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Endocrinology and Metabolism (Seoul,... Jun 2024
Topics: Humans; Vitamin D; Dietary Supplements; Calcium; Vitamin D Deficiency; Calcium, Dietary
PubMed: 38778478
DOI: 10.3803/EnM.2024.2016 -
BMC Pediatrics Mar 2024The relationship between Vitamin D levels and pediatric celiac disease (CD) remains controversial. In this study, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The relationship between Vitamin D levels and pediatric celiac disease (CD) remains controversial. In this study, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the relationship between Vitamin D and pediatric CD.
METHODS
We screened relevant studies from PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science published in English from January 1, 2000, to August 1, 2023. The included studies were assessed according to the STROBE checklist. Heterogeneity was quantified by Cochran's Q test and the I statistic. Publication bias was estimated by Begg's test and Egger's test. Meta-regression was used to detect potential sources of heterogeneity.
RESULTS
A total of 26 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Nineteen articles compared 25(OH)D3 levels between CD patients and control groups, average 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D or calcidiol], and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)D or calcitriol] levels, as the main forms of Vitamin D, there was a significant difference in CD patients and healthy controls (weighted mean difference (WMD) = - 5.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) = [- 10.86, - 0.69] nmol/L). Meanwhile, eleven articles reported the numbers of patients and controls with Vitamin D deficiency, there was a significant difference in the incidence of 25(OH)D deficiency between CD patients and healthy controls (odds ratio 2.20, 95% CI= [1.19, 4.08]). Nine articles reported changes in 25(OH)D levels before and after administering a GFD in patients with CD, the result of this study revealed the increase of 25(OH)D levels in CD patients after a gluten-free diet (GFD) (WMD = - 6.74, 95% CI = [- 9.78, - 3.70] nmol/L).
CONCLUSIONS
Vitamin D levels in pediatric CD patients were lower than in healthy controls, and 25(OH)D deficiency was more prevalent in CD patients. We found that 25(OH)D levels were elevated in CD patients after GFD, which is consistent with previous research. Further well-designed, longitudinal, prospective cohort studies focusing on the role of Vitamin D in the pathogenesis of CD are therefore needed.
Topics: Humans; Child; Prospective Studies; Celiac Disease; Vitamin D; Vitamins; Calcitriol; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 38491474
DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04688-0 -
Journal of Innate Immunity 2024The role of vitamin in COVID-19 remains controversial. We investigated the association between endogenous vitamin D and the severity of COVID-19 as well as the...
INTRODUCTION
The role of vitamin in COVID-19 remains controversial. We investigated the association between endogenous vitamin D and the severity of COVID-19 as well as the mechanisms of action of vitamin D supplementation.
METHODS
25(OH)D3 in serum was associated with disease severity and outcome in 190 COVID-19 patients. In a COVID-19 animal model using intravenous injection of plasma from patients with COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome into C57/BL6 mice, mice were treated with 0.25 μg human 1,25(OH)D3 or vehicle. Mice were sacrificed on day 4. Cytokines and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in tissues were measured. Changes in gene expression after vitamin D supplementation were measured.
RESULTS
Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were associated with increased severity and unfavorable outcome after 28 days. Vitamin D levels were negatively associated with biomarkers of COVID-19 severity. Vitamin D supplementation after challenge of mice with COVID-19 plasma led to reduced levels of TNFα, IL-6, IFNγ, and MPO in the lung, as well as down-regulation of pro-inflammatory pathways.
CONCLUSION
Normal levels of endogenous vitamin D are associated with reduced severity and risk of unfavorable outcome in COVID-19, possibly through attenuation of tissue-specific hyperinflammation.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Mice; Vitamin D; COVID-19; Vitamins; Vitamin D Deficiency; Biomarkers
PubMed: 38008066
DOI: 10.1159/000535302 -
Clinical and Experimental Dental... Aug 2023This study aims to evaluate the effect of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) on orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), retention, and relapse and to assess the effect of systemic...
