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International Journal of Environmental... Nov 2023Vitamin D deficiency has been studied in the context of acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), revealing associations with increased severity and mortality. Yet, the...
Vitamin D deficiency has been studied in the context of acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), revealing associations with increased severity and mortality. Yet, the influence of vitamin D on long COVID symptoms remains unknown. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of vitamin D on long COVID symptoms. Over the study period, 50,432 individuals within the catchment area of the outpatient COVID-19 clinic tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 via PCR, with 547 patients subsequently referred to a specialized Post-COVID Clinic, and 447 of them enrolled in the study. Patient-reported symptoms and paraclinical measures including vitamin D were evaluated in 442 patients. The majority of participants were female (72%, = 320/442). The consumption of alcohol and number of current smokers were low. Low vitamin D was observed in 26% ( = 115/442) of the patients, most commonly in male participants (odds ratio (OR) = 1.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.12, 2.79), = 0.014). Additionally, low vitamin D was correlated with a younger mean age of 41 years (standard deviation (SD) = 12) as opposed to 48 years (SD = 13) in patients with normal vitamin D levels (OR = 0.96, 95% CI (0.94, 0.97), < 0.001). While our study population indicated a potentially higher prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in this population compared to the general population, no significant differences in prevalence of symptom or symptom severity scores were observed between the low and normal vitamin D groups. In patients in a Post-COVID Clinic, we found no association between vitamin D levels and long COVID symptoms.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Adult; Vitamin D; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Vitamins; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 37998290
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20227058 -
Nutrients Jan 2024The definition of "Vitamin D" encompasses a group of fat-soluble steroid compounds of different origins with similar chemical structures and the same biological effects.... (Review)
Review
The definition of "Vitamin D" encompasses a group of fat-soluble steroid compounds of different origins with similar chemical structures and the same biological effects. Vitamin D deficiency and/or a defect in the process of its synthesis or transport predispose individuals to several types of rickets. In addition to cholecalciferol, ergocalciferol, and vitamins D3 and D2, there are also active metabolites for the treatment of this condition which are commercially available. Calcitriol and aphacalcidiol are active metabolites that do not require the renal activation step, which is required with calcifediol, or hepatic activation. The purpose of this review is to summarize current approaches to the treatment of rickets for generalist physicians, focusing on the best vitamin D form to be used in each type, or, in the case of X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLH), on both conventional and innovative monoclonal antibody treatments.
Topics: Humans; Vitamin D; Rickets; Calcitriol; Cholecalciferol; Familial Hypophosphatemic Rickets; Vitamins
PubMed: 38337700
DOI: 10.3390/nu16030416 -
Nutrients Aug 2023Apart from developmental disabilities, the prevalence of chronic diseases increases with age especially in those with co-morbidities: vitamin D deficiency plays a major... (Review)
Review
Apart from developmental disabilities, the prevalence of chronic diseases increases with age especially in those with co-morbidities: vitamin D deficiency plays a major role in it. Whether vitamin D deficiency initiates and/or aggravates chronic diseases or vice versa is unclear. It adversely affects all body systems but can be eliminated using proper doses of vitamin D supplementation and/or safe daily sun exposure. Maintaining the population serum 25(OH)D concentration above 40 ng/mL (i.e., sufficiency) ensures a sound immune system, minimizing symptomatic diseases and reducing infections and the prevalence of chronic diseases. This is the most cost-effective way to keep a population healthy and reduce healthcare costs. Vitamin D facilitates physiological functions, overcoming pathologies such as chronic inflammation and oxidative stress and maintaining broader immune functions. These are vital to overcoming chronic diseases and infections. Therefore, in addition to following essential public health and nutritional guidance, maintaining