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BMC Infectious Diseases Nov 2023In recent years, observational studies have been conducted to investigate the potential impact of vitamins on sepsis. However, many of these studies have produced...
BACKGROUND
In recent years, observational studies have been conducted to investigate the potential impact of vitamins on sepsis. However, many of these studies have produced inconsistent results. Our Mendelian randomization (MR) study aims to evaluate the causality between vitamins and sepsis from a genetic perspective.
METHODS
Our MR study was designed following the STROBE-MR guidelines. Genetic instrumental variables for vitamins including folate, vitamin B12, B6, A (Retinol), C, D, and K were obtained from previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and MR studies. Five different sepsis severity levels were included in the analysis. The genetic instrumental variables were screened for potential confounders using PhenoScanner V2. MR analysis was performed using MR-egger, inverse-variance weighted multiplicative random effects (IVW-RE), inverse-variance weighted multiplicative fixed-effects (IVW-FE), and wald ratio methods to assess the relationship between vitamins and sepsis. Sensitivity analysis was performed using the MR-egger_intercept method, and the MR-PRESSO package and Cochran's Q test were used to evaluate the heterogeneity of the instrumental variables.
RESULTS
Our MR study found no statistically significant association between vitamins and sepsis risk, regardless of the type of vitamin (P-value > 0.05). The odds ratios (ORs) for folate, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin K, and vitamin C were 1.164 (95% CI: 0.895-1.514), 0.987 (95% CI: 0.969-1.005), 0.975 (95% CI: 0.914-1.041), 0.993 (95% CI: 0.797-1.238), 0.861 (95% CI: 0.522-1.42), 0.955 (95% CI: 0.86-1.059), and 1.049 (95% CI: 0.911-1.208), respectively. Similar results were observed in subgroups of different sepsis severity levels.
CONCLUSIONS
Our MR study found no evidence of a causal association between vitamins and sepsis risk from a genetic perspective. Further randomized controlled trials are necessary to confirm these results.
Topics: Humans; Vitamins; Vitamin A; Genome-Wide Association Study; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Vitamin K; Vitamin B 12; Folic Acid; Sepsis
PubMed: 37936083
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08778-9 -
Critical Reviews in Oncology/hematology Aug 2023Folate metabolism is a target for various chemotherapeutic drugs. Folate and its synthetic variant folic acid are B-vitamins. To what extent these vitamins impact... (Review)
Review
Folate metabolism is a target for various chemotherapeutic drugs. Folate and its synthetic variant folic acid are B-vitamins. To what extent these vitamins impact treatment tolerance in patients with cancer remains unclear. A systematic literature review was conducted on intake and status of folate and folic acid in relation to chemotherapy-induced toxicities in children and adults with cancer. A total of 6231 publications were identified, of which 40 publications met the inclusion criteria. In 12 out of 22 studies focusing on antifolates, a deficient folate status and lower folate and folic acid intake were associated with a higher risk of toxicities. In 8 out of 14 studies focusing on fluoropyrimidine treatments, a higher folate status and intake were associated with a higher risk of toxicities. These findings might explain interindividual differences in treatment tolerance and highlight the importance of evaluating nutritional status in oncology care.
Topics: Adult; Child; Humans; Folic Acid; Vitamin B Complex; Nutritional Status; Neoplasms; Antineoplastic Agents; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 37353179
DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104061 -
Obesity Surgery Oct 2023Micronutrient deficiencies are common after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). This study explores whether vitamin and mineral deficiency was associated with adherence to...
PURPOSE
Micronutrient deficiencies are common after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). This study explores whether vitamin and mineral deficiency was associated with adherence to recommended supplementation 12 years after RYGB.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The cross-sectional Bariatric Surgery Observation Study (BAROBS) was conducted in 2018-2020 at three hospitals in Central Norway. We report data on 490 patients' self-reported adherence to recommended supplements and vitamin and mineral levels in the blood. The patients, who had RYGB between 2003 and 2009, were recommended an over-the-counter multivitamin-mineral supplement, calcium/vitamin D (1000 mg/20 µg) and vitamin B injections (reimbursed), since bariatric supplements were not available then.
RESULTS
Mean (SD) age was 40.1 ± 9 years at RYGB, and time to follow-up 11.7 ± 1.6 years. Of 490 patients, 393 (80%) were women. Among 361 (74%) patients' adherent to multivitamin-mineral supplements; folate, vitamin B and vitamin B deficiency were present in 39 (11%), 103 (29%), and 63 (17%) patients, respectively. The same deficiencies occurred in 44 (34%), 67 (52%), and 67 (52%) patients' non-adherent to recommendations. Although 466 (95%) patients reported adherence to vitamin B supplements, sub-optimal levels were found in 73 (16%) patients. Though 336 (69%) patients adhered to calcium/vitamin D supplements (1000 mg/20 µg), sub-optimal vitamin D levels (< 75 nmol/l) were found in 174/336 (52%) adherent patients and 120/154 (78%) non-adherent patients.
