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Nutrients Feb 2024Positional vertigo manifests as a spinning sensation triggered by changes in head position relative to gravity. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is an inner... (Review)
Review
Positional vertigo manifests as a spinning sensation triggered by changes in head position relative to gravity. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is an inner ear disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of positional vertigo. The connection between vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency and the onset and recurrence of BPPV is established. This study aims to assess vitamin D as a recurring factor in BPPV and the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in preventing its recurrence. A comprehensive literature review on the relationship between vitamin D and BPPV recurrence was conducted, searching PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and article reference lists for studies published from 2020 to 2023. A total of 79 articles were initially identified through the search, with 12 of them being utilized in the study. Recurrence rates for BPPV varied from 13.7% to 23% for studies with follow-up less than 1 year and 13.3% to 65% for studies with follow-up equal to or exceeding 2 years. Risk factors for BPPV recurrence include advanced age, female sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, osteoporosis, and vitamin D deficiency. While earlier studies did not establish a link between low vitamin D levels and initial BPPV occurrence, they did associate recurrent episodes with low vitamin D levels. Recent research indicates that vitamin D supplementation in BPPV patients with deficiency or insufficiency decreases both the numbers of relapsing patients and relapses per patient. To validate these findings across diverse populations, further randomized controlled studies with larger cohorts and extended follow-up durations are essential.
Topics: Humans; Female; Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamins; Recurrence; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 38474817
DOI: 10.3390/nu16050689 -
International Journal of Environmental... Nov 2023Vitamin D deficiency has been studied in the context of acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), revealing associations with increased severity and mortality. Yet, the...
Vitamin D deficiency has been studied in the context of acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), revealing associations with increased severity and mortality. Yet, the influence of vitamin D on long COVID symptoms remains unknown. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of vitamin D on long COVID symptoms. Over the study period, 50,432 individuals within the catchment area of the outpatient COVID-19 clinic tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 via PCR, with 547 patients subsequently referred to a specialized Post-COVID Clinic, and 447 of them enrolled in the study. Patient-reported symptoms and paraclinical measures including vitamin D were evaluated in 442 patients. The majority of participants were female (72%, = 320/442). The consumption of alcohol and number of current smokers were low. Low vitamin D was observed in 26% ( = 115/442) of the patients, most commonly in male participants (odds ratio (OR) = 1.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.12, 2.79), = 0.014). Additionally, low vitamin D was correlated with a younger mean age of 41 years (standard deviation (SD) = 12) as opposed to 48 years (SD = 13) in patients with normal vitamin D levels (OR = 0.96, 95% CI (0.94, 0.97), < 0.001). While our study population indicated a potentially higher prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in this population compared to the general population, no significant differences in prevalence of symptom or symptom severity scores were observed between the low and normal vitamin D groups. In patients in a Post-COVID Clinic, we found no association between vitamin D levels and long COVID symptoms.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Adult; Vitamin D; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Vitamins; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 37998290
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20227058 -
European Journal of Epidemiology Sep 2023It is unknown whether the well-known association between vitamin D deficiency and mortality could be explained by the immune system modulating effects of vitamin D,...
About the associations of vitamin D deficiency and biomarkers of systemic inflammatory response with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a general population sample of almost 400,000 UK Biobank participants.
