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International Journal of Molecular... May 2024Vitamin B (cobalamin) is an essential nutrient for humans and animals. Metabolically active forms of B-methylcobalamin and 5-deoxyadenosylcobalamin are cofactors for the... (Review)
Review
Vitamin B (cobalamin) is an essential nutrient for humans and animals. Metabolically active forms of B-methylcobalamin and 5-deoxyadenosylcobalamin are cofactors for the enzymes methionine synthase and mitochondrial methylmalonyl-CoA mutase. Malfunction of these enzymes due to a scarcity of vitamin B leads to disturbance of one-carbon metabolism and impaired mitochondrial function. A significant fraction of the population (up to 20%) is deficient in vitamin B, with a higher rate of deficiency among elderly people. B deficiency is associated with numerous hallmarks of aging at the cellular and organismal levels. Cellular senescence is characterized by high levels of DNA damage by metabolic abnormalities, increased mitochondrial dysfunction, and disturbance of epigenetic regulation. B deficiency could be responsible for or play a crucial part in these disorders. In this review, we focus on a comprehensive analysis of molecular mechanisms through which vitamin B influences aging. We review new data about how deficiency in vitamin B may accelerate cellular aging. Despite indications that vitamin B has an important role in health and healthy aging, knowledge of the influence of vitamin B on aging is still limited and requires further research.
Topics: Humans; Vitamin B 12; Animals; Aging; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency; Inflammation; Epigenesis, Genetic; Cellular Senescence; Mitochondria; DNA Damage
PubMed: 38732262
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25095044 -
Nutrients Aug 2023Maternal vitamin D deficiency, which is highly prevalent in pregnant women in Europe, is linked to adverse health effects for both the mother and child. The objective...
Maternal vitamin D deficiency, which is highly prevalent in pregnant women in Europe, is linked to adverse health effects for both the mother and child. The objective was to assess vitamin D status in pregnant women by evaluating their dietary and supplemental vitamin D intake, serum vitamin D levels, parathyroid hormone levels, and lifestyle factors. This cross-sectional study, with a total of 735 participants (145 pregnant and 590 up to the seventh day postpartum), took place in Latvia. Blood samples, a food frequency questionnaire, and medical documentation were used for data collection. The median serum vitamin D concentration was 34.0 ng/mL, with pregnant women having higher levels (42.9 ng/mL) than postpartum women (31.8 ng/mL). There was no association between vitamin D serum concentration and dietary intake of vitamin D ( > 0.05), whereas there was a significant correlation with use of vitamin D supplements (r = 0.41; < 0.001 in pregnant women and r = 0.35; < 0.001 in postpartum women). This study demonstrated that a minority of pregnant women (21.9%) had optimal serum vitamin D concentration (>45 ng/mL), and diet had no significant impact on vitamin D levels. Thus, our proposed recommendation for vitamin D intake during pregnancy was 63 mcg (2500 IU) year-round for optimal levels in pregnant women in Northeastern Europe.
Topics: Child; Humans; Female; Pregnancy; Cross-Sectional Studies; Vitamin D; Nutritional Status; Vitamin D Deficiency; Postpartum Period; Dietary Supplements; Vitamins; Pregnant Women
PubMed: 37571431
DOI: 10.3390/nu15153493 -
Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine... Dec 2023Acute inflammatory or neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as headache, fatigue, anosmia, and hyposmia, sometimes persist for more than 30 days or longer than 12 weeks after...
OBJECTIVES
Acute inflammatory or neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as headache, fatigue, anosmia, and hyposmia, sometimes persist for more than 30 days or longer than 12 weeks after infection with the Omicron variant of SARS‑CoV‑2 (hereafter referred to as COVID-19). The aim of this study was to determine whether detection of zinc concentration or vitamin D concentration could provide treatment benefits for patients with COVID-19, thus reducing the risk of them experiencing long COVID.
METHODS
The interval between the date of COVID-19 diagnosis and the date of visit to pulmonary department for prolonged symptoms of COVID-19 was recorded for statistical analysis. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for detecting zinc and chemiluminescence immunoassay for detecting vitamin D were performed in laboratory tests.
