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International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2023Exclusive breastfeeding is considered the ideal food in the first six months of life; however, paradoxically, vitamin D content in human breast milk is clearly low and... (Review)
Review
Exclusive breastfeeding is considered the ideal food in the first six months of life; however, paradoxically, vitamin D content in human breast milk is clearly low and insufficient to obtain the recommended intake of 400 IU daily. This article summarizes the extraordinary metabolism of vitamin D during pregnancy and its content in human breast milk. The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in pregnant women and/or nursing mothers and its potential maternal-fetal consequences are analyzed. The current guidelines for vitamin D supplementation in pregnant women, nursing mothers, and infants to prevent hypovitaminosis D in breastfed infants are detailed. Low vitamin D content in human breast milk is probably related to active changes in human lifestyle habits (reduced sunlight exposure).
Topics: Infant; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Vitamin D; Breast Feeding; Dietary Supplements; Vitamins; Vitamin D Deficiency; Rickets; Milk, Human
PubMed: 37569256
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511881 -
La Tunisie Medicale Dec 2023Vitamin D plays a role in regulating the immune response through an immunomodulatory effect, and is probably involved in the pathophysiology of Crohn's disease (CD).
INTRODUCTION
Vitamin D plays a role in regulating the immune response through an immunomodulatory effect, and is probably involved in the pathophysiology of Crohn's disease (CD).
AIM
to assess vitamin D status in patients with CD as well as in healthy controls and to determine associated factors of vitamin D deficiency in patients with CD.
METHODS
We conducted a prospective study over 18 months, including CD patients with age and sex matched with healthy controls. Suboptimal vitamin D status was defined by vitamin D serum level < 30 ng/ml, vitamin insufficiency by vitamin D serum level between 10 and 30 ng/ml and vitamin deficiency serum level < 10 ng/ml.
RESULTS
We included 77 subjects (52 patients with CD and 25 controls) with mean age of 38 years± 11. Most patients and controls had suboptimal levels of vitamin D (98% and 96% respectively) including vitamin D deficiency in 75% and 67%, respectively and vitamin D insufficiency in 25% and 33%, respectively. In univariate analysis, vitamin D deficiency was associated with disease flare-up (p=0.001), anemia (p=0.002), hypo-albuminemia (p=0.002), elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) (p=0.003), Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI) (p<0.001), ileal location (p=0.04) and immunosuppressive therapy (p=0.01). In multivariate analysis, only CDAI was significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency (p=0.003, OR=9.33).
CONCLUSION
Vitamin D deficiency is common in Tunisian CD patients as well as in controls and is associated with disease activity.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Crohn Disease; Prevalence; Prospective Studies; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamin D; Risk Factors
PubMed: 38477199
DOI: No ID Found -
JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan... Apr 2024Menopause is the transition period in female life cycle. Resultant hormonal changes lead to adverse health effects. Women may seek treatment due to significant... (Review)
Review
Menopause is the transition period in female life cycle. Resultant hormonal changes lead to adverse health effects. Women may seek treatment due to significant impairment in quality of life. Vitamin D deficiency is a globally prevalent problem. Vitamin D deficiency in menopausal women may aggravate the adverse health risks associated with menopause. In this article, the authors discuss endocrinology and clinical features of menopause, Vitamin D and its links with menopause, and the potential role of Vitamin D supplementation to combat detrimental multi-organ system effects of menopause.