vitamin D sufficiency should be an integral part of better health, preventing acute and chronic diseases and minimize their complications. Those with severe vitamin D deficiency have the highest burdens of co-morbidities and are more vulnerable to developing complications and untimely deaths. Vitamin D adequacy improves innate and adaptive immune systems. It controls excessive inflammation and oxidative stress, generates antimicrobial peptides, and neutralizes antibodies via immune cells. Consequently, vitamin D sufficiency reduces infections and associated complications and deaths. Maintaining vitamin D sufficiency reduces chronic disease burden, illnesses, hospitalizations, and all-cause mortality. Vulnerable communities, such as ethnic minorities living in temperate countries, older people, those with co-morbidities, routine night workers, and institutionalized persons, have the highest prevalence of vitamin D deficiency-they would significantly benefit from vitamin D and targeted micronutrient supplementation. At least now, health departments, authorities, and health insurance companies should start assessing, prioritizing, and encouraging this economical, non-prescription, safe micronutrient to prevent and treat acute and chronic diseases. This approach will significantly reduce morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs and ensure healthy aging.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Vitamin D; Vitamins; Vitamin D Deficiency; Micronutrients; Chronic Disease
PubMed: 37630813
DOI: 10.3390/nu15163623 -
Nutrients Nov 2023Vitamin K (VK), a fat-soluble vitamin, is essential for the clotting of blood because of its role in the production of clotting factors in the liver. Moreover,... (Review)
Review
Vitamin K (VK), a fat-soluble vitamin, is essential for the clotting of blood because of its role in the production of clotting factors in the liver. Moreover, researchers continue to explore the role of VK as an emerging novel bioactive molecule with the potential function of improving bone health. This review focuses on the effects of VK on bone health and related mechanisms, covering VK research history, homologous analogs, dietary sources, bioavailability, recommended intake, and deficiency. The information summarized here could contribute to the basic and clinical research on VK as a natural dietary additive and drug candidate for bone health. Future research is needed to extend the dietary VK database and explore the pharmacological safety of VK and factors affecting VK bioavailability to provide more support for the bone health benefits of VK through more clinical trials.
Topics: Humans; Vitamin K; Vitamin K Deficiency; Bone and Bones; Blood Coagulation; Vitamins; Vitamin K 2; Vitamin K 1
PubMed: 38068793
DOI: 10.3390/nu15234935 -
Nutrients Jul 2023Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays a key role in bone metabolism, particularly concerning the regulation of calcium and phosphate homeostasis. Cardiovascular...
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays a key role in bone metabolism, particularly concerning the regulation of calcium and phosphate homeostasis. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in Western countries. Knowledge of the role of vitamin D in CVD arose from evidence of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) inside the cardiovascular system. In this retrospective analysis, we investigated the relationships between vitamin D status and hospitalization for heart failure (HF), overall mortality and cardiovascular mortality. Between 2004 and 2009, age-stratified, random sampling of elderly men and postmenopausal women in the primary care registers of Siena residents was performed. In total, 174 males (mean ± SD, 65.9 ± 6 years) and 975 females (62.5 ± 6 years) were enrolled in the study. We investigated the association between 25OHD status and hospitalization for HF or causes of mortality. A total of 51 subjects (12 males and 39 females) had been hospitalized for acute HF. At the end of the survey, 931 individuals were alive, while 187 had died (43 males and 144 females). A greater proportion of deceased patients showed low 25OHD (particularly patients with levels below 20 ng/mL). A similar trend was observed concerning the prevalence of patients with 25OHD levels below 20 ng/mL who died from stroke (RR = 2.15; 95% CIs 0.98-4.69; = 0.06). Low 25OHD levels may be predictive of cardiovascular mortality. Whether vitamin deficiency represents a primitive cause or is a simple bystander in increased cardiovascular mortality should be further investigated in prospective large cohort studies specifically designed to assess CVD risk, including a detailed assessment of cardiac dysfunction and the characterization of atherosclerotic lesions.