It is unknown whether the well-known association between vitamin D deficiency and mortality could be explained by the immune system modulating effects of vitamin D, which may protect from a systemic inflammatory response (SIR) to adverse health conditions. This study aims to investigate the interrelationships of vitamin D deficiency, biomarkers of SIR, and mortality. We used multivariate logistic regression with adjustment for 51 covariates to assess the associations of vitamin D deficiency with disadvantageous levels of nine biomarkers of SIR in the UK Biobank cohort. Furthermore, we tested with Cox regression and mediation analysis whether biomarkers of SIR and vitamin D deficiency were independently associated with mortality. We included 397,737 participants aged 37-73 years. Vitamin D deficiency was associated with disadvantageous levels of all blood cell count-based biomarkers, but not with C-reactive protein (CRP)-based biomarkers after adjustment for body weight. Vitamin D deficiency and all biomarkers of SIR were significantly associated with all-cause mortality and mortality from cancer, cardiovascular and respiratory disease. The strength of these associations was unaltered if vitamin D deficiency and biomarkers of SIR were put in the same model. This finding was further supported by the mediation analyses. This study showed that vitamin D deficiency is associated with disadvantageous levels of blood cell count-based but not CRP-based biomarkers of SIR. Vitamin D deficiency and systemic inflammation were independently and strongly associated with mortality. The potential of clinical interventions against both vitamin D deficiency and underlying causes of systemic inflammation should be explored.
Topics: Humans; Cause of Death; Biological Specimen Banks; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamin D; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Inflammation; United Kingdom; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
PubMed: 37340242
DOI: 10.1007/s10654-023-01023-2 -
Reproductive Health May 2024Vitamin D is a fat-soluble steroid hormone that was initially known only for regulating calcium and phosphorus levels and maintaining bone health. However, it was later... (Review)
Review
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble steroid hormone that was initially known only for regulating calcium and phosphorus levels and maintaining bone health. However, it was later discovered that many organs express vitamin D metabolizing enzymes and have a ligand for vitamin D, which regulates the expression of an extensive assortment of genes. As a result, vitamin D is indispensable for the proper function of organs, and its deficiency is believed to be a critical factor in symptoms and disorders such as cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases, and cancers. The significance of vitamin D in reproductive tissues was recognized later, and studies have revealed its crucial role in male and female fertility, as well as proper reproductive function during pregnancy. Vitamin D deficiency has been identified as a risk factor for infertility, gonadal cancers, pregnancy complications, polycystic ovary syndrome, and endometriosis. However, data investigating the association between vitamin D levels and reproductive disorders, including endometriosis, have encountered inconsistencies. Therefore, the present study aims to review existing research on the effect of vitamin D on proper reproductive function, and the role of deficiency in reproductive diseases and specifically focuses on endometriosis.
Topics: Humans; Endometriosis; Female; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Pregnancy; Reproduction; Infertility, Female
PubMed: 38698459
DOI: 10.1186/s12978-024-01797-y -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Nov 2023In the last few years, vitamin D functions have been studied progressively, and along with their main role in regulating calcium homeostasis, the potential function in... (Review)
Review
In the last few years, vitamin D functions have been studied progressively, and along with their main role in regulating calcium homeostasis, the potential function in the nervous system and the link between different psychiatric disorders and vitamin D deficiency have been revealed. The discovery of vitamin D receptors in multiple brain structures, like the hippocampus, led to the hypothesis that vitamin D deficiency could be responsible for treatment resistance in psychiatric diseases. The aim of this study was to analyze the current knowledge in the literature regarding vitamin D deficiency among individuals afflicted with psychiatric disorders and assess the potential therapeutic benefits of vitamin D supplementation. A systematic search was conducted on the PubMed database for articles published in the last five years (2016-2022) in English, focusing on human subjects. Results show that vitamin D deficiency has implications for numerous psychiatric disorders, affecting mood and behavior through its influence on neurotransmitter release, neurotrophic factors, and neuroprotection. It also plays a role in modulating inflammation, which is often elevated in psychiatric disorders. In conclusion, vitamin D deficiency is prevalent and has far-reaching implications for mental health. This review underscores the importance of exploring the therapeutic potential of vitamin D supplementation in individuals with psychiatric disorders and highlights the need for further research in this complex field.