Topics: Female; Humans; Dietary Supplements; Menopause; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamins
PubMed: 38751288
DOI: 10.47391/JPMA.24-27 -
Nutrients Jan 2024Vitamin D deficiency is considered a public health problem due to its worldwide high prevalence and adverse clinical consequences regarding musculoskeletal health. In... (Review)
Review
Vitamin D deficiency is considered a public health problem due to its worldwide high prevalence and adverse clinical consequences regarding musculoskeletal health. In addition, vitamin D may also be crucial for the prevention of certain extraskeletal diseases. Despite decades of intensive scientific research, several knowledge gaps remain regarding the precise definition of vitamin D deficiency and sufficiency, the health benefits of improving vitamin D status, and the required vitamin D intakes. Consequently, various societies and expert groups have released heterogeneous recommendations on the dosages for vitamin D supplementation. In this brief narrative review, we outline and discuss recent advances regarding the scientific evidence arguing for a daily vitamin D supplementation with 2000 international units (IU) (50 µg) of vitamin D3 to prevent and treat vitamin D deficiency. According to data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs), such a dose may improve some health outcomes and is sufficient to raise and maintain serum 25(OH)D concentrations above 50 nmol/L (20 ng/mL) and above 75 nmol/L (30 ng/mL) in >99% and >90% of the general adult population, respectively. According to large vitamin D RCTs, there are no significant safety concerns in supplementing such a dose for several years, even in individuals with an already sufficient vitamin D status at baseline. A daily vitamin D supplementation with 2000 IU (50 µg) may be considered a simple, effective, and safe dosage to prevent and treat vitamin D deficiency in the adult general population.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Vitamin D; Dietary Supplements; Vitamins; Cholecalciferol; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 38337676
DOI: 10.3390/nu16030391 -
Nutrients Jun 2023Vitamin D is a fat-soluble steroid hormone, acting through genomic and non-genomic mechanisms, obtainable via two main sources: diet and exposure to ultraviolet B rays...
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble steroid hormone, acting through genomic and non-genomic mechanisms, obtainable via two main sources: diet and exposure to ultraviolet B rays [...].
Topics: Humans; Vitamin D; Vitamins; Diet; Ultraviolet Rays; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 37447228
DOI: 10.3390/nu15132902 -
Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia 2024
Topics: Humans; Vitamin D; Cardiovascular Diseases; Vitamin D Deficiency; Cardiovascular System; Heart Disease Risk Factors
PubMed: 38896587
DOI: 10.36660/abc.20240189 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2024Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is marked by self-tissue destruction as a consequence of an alteration in the adaptive immune response that entails the evasion of immune... (Review)
Review
Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is marked by self-tissue destruction as a consequence of an alteration in the adaptive immune response that entails the evasion of immune regulation. Vitamin D carries out an immunomodulatory role that appears to promote immune tolerance. The aim of this study is to elaborate a narrative review of the relationship between vitamin D status and HT and the role of vitamin D supplementation in reducing HT risk by modulating the immune system. There is extensive literature confirming that vitamin D levels are significantly lower in HT patients compared to healthy people. On the other hand, after the supplementation with cholecalciferol in patients with HT and vitamin D deficiency, thyroid autoantibody titers decreased significantly. Further knowledge of the beneficial effects of vitamin D in the prevention and treatment of autoimmune thyroid diseases requires the execution of additional randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials and longer follow-up periods.
Topics: Humans; Vitamin D; Hashimoto Disease; Vitamins; Vitamin D Deficiency; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 38542128
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25063154 -
Annual Review of Nutrition Aug 2023Riboflavin, in its cofactor forms flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN), plays fundamental roles in energy metabolism, cellular antioxidant... (Review)
Review
Riboflavin, in its cofactor forms flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN), plays fundamental roles in energy metabolism, cellular antioxidant potential, and metabolic interactions with other micronutrients, including iron, vitamin B, and folate. Severe riboflavin deficiency, largely confined to low-income countries, clinically manifests as cheilosis, angular stomatitis, glossitis, seborrheic dermatitis, and severe anemia with erythroid hypoplasia. Subclinical deficiency may be much more widespread, including in high-income countries, but typically goes undetected because riboflavin biomarkers are rarely measured in human studies. There are adverse health consequences of low and deficient riboflavin status throughout the life cycle, including anemia and hypertension, that could contribute substantially to the global burden of disease. This review considers the available evidence on causes, detection, and consequences of riboflavin deficiency, ranging from clinical deficiency signs to manifestations associated with less severe deficiency, and the related research, public health, and policy priorities.