Topics: Humans; Female; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Vitamin D Deficiency; Cardiovascular Diseases; Male; Retrospective Studies; Heart Failure; Hospitalization; Vitamin D; Receptors, Calcitriol
PubMed: 37571241
DOI: 10.3390/nu15153303 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023This study aimed to investigate the incidence of vitamin D deficiency in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis through a meta-analysis and to analyze trends and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
This study aimed to investigate the incidence of vitamin D deficiency in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis through a meta-analysis and to analyze trends and risk factors.
METHODS
Potentially relevant studies were searched using the terms "Vitamin D AND scoliosis." Data on the incidence and risk factors, such as race, curve magnitude, and sex, were extracted from the selected studies. Review Manager 5.4 software was used for the data analysis. Six studies with a total of 1, 428 patients met the inclusion criteria.
RESULTS
The incidence of vitamin D insufficiency in patients with idiopathic scoliosis was 36.19% (95% CI [21.93 to 50.46]. In contrast, the incidence of vitamin D deficiency was 41.43% (95% CI [16.62 66.23]. Vitamin D levels were compared between Caucasian and African patients and it was concluded that Caucasian patients had a lower risk of vitamin D deficiency [RR 0.15, 95% CI (0.03 to 0.82; P = 0.03]. There was also an association between patients with idiopathic scoliosis and lower vitamin D -5.58, 95% CI [-7.10, -4.06]. Finally, no significant differences were observed in terms of curve magnitude assessed with the Cobb angle mean difference (MD) 4.45, 95% CI [-0.55, 9.44], or sex with lower-than-normal levels of vitamin D OR 0.96, 95% CI [0.58 to 1.60].
DISCUSSION
The incidence rates of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis were 36.19% and 41.43%, respectively. The Caucasian race was associated with a lower risk of vitamin D deficiency compared to the African race. Vitamin D deficiency was not related to curve magnitude or sex.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Scoliosis; Incidence; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamin D; Kyphosis; Vitamins
PubMed: 37886647
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1250118 -
Nutrients Oct 2023A prospective cohort study was conducted to evaluate the effect of vitamin D deficiency on sepsis. A total of 129 patients were enrolled. The median age was 74 years...
A prospective cohort study was conducted to evaluate the effect of vitamin D deficiency on sepsis. A total of 129 patients were enrolled. The median age was 74 years old, with a median SOFA score of 7; septic shock was observed in 60 patients. The median vitamin D level in the overall population was 13 ng/mL. A total of 96 patients had vitamin D deficiency, whereas 62 patients were described to have severe vitamin D deficiency. Severe vitamin D deficiency significantly increased the 14-day mortality (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 2.57; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03-6.43; = 0.043), 28-day mortality (aHR 2.28; 95% CI: 1.17-4.45; = 0.016), and in-hospital mortality (aHR 2.11; 95% CI: 1.02-4.36; = 0.044). In Kaplan-Meier analysis, the severe vitamin D deficiency group had significantly higher 14-day and 28-day mortality rates compared with the non-deficient group. Evaluating the vitamin D levels in sepsis patients may become necessary in an aging society. Severe vitamin D deficiency can independently affect poor prognosis related to sepsis. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether vitamin D supplementation in sepsis patients with vitamin D deficiency can help improve the prognosis of sepsis in addition to improving bone mineral metabolism.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Prospective Studies; Sepsis; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamin D; Shock, Septic; Vitamins
PubMed: 37892385
DOI: 10.3390/nu15204309 -
Arthritis Research & Therapy Sep 2023This study aimed to investigate the long-term effect of vitamin D supplementation compared to placebo over 5 years in participants with knee osteoarthritis (OA). We...
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to investigate the long-term effect of vitamin D supplementation compared to placebo over 5 years in participants with knee osteoarthritis (OA). We also aimed to describe the effect of maintaining sufficient serum vitamin D levels over five years in knee OA.
METHODS
Participants (n = 173) from the Hobart centre of the Vitamin D Effects on Osteoarthritis (VIDEO) trial were extensively followed up 3 years after the cessation of 2-year investigational treatment. Participants were classified as maintaining sufficient vitamin D (n = 79) and not maintaining sufficient vitamin D (n = 61) groups.