Topics: Humans; Affect; Brain; Mental Disorders; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 38138159
DOI: 10.3390/medicina59122056 -
Nutrients Oct 2023Vitamin D deficiency, prevalent worldwide, is linked to muscle weakness, sarcopenia, and falls. Muscle regeneration is a vital process that allows for skeletal muscle... (Review)
Review
Vitamin D deficiency, prevalent worldwide, is linked to muscle weakness, sarcopenia, and falls. Muscle regeneration is a vital process that allows for skeletal muscle tissue maintenance and repair after injury. PubMed and Web of Science were used to search for studies published prior to May 2023. We assessed eligible studies that discussed the relationship between vitamin D, muscle regeneration in this review. Overall, the literature reports strong associations between vitamin D and skeletal myocyte size, and muscle regeneration. In vitro studies in skeletal muscle cells derived from mice and humans showed vitamin D played a role in regulating myoblast growth, size, and gene expression. Animal studies, primarily in mice, demonstrate vitamin D's positive effects on skeletal muscle function, such as improved grip strength and endurance. These studies encompass vitamin D diet research, genetically modified models, and disease-related mouse models. Relatively few studies looked at muscle function after injury, but these also support a role for vitamin D in muscle recovery. The human studies have also reported that vitamin D deficiency decreases muscle grip strength and gait speed, especially in the elderly population. Finally, human studies reported the benefits of vitamin D supplementation and achieving optimal serum vitamin D levels in muscle recovery after eccentric exercise and surgery. However, there were no benefits in rotator cuff injury studies, suggesting that repair mechanisms for muscle/ligament tears may be less reliant on vitamin D. In summary, vitamin D plays a crucial role in skeletal muscle function, structural integrity, and regeneration, potentially offering therapeutic benefits to patients with musculoskeletal diseases and in post-operative recovery.
Topics: Aged; Humans; Animals; Mice; Vitamin D; Muscle, Skeletal; Vitamins; Vitamin D Deficiency; Muscular Diseases; Models, Animal; Regeneration
PubMed: 37892452
DOI: 10.3390/nu15204377 -
Hormones (Athens, Greece) Sep 2023Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) frequently coexist. Low serum vitamin D has been positively associated with OSA presence and severity;...
PURPOSE
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) frequently coexist. Low serum vitamin D has been positively associated with OSA presence and severity; however, data on its link to cardiometabolic features in patients with OSA remain scarce. We aimed to assess serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and explore its association with cardiometabolic parameters in OSA.
METHODS
This was a cross-sectional study among 262 patients (49 ± 9 years old, 73% men) with polysomnography-diagnosed OSA. Participants were evaluated in terms of anthropometric indices, lifestyle habits, blood pressure, biochemical, plasma inflammatory and urinary oxidative stress markers, and the presence of MetS. Serum 25(OH)D was assessed by chemiluminescence, and vitamin D deficiency (VDD) was defined as 25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL.
RESULTS
Median (1, 3 quartile) serum 25(OH)D levels were 17.7 (13.4, 22.9) ng/mL and 63% of participants had VDD. Serum 25(OH)D correlated negatively with body mass index (BMI), homeostasis model of assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and urinary oxidized guanine species (oxG), and positively with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (all P < 0.050). In logistic regression analysis, serum 25(OH)D was associated with lower odds of MetS [odds ratio (95% confidence interval): 0.94 (0.90-0.98)], after adjustment for age, sex, season of blood sampling, Mediterranean diet score, physical activity, smoking, apnea-hypopnea index, HOMA-IR, hsCRP, and oxG. In the same multivariate model, VDD was associated with ~ twofold greater odds of MetS [2.39 (1.15, 4.97)].
CONCLUSION
VDD is highly prevalent and is associated with a detrimental cardiometabolic profile among patients with OSA.
Topics: Male; Humans; Adult; Middle Aged; Female; C-Reactive Protein; Cross-Sectional Studies; Vitamin D; Metabolic Syndrome; Insulin Resistance; Vitamin D Deficiency; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive; Vitamins; Body Mass Index; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol
PubMed: 37322405
DOI: 10.1007/s42000-023-00456-4 -
Nutrients Nov 2023The second Special Issue of Nutrients dedicated to "Vitamin D, Immune Response, and Autoimmune Diseases" will include original data and recent achievements from authors...
