nearly half of these cases are due to male-specific issues where the underlying cause is often unknown....
Over 8% of couples worldwide are affected by infertility and nearly half of these cases are due to male-specific issues where the underlying cause is often unknown. Therefore, discovery of new genetic factors contributing to male-specific infertility in model organisms can enhance our understanding of the etiology of this disorder. Here we show that murine ATP10A, a phospholipid flippase, is highly expressed in male reproductive organs, specifically the testes and vas deferens. Therefore, we tested the influence of ATP10A on reproduction by examining fertility of knockout mice. Our findings reveal that deficiency leads to male-specific infertility, but does not perturb fertility in the females. The deficient male mice exhibit smaller testes, reduced sperm count (oligozoospermia) and lower sperm motility (asthenozoospermia). Additionally, deficient mice display testes and vas deferens histopathological abnormalities, as well as altered total and relative amounts of hormones associated with the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Surprisingly, circulating testosterone is elevated 2-fold in the knockout mice while luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, and inhibin B levels were not significantly different from WT littermates. The knockout mice also exhibit elevated levels of gonadotropin receptors and alterations to ERK, p38 MAPK, Akt, and cPLA-dependent signaling in the testes. was knocked out in the C57BL/6J background, which also carries an inactivating nonsense mutation in the closely related lipid flippase, We have corrected the nonsense mutation using CRISPR/Cas9 and determined that loss of alone is sufficient to cause infertility in male mice. Collectively, these findings highlight the critical role of ATP10A in male fertility in mice and provide valuable insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms.
PubMed: 38415274
DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1310593 -
Animal Reproduction 2023The objectives of the study were to (1) describe the kinematic parameters of spermatozoa (2) compare methods of evaluating sperm viability (3) validate assays of...
The objectives of the study were to (1) describe the kinematic parameters of spermatozoa (2) compare methods of evaluating sperm viability (3) validate assays of functionality and integrity of the sperm membrane and (4) evaluate possible changes between spermatozoa from the epididymis and the vas deferens of the greater rhea. Semen samples were recovered from 7 adult individuals. Sperm motility was characterized by adjusting the set-up for Computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) to that new species. For sperm viability evaluation, smears of bromophenol blue and eosin-nigrosine dyes were used. Five solutions of different osmolarities were then tested for the hypoosmotic swelling test (HOST). The combination of fluorescent probes (propidium iodide - IP and Hoechst 33342) was also used to assess plasma membrane integrity. Data were presented as mean ± SEM. Rhea spermatozoa from the vas deferens had an overall motility of 14.6 ± 2.5%. The bromophenol blue staining technique revealed that 64.6 ± 5.2% sperm were viable, while that proportion was 72.1 ± 2.5% using eosin-nigrosine. An average of 77.6 ± 4.8% of spermatozoa reacted to the HOST with distilled water at 0 mOsm/l. Fluorescent probes indicated that 65.3 ± 2.6% of spermatozoa had intact membranes. Interestingly, no statistical differences were observed between the parameters analyzed in the epididymal spermatozoa and the vas deferens. These new assays set reference values that can now be used to further exploration of sperm handling conditions and freezing protocols in rheas.
PubMed: 38213765
DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-AR2023-0113 -
Asian Journal of Surgery Oct 2023Inguinal hernia is a common condition; however, irreducible inguinal hernias are rare. In this retrospective study, two laparoscopic procedures for irreducible inguinal...
BACKGROUND
Inguinal hernia is a common condition; however, irreducible inguinal hernias are rare. In this retrospective study, two laparoscopic procedures for irreducible inguinal hernia were compared.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study cohort comprised 88 patients who had undergone laparoscopic repair of primary irreducible inguinal hernias between 1 June 2011 and 31 December 2019. The patients were retrospectively divided into Hybrid (Group H) and Standard Transabdominal Preperitoneal (TAPP) Groups (Group S). Patient characteristics, hernia details, and intraoperative and postoperative complications were compared between study groups.
