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Cureus Sep 2023Congenital vertical talus (CVT) is the presence of rigid flatfoot deformity characterized by hindfoot valgus and equinus. This foot deformity is associated with midfoot... (Review)
Review
Congenital vertical talus (CVT) is the presence of rigid flatfoot deformity characterized by hindfoot valgus and equinus. This foot deformity is associated with midfoot dorsiflexion and forefoot abduction due to a fixed dorsal dislocation of the navicular relative to the head of the talus. It is often underdiagnosed in children due to its similarity to other disorders of the foot. Misdiagnosis of CVT and subsequent failure to address it leads to significant disability and pain. While past surgical management consisted of soft tissue releases that produced varying efficacy, current management of CVT consists of serial casting and minimally invasive procedures that have yielded excellent long-term outcomes. This review provides insight into the diagnosis and treatment of CVT with the intention of highlighting the importance of promptness of intervention to prevent further disability.
PubMed: 37753062
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45867 -
World Journal of Orthopedics Jun 2023Subtalar joint is a complex joint in hindfoot formed by the talus superiorly and the calcaneus and navicular inferiorly. Subtalar dislocations are high-mechanism... (Review)
Review
Subtalar joint is a complex joint in hindfoot formed by the talus superiorly and the calcaneus and navicular inferiorly. Subtalar dislocations are high-mechanism injuries, which are caused by simultaneous dislocation of both talonavicular and talocalcaneal joints, without major fracture of the talus. They are usually classified as medial (most common), lateral, anterior and posterior dislocations, based on the position of foot in relation to talus and the indirect forces that have been applied to cause this significant injury. They are usually diagnosed by X rays, but computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging can be used to identify associated intra-articular fractures and peri-talar soft tissue injuries respectively. Majority being closed injuries, can be managed in ED by closed reduction and cast immobilisation, but if they are open, have poor outcomes. Complications that ensue open dislocations are post-traumatic arthritis, instability and avascular necrosis.
PubMed: 37377991
DOI: 10.5312/wjo.v14.i6.379 -
The Journal of Maternal-fetal &... Dec 2023This study aimed to analyze the ultrasound characteristics of fetal congenital vertical talus (CVT) to provide a detailed basis for the prenatal diagnosis of CVT.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to analyze the ultrasound characteristics of fetal congenital vertical talus (CVT) to provide a detailed basis for the prenatal diagnosis of CVT.
METHODS
We retrospectively analyzed the ultrasonographic findings of fetuses with CVT confirmed by X-ray, surgery, or autopsy from 2010 to 2020. Clinical characteristics and ultrasonographic findings of CVT, including foot morphology, ossification center of the calcaneus and talus, associated deformities, and chromosomal test results, were recorded.
RESULTS
Thirteen patients diagnosed with CVT by prenatal ultrasound were confirmed postpartum. Nine cases were bilateral, and four were unilateral. Under two-dimensional ultrasound, 13/13 cases had abnormal foot morphology, and 10 of 13 cases (76.9%) showed that the ossification center of the talus moved downward, and the calcaneus moved laterally. Under three-dimensional ultrasound, 11 cases (84.6%) presented a "rocking chair" appearance, and two cases did not obtain satisfactory three-dimensional image due to oligohydramnios and fetal position. In this group of cases, two cases (15.4%) were isolated CVT, and the other 11 cases (84.6%) were complicated with other abnormalities. Eleven cases of non-isolated CVT and 1 case of isolated CVT were induced, and another patient with isolated CVT had undergone postnatal surgery, which had been followed up for 8 years and recovered well.
CONCLUSIONS
The combination of fetal foot morphology, ossification center position of the calcaneus and talus, and three-dimensional ultrasound can provide a reliable diagnosis of CVT. Furthermore, we should pay more attention to the evaluation of other systemic and chromosomal abnormalities in CVT cases.
Topics: Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Flatfoot; Retrospective Studies; Prenatal Diagnosis; Talus; Ultrasonography, Prenatal
PubMed: 36948222
DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2023.2192323 -
World Journal of Clinical Cases Dec 2023Accessory navicular (AN) is a developmental variation of the secondary ossification center of the navicular tuberosity. Ten percent of patients with AN will have pain... (Review)
Review
Accessory navicular (AN) is a developmental variation of the secondary ossification center of the navicular tuberosity. Ten percent of patients with AN will have pain symptoms that affect walking and life. As the AN changes the position of the posterior tibial tendon insertion, children with AN often have posterior tibial tendon function insufficiency and flexible flat foot. Surgical treatment is often required after failure of conservative treatment. This article reviewed the etiology, clinical manifestations, complications, and treatment methods of AN.
PubMed: 38130606
DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i35.8256