Topics: Humans; Riboflavin Deficiency; Riboflavin; Causality; Antioxidants; Bone Marrow Failure Disorders; Disease Progression; Lip Diseases
PubMed: 37603429
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-061121-084407 -
BMC Psychiatry Jul 2023Depression is an important public health burden, its risk of occurrence is associated with vitamin D deficiency and may also increase with age, while serum vitamin D...
BACKGROUND
Depression is an important public health burden, its risk of occurrence is associated with vitamin D deficiency and may also increase with age, while serum vitamin D levels are closely related to age.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether vitamin D and age are associated with depression after adjustment for each other.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We extracted data from NHANES 2013-2018, including demographic characteristics, depression level, vitamin D level, physical activity, and body measures. A total of 15,156 adults aged 20 years or older (mean age 49.81 ± 17.67 years, 7301 males and 7855 females) were included. Depression was screened by PHQ-9. Vitamin D deficiency was defined by a serum vitamin D level < 30nmol/L. We performed binary logistic regression models to analyze the association between vitamin D, age and depression, respectively.
RESULTS
Vitamin D levels were negatively associated with depression (P < 0.001). Vitamin D had a significant effect on depression (OR = 0.776, 95%CI: 0.682-0.884, P < 0.001), the effect remained significant after adjusted for confounding variables (OR = 0.761, 95%CI: 0.663-0.874, P < 0.001). Age was positively associated with depression (P < 0.001) and had a significant effect on depression (OR = 1.079, 98%CI: 1.032-1.128, P = 0.001), the effect remained significant after adjusted for confounding variables (OR = 1.092, 95%CI: 1.040-1.146, P < 0.001). Age and vitamin D levels were positively correlated (P < 0.001), and older age had a significant effect on vitamin D level (OR = 1.526, 95%CI: 1.416-1.645, P < 0.001), the effect remained significant after adjusted for confounding variables (OR = 1.371, 95%CI: 1.263-1.487, P < 0.001). In addition, the prevalence of depression was higher in females (2312/7855, 29.43%) than in males (1571/7301, 21.52%), and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
Vitamin D deficiency and older age are both associated with higher risk of depression, while older age is a protective factor for vitamin D deficiency.
Topics: Male; Female; Adult; Humans; Middle Aged; Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; Nutrition Surveys; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamin D; Vitamins
PubMed: 37488550
DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04685-0 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023Osteoporosis (OP) and Dermatoporosis (DP) are expressions of the aging process at the skin and bone levels, respectively. Both conditions are associated with increased... (Review)
Review
Osteoporosis (OP) and Dermatoporosis (DP) are expressions of the aging process at the skin and bone levels, respectively. Both conditions are associated with increased morbidity for elderly people, and this requires necessary interventions. They share many common risk factors; among these, vitamin D (VD) deficiency appears to have a role. VD is involved in either disease with many mechanisms, among which immunomodulation. VD deficiency has been linked to OP because it inhibits the body's capacity to absorb calcium and maintain optimal bone health. Available evidence suggests that proper vitaminosis D also appears to be vital in preventing skin age-related issues. DP is often seen in elderly individuals, particularly those with long-term sun exposure and a history of chronic sun damage. VD deficiency can be linked to DP, since its involvement in collagen production, epidermal barrier function, inflammation regulation, wound healing, and sun protection. Aim of this review is to summarize the most updated existing evidence on the role of VD in the development of fragility syndromes such as DP and OP and the possible benefits of VD supplementation as a simple and harmful weapon against aging.
Topics: Aged; Humans; Vitamin D; Vitamins; Osteoporosis; Vitamin D Deficiency; Calcium, Dietary
PubMed: 37693364
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1231580