The second Special Issue of Nutrients dedicated to "Vitamin D, Immune Response, and Autoimmune Diseases" will include original data and recent achievements from authors who would like to participate in this research topic [...].
Topics: Humans; Vitamin D; Autoimmune Diseases; Vitamins; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 38004154
DOI: 10.3390/nu15224760 -
Nutrients Dec 2023Vitamin D deficiency is a highly prevalent obstetrical concern associated with an increased risk of complications like pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, and growth...
Vitamin D deficiency is a highly prevalent obstetrical concern associated with an increased risk of complications like pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, and growth retardation. Vitamin D status in pregnancy is also linked to long-term offspring health, e.g., the risk of obesity, metabolic disease, and neurodevelopmental problems. Despite the suspected role of vitamin D in placental diseases and fetal development, there is limited knowledge on the effect of vitamin D on placental function. Thus, we performed next-generation RNA sequencing, comparing the placental transcriptome from uncomplicated term pregnancies receiving the often-recommended dose of 10 µg vitamin D/day ( = 36) with pregnancies receiving 90 µg/day ( = 34) from late first trimester to delivery. Maternal vitamin D status in the first trimester was also considered. We found that signaling pathways related to cell adhesion, immune function, and neurodevelopment were affected, supporting that increased vitamin D supplementation benefits placental function in established pregnancies without severe vitamin D deficiency, also underlining the importance of vitamin D in brain development. Specific effects of the first trimester vitamin D status and offspring sex were also identified. Further studies are warranted, addressing the optimal vitamin status during pregnancy with a focus on organ-specific vitamin D needs in individual pregnancies.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Placenta; Vitamin D; Transcriptome; Vitamins; Pre-Eclampsia; Vitamin D Deficiency; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 38140291
DOI: 10.3390/nu15245032 -
American Journal of Physiology. Lung... Aug 2023The development of chronic lung disease in the neonate, also known as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), is the most common long-term complication in prematurely born...
The development of chronic lung disease in the neonate, also known as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), is the most common long-term complication in prematurely born infants. In BPD, the disease-characteristic inflammatory response culminates in nonreversible remodeling of the developing gas exchange area, provoked by the impact of postnatal treatments such as mechanical ventilation (MV) and oxygen treatment. To evaluate the potential of prenatal treatment regimens to modulate this inflammatory response and thereby impact the vulnerability of the lung toward postnatal injury, we designed a multilayered preclinical mouse model. After administration of either prenatal vitamin D-enriched (VitD+; 1,500 IU/g food) or -deprived (VitD-; <10 IU/kg) food during gestation in C57B6 mice (the onset of mating until birth), neonatal mice were exposed to hyperoxia (Fi = 0.4) with or without MV for 8 h at of life, whereas controls spontaneously breathed room air. Prenatal vitamin D supplementation resulted in a decreased number of monocytes/macrophages in the neonatal lung undergoing postnatal injury together with reduced TGF-β pathway activation. In consequence, neonatal mice that received a VitD+ diet during gestation demonstrated less extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling upon lung injury, reflected by the reduction of pulmonary α-smooth muscle actin-positive fibroblasts, decreased collagen and elastin deposition, and lower amounts of interstitial tissue in the lung periphery. In conclusion, our findings support strategies that attempt to prevent vitamin D insufficiency during pregnancy as they could impact lung health in the offspring by mitigating inflammatory changes in neonatal lung injury and ameliorating subsequent remodeling of the developing gas exchange area. Vitamin D-enriched diet during gestation resulted in reduced lung inflammation and matrix remodeling in neonatal mice exposed to clinically relevant, postnatal injury. The results underscore the need to monitor the subclinical effects of vitamin D insufficiency that impact health in the offspring when other risk factors come into play.
Topics: Humans; Pregnancy; Female; Infant, Newborn; Animals; Mice; Animals, Newborn; Lung Injury; Vitamin D; Lung; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Pneumonia; Inflammation; Hyperoxia; Vitamin D Deficiency; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 37256661
DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00367.2022