RESULTS
Fifty-five patients were included. Of the participants, 29.1 % and 27.3 % had vitamin D and zinc deficiency, respectively. On average, the patients underwent long COVID treatment for 31.7 ± 17.7 days. A positive statistical correlation was observed between vitamin D and zinc concentrations (Pearson's correlation = 0.378). Compared with sufficient zinc levels, zinc deficiency was associated with a higher fibrinogen level (p < 0.05). Within 30 days, the observed vitamin D deficiency rate was only 21.4 %; after 30 days, the vitamin D deficiency rate rose to 37.0 % (McNemar's chi-square test; p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Zinc deficiency correlates to acute and persistent inflammation and vitamin D deficiency is associated with delayed recovery in long COVID syndrome.
Topics: Humans; Vitamin D; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome; COVID-19 Testing; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Vitamins; Vitamin D Deficiency; Minerals; Zinc
PubMed: 37566973
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127278 -
Bone Oct 2023Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is characterized by severe skeletal symptoms including mineralization defects, insufficiency fractures, and delayed facture healing or non-unions....
Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is characterized by severe skeletal symptoms including mineralization defects, insufficiency fractures, and delayed facture healing or non-unions. HPP is caused by mutations of the tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP). Zinc is a cofactor of TNSALP and vitamin D an important regulator of bone matrix mineralization. Data from this retrospective study indicates that deficiencies in zinc or vitamin D occur in HPP patients with a similar frequency as in the general population. While guidelines for repletion of these micronutrients have been established for the general population, the transferability of the efficacy and safety of these regiments to HPP patients still needed to be determined. We filtered for variant classification (ACMG 3-5, non-benign) and data completeness from a total cohort of 263 HPP patients. 73.5 % of this sub-cohort were vitamin D deficient while 27.2 % were zinc deficient. We retrospectively evaluated the effect of supplementation according to general guidelines in 10 patients with zinc-deficiency and 38 patients with vitamin d-deficiency. The treatments significantly raised serum zinc or vitamin D levels respectively. All other assessed disease markers (alkaline phosphatase, pyrodoxal-5-phosphate) or bone turnover markers (phosphate, calcium, parathyroid hormone, bone specific alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, desoxypyridinoline) remained unchanged. These results highlight that general guidelines for zinc and vitamin D repletion can be successfully applied to HPP patients in order to prevent deficiency symptoms without exacerbating the disease burden or causing adverse effects due to changes in bone and calcium homeostasis.
Topics: Humans; Hypophosphatasia; Alkaline Phosphatase; Retrospective Studies; Zinc; Calcium; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamin D; Phosphates; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 37487860
DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116849 -
International Wound Journal Oct 2023A meta-analysis investigation to measure the relationship between vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). A comprehensive literature inspection till... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
A meta-analysis investigation to measure the relationship between vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). A comprehensive literature inspection till February 2023 was applied and 1765 interrelated investigations were reviewed. The 15 chosen investigations enclosed 2648 individuals with diabetes mellitus in the chosen investigations' starting point, 1413 of them were with DFUs, and 1235 were without DFUs. Odds ratio (OR) in addition to 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to compute the value of the relationship between VDD and DFU by the dichotomous and continuous approaches and a fixed or random model. Individuals with DFUs had significantly lower vitamin D levels (VDL) (MD, -7.14; 95% CI, -8.83 to -5.44, P < 0.001) compared to those without DFU individuals. Individuals with DFUs had a significantly higher number of VDD individuals (OR, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.63-3.16, P < 0.001) compared to those without DFU individuals. Individuals with DFU had significantly lower VDL and a significantly higher number of VDD individuals compared to those without DFU individuals. However, caused of the small sample sizes of several chosen investigations for this meta-analysis, care must be exercised when dealing with its values.
Topics: Humans; Diabetic Foot; Diabetes Mellitus; Vitamin D Deficiency; Foot Ulcer
PubMed: 37194326
DOI: 10.1111/iwj.14177 -
Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic... Dec 2023Bariatric surgery is associated with a postoperative reduction of 25(OH) vitamin D levels (25(OH)D) and with skeletal complications. Currently, guidelines for 25(OH)D... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Bariatric surgery is associated with a postoperative reduction of 25(OH) vitamin D levels (25(OH)D) and with skeletal complications. Currently, guidelines for 25(OH)D assessment and vitamin D supplementation in bariatric patients, pre- and post-surgery, are still lacking. The aim of this work is to analyse systematically the published experience on 25(OH)D status and vitamin D supplementation, pre- and post-surgery, and to propose, on this basis, recommendations for management. Preoperatively, 18 studies including 2,869 patients were evaluated. Prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency as defined by 25(OH)D < 30 ng/mL (75 nmol/L) was 85%, whereas when defined by 25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL (50 nmol/L) was 57%. The median preoperative 25(OH)D level was 19.75 ng/mL. After surgery, 39 studies including 5,296 patients were analysed and among those undergoing either malabsorptive or restrictive procedures, a lower rate of vitamin D insufficiency and higher 25(OH)D levels postoperatively were observed in patients treated with high-dose oral vitamin D supplementation, defined as ≥ 2,000 IU/daily (mostly D3-formulation), compared with low-doses (< 2,000 IU/daily). Our recommendations based on this systematic review and meta-analysis should help clinical practice in the assessment and management of vitamin D status before and after bariatric surgery. Assessment of vitamin D should be performed pre- and postoperatively in all patients undergoing bariatric surgery. Regardless of the type of procedure, high-dose supplementation is recommended in patients after bariatric surgery.