OBJECTIVES
This study aims to evaluate the effect of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) on orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), retention, and relapse and to assess the effect of systemic administration of vitamin D (VD) in a rat model.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 32 male Wistar rats were divided into two groups, a control group of 11 rats and an experimental group of 21 rats with VDD, after enhancement using a custom diet. Of the VDD group, 11 rats were supplemented with systemic vitamin D3 and categorized as vitamin (VD supplement [VDS]) groups. The VDS group received 40,000 IU/kg via intramuscular injection on Days 1 and 15 of the orthodontic treatment period. A modified orthodontic appliance was fitted to apply 0.5 N of force to move the maxillary right first molars mesially for 14 days, followed by retention and relapse periods for 7 days. Space created during OTM was measured and reassessed after the retention and relapse periods. The relapse ratio was estimated, and histomorphometric analysis was performed to assess the number of osteoblasts, osteoclast bone cells, and bone area.
RESULTS
A significant increase in the relapse ratio and a reduction in osteoblast cells and bone area were observed in the VDD group. By contrast, the amount of tooth movement was significantly higher together with osteoblast cells and bone marrow in VDS with a significant reduction in relapse ratio.
CONCLUSION
VDD was associated with a significant reduction in osteoblast cell count and total bone area in addition to a significant increase in relapse ratio. Routine screening of VD may be beneficial before commencing orthodontic treatment.
Topics: Rats; Male; Animals; Rats, Wistar; Osteoclasts; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamin D; Recurrence
PubMed: 37448180
DOI: 10.1002/cre2.765 -
Nutrients Apr 2024Nowadays, the interest in the extraskeletal effects of vitamin D is growing. In the literature, its several possible actions have been confirmed. Vitamin D seems to have... (Review)
Review
Nowadays, the interest in the extraskeletal effects of vitamin D is growing. In the literature, its several possible actions have been confirmed. Vitamin D seems to have a regulatory role in many different fields-inflammation, immunity, and the endocrine system-and many studies would demonstrate a possible correlation between vitamin D and cardiovascular disease. In this paper, we deepened the relationship between vitamin D and dyslipidemia by reviewing the available literature. The results are not entirely clear-cut: on the one hand, numerous observational studies suggest a link between higher serum vitamin D levels and a beneficial lipid profile, while on the other hand, interventional studies do not demonstrate a significant effect. Understanding the possible relationship between vitamin D and dyslipidemia may represent a turning point: another link between vitamin D and the cardiovascular system.
Topics: Humans; Dyslipidemias; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Cardiovascular Diseases; Lipids
PubMed: 38674837
DOI: 10.3390/nu16081144 -
Nutrients Jan 2024Vitamin D has historically been associated with bone metabolism. However, over the years, a growing body of evidence has emerged indicating its involvement in various... (Review)
Review
Vitamin D has historically been associated with bone metabolism. However, over the years, a growing body of evidence has emerged indicating its involvement in various physiological processes that may influence the onset of numerous pathologies (cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, rheumatological diseases, fertility, cancer, diabetes, or a condition of fatigue). This narrative review investigates the current knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying fatigue and the ways in which vitamin D is implicated in these processes. Scientific studies in the databases of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were reviewed with a focus on factors that play a role in the genesis of fatigue, where the influence of vitamin D has been clearly demonstrated. The pathogenic factors of fatigue influenced by vitamin D are related to biochemical factors connected to oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines. A role in the control of the neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin has also been demonstrated: an imbalance in the relationship between these two neurotransmitters is linked to the genesis of fatigue. Furthermore, vitamin D is implicated in the control of voltage-gated calcium and chloride channels. Although it has been demonstrated that hypovitaminosis D is associated with numerous pathological conditions, current data on the outcomes of correcting hypovitaminosis D are conflicting. This suggests that, despite the significant involvement of vitamin D in regulating mechanisms governing fatigue, other factors could also play a role.