CONCLUSION
Twelve years after RYGB, adherence to supplements, though in sub-optimal doses of new recommendations, decreases the probability of vitamin and mineral deficiency, especially for thiamine, vitamin B, vitamin B, folate, vitamin B, and vitamin D, but does not eliminate it.
Topics: Humans; Female; Adult; Middle Aged; Male; Vitamins; Gastric Bypass; Calcium; Cross-Sectional Studies; Obesity, Morbid; Malnutrition; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin D; Folic Acid
PubMed: 37635164
DOI: 10.1007/s11695-023-06787-w -
International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2023Thiamine (vitamin B1) is essential for the brain. This is attributed to the coenzyme role of thiamine diphosphate (ThDP) in glucose and energy metabolism. The synthetic... (Review)
Review
Thiamine (vitamin B1) is essential for the brain. This is attributed to the coenzyme role of thiamine diphosphate (ThDP) in glucose and energy metabolism. The synthetic thiamine prodrug, the thioester benfotiamine (BFT), has been extensively studied and has beneficial effects both in rodent models of neurodegeneration and in human clinical studies. BFT has no known adverse effects and improves cognitive outcomes in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease. In cell culture and animal models, BFT has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that seem to be mediated by a mechanism independent of the coenzyme function of ThDP. Recent in vitro studies show that another thiamine thioester, O,S-dibenzoylthiamine (DBT), is even more efficient than BFT, especially with respect to its anti-inflammatory potency, and is effective at lower concentrations. Thiamine thioesters have pleiotropic properties linked to an increase in circulating thiamine concentrations and possibly in hitherto unidentified open thiazole ring derivatives. The identification of the active neuroprotective metabolites and the clarification of their mechanism of action open extremely promising perspectives in the field of neurodegenerative, neurodevelopmental, and psychiatric conditions. The present review aims to summarize existing data on the neuroprotective effects of thiamine thioesters and give a comprehensive account.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Thiamine; Thiamine Pyrophosphate; Coenzymes
PubMed: 37511056
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411296 -
Aging Cell Nov 2023Radiotherapy destroys cancer cells and inevitably harms normal human tissues, causing delayed effects of acute radiation exposure (DEARE) and accelerating the aging...
Radiotherapy destroys cancer cells and inevitably harms normal human tissues, causing delayed effects of acute radiation exposure (DEARE) and accelerating the aging process in most survivors. However, effective methods for preventing premature aging induced by ionizing radiation are lacking. In this study, the premature aging mice of DEARE model was established after 6 Gy total body irradiation (TBI). Then the therapeutic effects and mechanism of nicotinamide riboside on the premature aging mice were evaluated. The results showed that 6 Gy TBI induced premature aging of the hematopoietic system in mice. Nicotinamide riboside treatment reversed aging spleen phenotypes by inhibiting cellular senescence and ameliorated serum metabolism profiles. Further results demonstrated that nicotinamide riboside supplementation alleviated the myeloid bias of hematopoietic stem cells and temporarily restored the regenerative capacity of hematopoietic stem cells probably by mitigating the reactive oxygen species activated GCN2/eIF2α/ATF4 signaling pathway. The results of this study firstly indicate that nicotinamide riboside shows potential as a DEARE therapeutic agent for radiation-exposed populations and patients who received radiotherapy.
Topics: Mice; Humans; Animals; Aging, Premature; Hematopoietic Stem Cells; Niacinamide; Radiation, Ionizing; Whole-Body Irradiation
PubMed: 37650560
DOI: 10.1111/acel.13976 -
Nature Cancer May 2024Metabolic changes contribute to cancer initiation and progression through effects on cancer cells, the tumor microenvironment and whole-body metabolism. Alterations in... (Review)
Review
Metabolic changes contribute to cancer initiation and progression through effects on cancer cells, the tumor microenvironment and whole-body metabolism. Alterations in serine metabolism and the control of one-carbon cycles have emerged as critical for the development of many tumor types. In this Review, we focus on the mitochondrial folate cycle. We discuss recent evidence that, in addition to supporting nucleotide synthesis, mitochondrial folate metabolism also contributes to metastasis through support of antioxidant defense, mitochondrial protein synthesis and the overflow of excess formate. These observations offer potential therapeutic opportunities, including the modulation of formate metabolism through dietary interventions and the use of circulating folate cycle metabolites as biomarkers for cancer detection.
Topics: Humans; Folic Acid; Neoplasms; Mitochondria; Animals; Formates; Tumor Microenvironment; Neoplasm Metastasis
PubMed: 38698089
DOI: 10.1038/s43018-024-00739-8 -
Revista Espanola de Enfermedades... Sep 2023Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are one of the most commonly prescribed drug groups in developed countries. Their approved indications include gastroesophageal reflux...