RESULTS
There was no significant difference in change in the knee symptoms, depression, and serum levels of IL6 and hs-CRP between both comparisons after 3 years of cessation of the clinical trial. However, among participants who reported no knee surgery (KS), there was a significant improvement in WOMAC function (β: - 83.7, 95% CI: - 167.3, 0) and depression scores (β: - 1.3, 95% CI: - 2.3, - 0.2) in vitamin D group compared to the placebo group. Similarly, those who maintained adequate vitamin D levels over 5 years had significantly less WOMAC knee pain (β: - 33.9, 95% CI: - 65.7, - 2) and physical dysfunction (β: - 105.5, 95% CI: - 198.2, - 12.8) than participants with vitamin D deficiency over 5 years.
CONCLUSION
Vitamin D supplementation over 2 years or maintaining vitamin D sufficiency for 5 years was not associated with statistically significant differences in change in knee symptom scores over 5 years. However, among participants who did not report KS, 2-year vitamin D supplementation and maintaining sufficient vitamin D was linked to modest improvements in knee symptoms and depression scores in knee OA.
Topics: Humans; Vitamin D; Osteoarthritis, Knee; Knee Joint; Vitamin D Deficiency; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 37740217
DOI: 10.1186/s13075-023-03167-8 -
Nutrients Jun 2023Vitamin D has been suggested to play a role in the development of depression, but the nature of the relationship between the two is still not fully understood. Although...
BACKGROUND
Vitamin D has been suggested to play a role in the development of depression, but the nature of the relationship between the two is still not fully understood. Although some studies have shown an association between vitamin D deficiency and depression, others have yielded inconsistent or inconclusive results. As a result, further research is needed to better understand the relationship between vitamin D and depression.
OBJECTIVES
This study aims to assess the association between serum vitamin D and the risk of depressive symptoms in individuals aged 20 years and older in the United States.
METHODS
We selected 7562 participants from the 2007-2018 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Participants' serum vitamin D levels were determined from laboratory data, and those with a Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) score of ≥ 10 were considered to have depressive symptoms. Associations between vitamin D and depressive symptoms were investigated using multiple logistic regression, subgroup analysis, and smoothed curve fitting.
RESULTS
In our study, 11.17% of the participants had depression. Multiple regression stratified analysis showed a significant inverse association between serum vitamin D and depression in the 29-39 years age group after full adjustment (OR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.31-0.95, = 0.0316). This result was supported by subgroup analysis and smoothed curve fitting.
CONCLUSIONS
The association between serum vitamin D and depressive status in US adults varied across populations. Among those aged 29-39 years, vitamin D supplementation tended to show a lower rate of depression.
Topics: Humans; Young Adult; United States; Adult; Nutrition Surveys; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamins
PubMed: 37447273
DOI: 10.3390/nu15132947 -
Nutrients Aug 2023Taking into account previous data that sustain a relationship between vitamin D deficiency and higher infection positivity rates, this review aims to assess the... (Review)
Review
Taking into account previous data that sustain a relationship between vitamin D deficiency and higher infection positivity rates, this review aims to assess the influence of vitamin D deficiency and/or insufficiency upon the prevalence of infection and its eradication success. Three major databases were searched for articles that analyzed a relationship between vitamin D status and infection. The literature search retrieved a total of 37 reports, after the article selection process. Hypovitaminosis D emerged as a potential risk factor for infection, given the higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and/or insufficiency among -positive subjects. Furthermore, the same type of micronutrient deficiency has been directly linked to eradication failure. An inverse linear relationship between vitamin D status and gastric cancer risk exists, but the additional involvement of in this correlation is still in question. The potential benefit of oral supplements in enhancing the success of classical therapeutic regimens of still requires future research. Future population-based studies from larger geographical areas are warranted to address this subject in more depth.
Topics: Humans; Vitamin D; Helicobacter pylori; Prevalence; Vitamins; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 37630738
DOI: 10.3390/nu15163549