Topics: Humans; Vitamin D; Vitamins; Vitamin D Deficiency; Fatigue; Neurotransmitter Agents
PubMed: 38257114
DOI: 10.3390/nu16020221 -
PloS One 2023Deficiency of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) can trigger inflammation, mitochondrial malfunctioning, and apoptosis through the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian...
BACKGROUND
Deficiency of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) can trigger inflammation, mitochondrial malfunctioning, and apoptosis through the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, producing poor quality oocytes, leading to infertility. Normal vitamin D (VD) levels promote SIRT1 activity required for optimal fertility, and low levels of either may result in fertility problems owing to cell-membrane de-stabilization, increased autophagy, DNA damage leading to increased reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial dysfunction. Therefore, in this study, we want to estimate the levels of VD, SIRT1 and antioxidants (MnSOD; manganese superoxide dismutase, GR; glutathione reductase, visfatin) and oxidants (adrenaline & cortisol) in individuals living with infertility and explore the association of VD with SIRT1 expression (levels), antioxidants, and oxidants contributing to infertility in women. The significance of this study is that it highlights the importance of maintaining optimal levels of VD for reproductive health in females.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study included 342 (135 infertile and 207 fertile) female subjects. Serum levels of MnSOD, SIRT1, visfatin, GR, VD, adrenaline, and cortisol were analyzed by ELISA and were compared in fertile and infertile samples using the Mann Whitney U test.
RESULTS
There were significantly high levels of VD, SIRT1, GR, MnSOD and visfatin in fertile female participants. However, mean adrenaline and cortisol levels were higher in infertile samples with a significant negative correlation with VD. A significant negative correlation of VD with MnSOD, SIRT1, visfatin and GR was observed (p <0.01). In VD subset groups, MnSOD levels were significantly high in VD sufficient groups however, adrenaline and cortisol levels were significantly high in groups suffering from VD deficiency.
CONCLUSIONS
Deficiency of VD is associated with a decrease in SIRT1 and other antioxidants, which may deter natural reproductive functions leading to infertility. Further studies are required to determine the cause-effect relationship of VD deficiency on conception and interpretation of the involved mechanism.
Topics: Humans; Female; Vitamin D; Antioxidants; Sirtuin 1; Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase; Hydrocortisone; Cross-Sectional Studies; Vitamins; Infertility, Female; Vitamin D Deficiency; Oxidants
PubMed: 37428803
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287727 -
Clinical Nutrition ESPEN Oct 2023Vitamin D deficiency is a condition with different causes. It is associated with numerous comorbidities such as autoimmune diseases, bone diseases, cancer,...
BACKGROUND & AIMS
Vitamin D deficiency is a condition with different causes. It is associated with numerous comorbidities such as autoimmune diseases, bone diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, psychiatric diseases, and respiratory infections like COVID-19. Due to its high prevalence all over the world, it is a major task for health care systems worldwide. Through a combination of low sunlight exposure, insufficient nutrition, and age-related changes in skin, liver, and kidney function, especially seniors and nursing home residents, in particular, have a significantly increased risk of developing a vitamin D deficiency.
METHODS
This retrospective study analyzed the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] < 12 ng/ml) amongst selected Austrian nursing home seniors. It also examined whether demographic data and other laboratory values like calcium correlate with vitamin D levels by using the Pearson correlation coefficient. This correlation was graphically illustrated with a scatter plot and regression line. A total of 478 patients admitted to a nursing home in Vienna between January 3, 2017, and August 31, 2020, were included.
RESULTS
A total of 106 seniors (22,2%) suffered from a manifest vitamin D deficiency. The vitamin D level of the men was significantly lower than the level of the women (22.9 ± 12.6 ng/ml vs. 26.2 ± 14.8 ng/ml, p = 0.027). The vitamin D serum levels significantly correlated with the serum calcium levels of the participants (r = 0.19, p < 0.001). 39.5% (189 out of 478) of the nursing home residents had inadequate serum vitamin D levels.