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are one of the most commonly prescribed drug groups in developed countries. Their approved indications include gastroesophageal reflux disease, peptic ulcer disease, and prophylaxis against NSAID-induced gastroenteropathy in specific scenarios. Since their introduction into clinical practice, their usage has significantly increased, leading to concerns about possible inappropriate prescribing, which can result in a higher risk of side effects and increased economic costs. Consequently, in recent years, literature linking PPIs to various adverse effects has emerged, with some supported by robust evidence, while others are based on lower-quality evidence, requiring cautious interpretation. Among the adverse effects of PPIs, significant ones include an increased risk of fragility fractures, deficiencies in certain micronutrients such as vitamin B12 and magnesium, a higher incidence of enteric infections, especially Clostridioides difficile, complications in cirrhotic patients, and pharmacological interactions with other medications. In clinical practice, it is essential to periodically evaluate the rationale for prescribing these drugs and consider discontinuing them if there is no appropriate indication. Despite PPIs being generally safe medications, it is crucial to be aware of their potential adverse effects and appropriate indications to ensure their proper use.
Topics: Humans; Proton Pump Inhibitors; Peptic Ulcer; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Vitamin B 12
PubMed: 37522310
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2023.9834/2023 -
Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases Sep 2023Imerslund-Gräsbeck syndrome (IGS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by vitamin B12 malabsorption. Most patients present with non-specific symptoms... (Review)
Review
Imerslund-Gräsbeck syndrome (IGS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by vitamin B12 malabsorption. Most patients present with non-specific symptoms attributed to vitamin B12 deficiency, and proteinuria. Patients may if untreated, develop severe neurocognitive manifestations. If recognized and treated with sufficient doses of vitamin B12, patients recover completely. We provide, for the first time, an overview of all previously reported cases of IGS. In addition, we provide a complete review of IGS and describe two new patients.
Topics: Humans; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency; Anemia, Megaloblastic; Proteinuria; Vitamin B 12
PubMed: 37710296
DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-02889-x -
BMJ Open Jan 2024The objective of the current study is to compare the treatment effects of different vitamins on essential hypertension to provide an initial basis for developing... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVES
The objective of the current study is to compare the treatment effects of different vitamins on essential hypertension to provide an initial basis for developing evidence-based practices.
DESIGN
Systematic review and network meta-analysis.
DATA SOURCES
Five electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and ClinicalTrials.gov) were searched from their inception to 25 September 2023.
OUTCOMES
The primary outcomes were the difference between the intervention group and the control group in changes in office systolic blood pressure (SBP) and office diastolic blood pressure (DBP) from baseline. The secondary outcomes were the difference between the intervention group and the control group in changes in 24-hour mean ambulatory systolic blood pressure (24 hours SBP), 24-hour mean ambulatory diastolic blood pressure (24 hours DBP) and heart rate (HR) from baseline.
RESULTS
A total of 23 studies comparing five vitamins (vitamin B, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, folic acid) and involving 2218 participants were included. The included trials were all vitamin versus placebo, so the network was star-shaped. Among the five vitamins, only vitamin E was significantly more effective at reducing SBP (mean difference: -14.14 mm Hg, 95% credible intervals: -27.62 to -0.88) than placebo. In addition, no evidence was found that any of the five vitamins influenced DBP, 24 hours SBP, 24 hours DBP, or HR. The dose of vitamins, geographical region and percentage of males (only SBP) might be sources of heterogeneity. Sensitivity and subgroup analysis revealed that the effect of vitamin intervention on blood pressure varies according to different doses of vitamins.
CONCLUSIONS
According to the results, vitamin E might be an effective measure to reduce SBP, but more research is needed to validate this finding.
PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER
CRD42022352332.
Topics: Adult; Male; Humans; Vitamin D; Ascorbic Acid; Hypertension; Folic Acid; Riboflavin; Vitamin E; Network Meta-Analysis; Vitamins; Essential Hypertension; Blood Pressure; Vitamin A; Vitamin K
PubMed: 38296289
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-074511 -
Cell Reports Dec 2023Vitamin B (B) deficiency causes neurological manifestations resembling multiple sclerosis (MS); however, a molecular explanation for the similarity is unknown. FTY720...
Vitamin B (B) deficiency causes neurological manifestations resembling multiple sclerosis (MS); however, a molecular explanation for the similarity is unknown. FTY720 (fingolimod) is a sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator and sphingosine analog approved for MS therapy that can functionally antagonize S1P. Here, we report that FTY720 suppresses neuroinflammation by functionally and physically regulating the B pathways. Genetic and pharmacological S1P inhibition upregulates a transcobalamin 2 (TCN2)-B receptor, CD320, in immediate-early astrocytes (ieAstrocytes; a c-Fos-activated astrocyte subset that tracks with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis [EAE] severity). CD320 is also reduced in MS plaques. Deficiency of CD320 or dietary B restriction worsens EAE and eliminates FTY720's efficacy while concomitantly downregulating type I interferon signaling. TCN2 functions as a chaperone for FTY720 and sphingosine, whose complex induces astrocytic CD320 internalization, suggesting a delivery mechanism of FTY720/sphingosine via the TCN2-CD320 pathway. Taken together, the B-TCN2-CD320 pathway is essential for the mechanism of action of FTY720.
Topics: Animals; Fingolimod Hydrochloride; Multiple Sclerosis; Astrocytes; Sphingosine; Vitamin B 12; Transcobalamins; Propylene Glycols; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental; Vitamins; Immunosuppressive Agents; Receptors, Lysosphingolipid
PubMed: 38064339
DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113545