Topics: Humans; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Dietary Supplements; Vitamins; Bariatric Surgery
PubMed: 37665480
DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09831-3 -
Nutrients Jul 2023Hypovitaminosis D has been associated with worse outcome in respiratory tract infections, with conflicting opinions regarding its role in Coronavirus-19 disease...
Hypovitaminosis D has been associated with worse outcome in respiratory tract infections, with conflicting opinions regarding its role in Coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19). Our study aimed to evaluate the possible relationship between 25-OH vitamin D (25OHD) values and the following conditions in patients hospitalized for COVID-19: prognosis, mortality, invasive (IV) and non-invasive (NIV) mechanical ventilation, and orotracheal intubation (OTI). A further objective was the analysis of a possible positive effect of supplementation with calcifediol on COVID-19 severity and prognosis. We analyzed 288 patients hospitalized at the San Giovanni di Dio Hospital in Florence and the Santa Maria alle Scotte Hospital in Siena, from November 2020 to February 2021. The 25OHD levels correlated positively with the partial pressure of oxygen and FiO2 (PaO2/FiO2) ratio (r = 0.17; < 0.05). Furthermore, when we analyzed the patients according to the type of respiratory support, we found that 25OHD levels were markedly reduced in patients who underwent non-invasive ventilation and orotracheal intubation (OTI). The evaluation of the length of hospitalization in our population evidenced a longer duration of hospitalization in patients with severe 25OHD deficiency (<10 ng/mL). Moreover, we found a statistically significant difference in the mortality rate between patients who had 25OHD levels below 10 ng/mL and those with levels above this threshold in the total population (50.8% vs. 25.5%, = 0.005), as well as between patients with 25OHD levels below 20 ng/mL and those with levels above that threshold (38.4% vs. 24.6%, = 0.04). Moreover, COVID-19 patients supplemented with calcifediol presented a significantly reduced length of hospitalization ( < 0.05). Interestingly, when we analyzed the possible effects of calcifediol on mortality rate in patients with COVID-19, we found that the percentage of deaths was significantly higher in patients who did not receive any supplementation than in those who were treated with calcifediol ( < 0.05) In conclusion, we have demonstrated with our study the best prognosis of COVID-19 patients with adequate vitamin D levels and patients treated with calcifediol supplementation.
Topics: Humans; Calcifediol; COVID-19; Vitamin D; Vitamins; Vitamin D Deficiency; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 37571329
DOI: 10.3390/nu15153392 -
Nutrients Jul 2023Deficiencies of vitamin B (B) and folate (FA) are of particular interest due to their pleiotropic role in 1-carbon metabolism. In addition to adverse birth outcomes,...
Deficiencies of vitamin B (B) and folate (FA) are of particular interest due to their pleiotropic role in 1-carbon metabolism. In addition to adverse birth outcomes, deficiencies of B and FA, or an imbalance in FA/B status, are linked to metabolic disorders. Indian diets that are predominantly plant food-based could be deficient in these vitamins, but there are no national estimates of the prevalence of B and FA deficiency in Indian children and adolescents, nor their associations with age, sex and growth indicators. The recent Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey (CNNS-2016-18) provided estimates of the prevalence of B and FA deficiency at the national and state levels among preschool (1-4 years: 9976 and 11,004 children, respectively), school-age children (5-9 years: 12,156 and 14,125) and adolescents (10-19 years: 11,748 and 13,621). Serum B and erythrocyte FA were measured by the direct chemiluminescence method and their deficiency was defined using WHO cut-offs. The prevalence of B and FA deficiency was high among adolescents (31.0%, CI: 28.7-33.5 and 35.6%, CI: 33.1-8.2) compared to school-age (17.3%, CI: 15.4-19.3 and 27.6%, CI: 25.5-29.9) and preschool children (13.8%, CI: 11.7-16.2 and 22.8%, CI: 20.5-25.2, respectively). The prevalence of both B and FA deficiency was significantly higher by 8% and 5%, respectively, in adolescent boys compared to girls. There was no association between anthropometric undernutrition and B and FA deficiency. There was wide regional variation in the prevalence of B and FA deficiency, but no rural-urban differences were observed across all age groups. The national prevalence of B deficiency among preschool or school-age children was <20% (the cut-off that indicates a public health problem). However, FA deficiency in these age groups and both FA and B deficiencies in adolescents were >20%, warranting further investigation.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Adolescent; Child, Preschool; Child; Vitamin B 12; Prevalence; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency; Folic Acid Deficiency; Folic Acid; Vitamins
PubMed: 37447351
DOI: 10.3390/nu15133026 -
Endocrine Dec 2023Low vitamin D levels were reported to negatively influence the outcome of acute COVID-19, as well as to be linked to Long-COVID. However, few studies have investigated,...