CONCLUSIONS
In summary, it can be said that the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among nursing home residents is considerably high. Inadequate vitamin D levels were often associated with reduced calcium levels. Given the high prevalence, the numerous negative health consequences of inadequate levels, and the large therapeutic index, this risk group should get a general supplementation with a dose of 25 μg (1000 IU) vitamin D3 per day. In addition, a blood examination should be performed as early as three months after the start of the supplementation therapy. If some residents do not achieve an adequate vitamin D concentration, the substitution has to be adapted to the individual needs to treat them as precisely as possible.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Retrospective Studies; Prevalence; Calcium; COVID-19; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamin D; Vitamins
PubMed: 37739724
DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.07.005 -
Nutrients Aug 2023The role of vitamin D (25(OH)D) in the pathogenesis and outcome of several conditions, including autoimmune diseases, diabetes and cancers is largely described in the...
The role of vitamin D (25(OH)D) in the pathogenesis and outcome of several conditions, including autoimmune diseases, diabetes and cancers is largely described in the literature. The aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of 25(OH)D deficit in a cohort of patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) in comparison to a matched healthy control group and to analyze the possible role of 25(OH)D as a prognostic factor for NENs in terms of biological aggressiveness, tumor progression and survival. From 2009 to 2023, 172 patients with NENs (99 females; median age, 63 years) were included in the study. Serum 25(OH)D levels were defined as deficient if ≤20 ng/mL. The possible associations between 25(OH)D levels and disease grading, staging, ki67%, overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS) were considered. NEN patients had significantly lower 25(OH)D levels compared to controls ( < 0.001) regardless of the primary origin. Patients with 25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL had a significantly higher ki67 index ( = 0.02) compared to the ones with 25(OH)D levels above 20 ng/mL. Patients with disease progression were found to have a significantly lower 25(OH)D at baseline ( = 0.02), whereas PFS and OS were not significantly influenced by 25(OH)D. Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent among NENs and is associated with higher ki67 and disease progression. Our study highlights the importance of monitoring 25(OH)D levels in patients with NENs, as its deficiency appeared to be linked to the worst biological tumor aggressiveness.
Topics: Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Ki-67 Antigen; Neuroendocrine Tumors; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamin D; Disease Progression
PubMed: 37686803
DOI: 10.3390/nu15173771 -
Journal of Ovarian Research May 2024Recent studies have revealed the correlation between serum vitamin D (VD) level and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but the causality and specific mechanisms remain...
BACKGROUND
Recent studies have revealed the correlation between serum vitamin D (VD) level and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but the causality and specific mechanisms remain uncertain.
OBJECTIVE
We aimed to investigate the cause-effect relationship between serum VD and PCOS, and the role of testosterone in the related pathological mechanisms.
METHODS
We assessed the causality between serum VD and PCOS by using genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data in a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (TS-MR) analysis. Subsequently, a MR mediation analysis was conducted to examine the mediating action of testosterone in the causality between serum VD and PCOS. Ultimately, we integrated GWAS data with cis-expression quantitative loci (cis-eQTLs) data for gene annotation, and used the potentially related genes for functional enrichment analysis to assess the involvement of testosterone and the potential mechanisms.
RESULTS
TS-MR analysis showed that individuals with lower level of serum VD were more likely to develop PCOS (OR = 0.750, 95% CI: 0.587-0.959, P = 0.022). MR mediation analysis uncovered indirect causal effect of serum VD level on the risk of PCOS via testosterone (OR = 0.983, 95% CI: 0.968-0.998, P = 0.025). Functional enrichment analysis showed that several pathways may be involved in the VD-testosterone-PCOS axis, such as steroid hormone biosynthesis and autophagy process.
CONCLUSION
Our findings suggest that genetically predicted lower serum VD level may cause a higher risk of developing PCOS, which may be mediated by increased testosterone production.
Topics: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Humans; Female; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Vitamin D; Genome-Wide Association Study; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Testosterone; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 38715063
DOI: 10.1186/s13048-024-01420-5