RESULTS
There were no significant differences between the two groups in baseline characteristics, including age, sex, body mass index, hernia type, operation time, hospital stay, cost, and duration of follow-up. No recurrence or surgical site infection occurred in either group. There were no significant differences between the two groups in incidence of spermatic vessel injury (0% vs. 2.04%, P = 0.370), vas deferens injury (0% vs. 6.12%, P = 0.116), epigastric vessels injury (0% vs. 4.08%, P = 0.202), scrotal hematoma (7.69% vs. 2.04%, P = 0.206), dysuria (5.13% vs. 8.16%, P = 0.575), fever (17.95% vs. 16.32%, P = 0.841), seroma (25.64% vs. 32.65%, P = 0.474), chronic pain (0% vs. 2.04%, P = 0.370), sensation of a foreign body (2.56% vs. 2.04%, P = 0.870), or pain on ejaculation (0% vs. 2.04%, P = 0.370). The incidence of acute pain was higher in Group H than in Group S (43.59% vs. 8.16%, P = 0.000).
CONCLUSION
The hybrid TAPP procedure is a safe and feasible means of treating irreducible inguinal hernias. Though it is associated with a higher incidence of postoperative acute pain than the standard TAPP procedure, it may have advantages in avoiding injuries to the vas deferens and spermatic vessels.
Topics: Male; Humans; Retrospective Studies; Hernia, Inguinal; Acute Pain; Herniorrhaphy; Laparoscopy; Pain, Postoperative; Surgical Mesh; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 36642546
DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2022.12.040 -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2023Pathogenic variants cause cystic fibrosis (CF), and CF-related disorders (CF-RD), including bilateral aplasia of the vas deferens (CBAVD). The spectrum of clinical...
Pathogenic variants cause cystic fibrosis (CF), and CF-related disorders (CF-RD), including bilateral aplasia of the vas deferens (CBAVD). The spectrum of clinical manifestations depends on the genotype. The frequency and spectrum of the variants vary between populations and clinical groups. variants and genotypes were analyzed in Russian men with CF ( = 546) and CBAVD syndrome ( = 125). Pathogenic variants were detected in 93.95% and 39.2% of the CF and CBAVD alleles, respectively. The most frequent c.1521_1523del (F508del; p.Phe508del) variant was found in 541 (49.5%) CF alleles. A total of 162 genotypes were revealed in CF patients, including 152 homozygous and 394 compound-heterozygous. The most common CF-genotype was F508del/F508del (24.9%). Other frequent CF-genotypes were F508del/3849+10kbC>T, F508del/CFTRdele2,3, and F508del/E92K. CF-causing variants and/or 5T allele were found in 88% of CBAVD patients: 5T/CFTRmut (48.0%), CFTRmut/N (17.6%), CFTRmut/CFTRmut (6.4%), 5T/5T (10.4%), 5T/N (5.6%) and N/N (12.0%), with the most common CBAVD-genotype being F508del/5T (29.6%). The allele frequencies of F508del, CFTRdele2,3 394delTT, and 3849+10kbC>T were significantly higher in CF patients. L138ins/L138ins, 2184insA/E92K, and L138ins/N genotypes were found in CBAVD, but not in CF patients. The results indicate certain differences in the frequency of some variants and genotypes in Russian CF and CBAVD patients.
Topics: Male; Humans; Cystic Fibrosis; Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator; Vas Deferens; Mutation; Genotype; Russia
PubMed: 38003474
DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216287 -
Urology Case Reports Nov 2023We report an exceedingly rare case of Klippel-Feil syndrome (KFS), compounded by ipsilateral absence of the vas deferens, renal agenesis, and diaphragmatic hernia....
We report an exceedingly rare case of Klippel-Feil syndrome (KFS), compounded by ipsilateral absence of the vas deferens, renal agenesis, and diaphragmatic hernia. Unilateral absence of the vas deferens was found incidentally during orchidopexy. To the best of our knowledge, no case of unilateral absence of the kidney and vas deferens has been reported in children with KFS.
PubMed: 37965125
DOI: 10.1016/j.eucr.2023.102600