PURPOSE
Low vitamin D levels were reported to negatively influence the outcome of acute COVID-19, as well as to be linked to Long-COVID. However, few studies have investigated, so far, its effects on humoral-response to anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, reporting conflicting results. We aimed to evaluate the impact of baseline 25(OH)vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels on humoral-response to a two-dose cycle of Pfizer-BioNTech-vaccine up to 9-10 months after immunization.
METHODS
We retrospectively included 119 consecutive healthcare-workers (median age 53 years) without a previous history of acute COVID-19 or anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulins presence immunized with two doses of Comirnaty-vaccine from January to February 2021. 25(OH)D was measured at time of first-immunization. Immune response was evaluated at: time 0 (T0), before the first-dose; T1, time of second-dose (21 days after T0); T2, T3, T4 at 1, 5 and 9 months after T1, respectively.
RESULTS
Median 25(OH)D levels were 25.6 ng/mL, and vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D <20 ng/mL) was observed in 29 subjects (24.8%). In those with vitamin D deficiency, we found a non-significant trend towards lower antibody-titers at T3, and significantly lower titers at T4 as compared to those not vitamin D-deficient, also observing a more pronounced antibody-titers negative drop from peak-T2 and T4 in those with vitamin D deficiency. A positive correlation between 25(OH)D levels and antibody-titers at T4 (p = 0.043) was found. In multiple linear-regression analysis, 25(OH)D deficiency and older-age resulted as negative independent factors associated with antibody titer at T4 (p = 0.026, p = 0.004; respectively).
CONCLUSION
In our relatively young cohort presenting low prevalence of hypovitaminosis D, the long-term humoral response to anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination was negatively influenced by low baseline 25(OH)D. Vitamin D supplementation could be tested as a strategy to optimize the vaccination campaigns to prevent severe COVID-19.
Topics: Humans; Middle Aged; Vitamin D; COVID-19 Vaccines; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome; Retrospective Studies; COVID-19; Vitamins; Vaccination; Vitamin D Deficiency; Immunity
PubMed: 37592162
DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03481-w -
Nutrients Aug 2023Studies indicate a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in both the general population and at-risk groups. Given the association between vitamin D deficiency and... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Studies indicate a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in both the general population and at-risk groups. Given the association between vitamin D deficiency and various diseases, addressing this concern becomes crucial, especially in situations where routine monitoring is challenging.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A systematic literature review of the current knowledge on vitamin D dosing in diverse at-risk populations and the application of the findings to a broader clinical perspective.
RESULTS
The reviewed studies revealed a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among patients with musculoskeletal disorders, systemic connective tissue diseases, corticosteroid use, endocrine and metabolic conditions, malabsorption syndromes, obesity, chronic kidney disease, cancer, and central nervous system diseases. Vitamin D deficiency was often more severe compared to the general population. Higher dosages of vitamin D beyond the recommended levels for the general population were shown to be effective in improving vitamin D status in these at-risk individuals. Additionally, some studies suggested a potential link between intermittent vitamin D administration and improved adherence.
CONCLUSION
Simplified dosing could empower clinicians to address vitamin D deficiency, particularly in high-risk populations, even without routine monitoring. Further research is needed to establish the optimal dosing regimens for specific at-risk populations.
Topics: Humans; Vitamin D; Vitamins; Vitamin D Deficiency; Knowledge; Malabsorption Syndromes
PubMed: 37686757
DOI: 10.3390/nu15173725