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Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2023Given the importance of young children's postures and movements to health and development, robust objective measures are required to provide high-quality evidence. This... (Review)
Review
Given the importance of young children's postures and movements to health and development, robust objective measures are required to provide high-quality evidence. This study aimed to systematically review the available evidence for objective measurement of young (0-5 years) children's posture and movement using machine learning and other algorithm methods on accelerometer data. From 1663 papers, a total of 20 papers reporting on 18 studies met the inclusion criteria. Papers were quality-assessed and data extracted and synthesised on sample, postures and movements identified, sensors used, model development, and accuracy. A common limitation of studies was a poor description of their sample data, yet over half scored adequate/good on their overall study design quality assessment. There was great diversity in all aspects examined, with evidence of increasing sophistication in approaches used over time. Model accuracy varied greatly, but for a range of postures and movements, models developed on a reasonable-sized (n > 25) sample were able to achieve an accuracy of >80%. Issues related to model development are discussed and implications for future research outlined. The current evidence suggests the rapidly developing field of machine learning has clear potential to enable the collection of high-quality evidence on the postures and movements of young children.
Topics: Child; Humans; Child, Preschool; Movement; Posture; Machine Learning; Algorithms; Wearable Electronic Devices
PubMed: 38139507
DOI: 10.3390/s23249661 -
American Journal of Preventive Medicine May 2023Early childhood is a key time for the development of physical activity behaviors and physical literacy. A growing proportion of children spend a significant portion of... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Early childhood is a key time for the development of physical activity behaviors and physical literacy. A growing proportion of children spend a significant portion of their daytime in early childhood education and care settings where an early childhood educator cares for them. This systematic review (PROSPERO CRD42018087249) aimed to identify the differences between effective and noneffective educator-led interventions with a goal to improve physical literacy and/or physical activity in children aged 3-5 years in early childhood education and care settings.
METHODS
Interventions were included if they aimed to improve at least 1 physical literacy component or physical activity time in children aged 2-6 years through educator training. MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, ERIC, Australian Education Index, and Sport Discus were searched in March 2018 and April 2021. Risk of bias was assessed through a modified Cochrane assessment tool.
RESULTS
Data from 51 studies were analyzed in 2021 and 2022 and summarized narratively. Thirty-seven interventions aimed to promote physical activity, and 28 sought to promote physical literacy; 54% and 63% of these were effective, respectively. Interventions that were underpinned by theory, included ongoing support, or measured intervention fidelity were more effective, especially when all 3 were done.
DISCUSSION
This review was limited by a high risk of bias and inconsistency in reporting results across interventions. Reporting physical activity by minutes per hour and reporting both sub and total scores in physical literacy assessments will allow for greater cross-comparison between trials. Future training of educators should be underpinned by theory and incorporate ongoing support and objective fidelity checks.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Literacy; Australia; Exercise; Motor Activity
PubMed: 37085246
DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2023.01.010 -
International Journal of Environmental... Feb 2023Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is a condition requiring 24-hour management. The way in which an individual combines their 24-hour movement behaviours (24-h MBs), which is... (Review)
Review
24-Hour Movement Behaviours (Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour and Sleep) Association with Glycaemic Control and Psychosocial Outcomes in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review of Quantitative and Qualitative Studies.
Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is a condition requiring 24-hour management. The way in which an individual combines their 24-hour movement behaviours (24-h MBs), which is comprised of physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB), and sleep, throughout the day can have a significant impact on physical and mental health. This mixed methods systematic review aimed to investigate 24-h MBs' relationship with glycaemic control and psychosocial outcomes in adolescents (11-18 years) with T1D. Ten databases were searched for quantitative and qualitative English language articles reporting at least one of the behaviours and their relationship with outcomes. There were no restrictions on article publication dates or study design. Articles were subjected to title and abstract screening, full text screening, data extraction and quality assessment. Data were summarised narratively, and a meta-analysis was conducted where possible. From 9922 studies, 84 were included for data extraction (quantitative ( = 76), qualitative ( = 8)). Meta-analyses revealed a significant favourable association between PA and HbA1c (-0.22 [95% CI: -0.35, -0.08; I = 92.7%; = 0.001). SB had an insignificant unfavourable association with HbA1c (0.12 [95% CI: -0.06, 0.28; I = 86.1%; = 0.07]) and sleep had an insignificant favourable association (-0.03 [95% CI: -0.21, 0.15; I = 65.9%; = 0.34]). Importantly, no study investigated how combinations of behaviours collectively interacted and impacted on outcomes.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Exercise; Glycated Hemoglobin; Glycemic Control; Sedentary Behavior; Sleep
PubMed: 36901373
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054363 -
Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy 2023Individuals with Parkinson's disease present arm swing alterations that can adversely affect their locomotion. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Individuals with Parkinson's disease present arm swing alterations that can adversely affect their locomotion.
OBJECTIVE
To identify differences in arm swing asymmetry (ASA) between individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) and healthy individuals and to investigate the relationship between ASA, temporal-spatial gait parameters, and disease progression.
METHODS
A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, Web of Science, and EBSCOhost up to February 2023. Cross-sectional studies evaluating parameters of arm swing (AS) and ASA were included. Methodological quality was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Checklist, and the quality of the evidence was measured with a modified Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation.
RESULTS
Fourteen studies were included in the systematic review (1130 participants). Irrespective of the medication phase (ON or OFF) and the type of walk test employed, the meta-analysis showed moderate-quality evidence that individuals with PD have increased ASA amplitude (SMD = 0.84; 95% CI: 0.69, 0.99; I²= 0%).Very low-quality evidence suggests higher ASA velocity (SMD=0.64; 95% CI: 0.24, 1.05; I²=59%) and lower AS amplitude on both the most affected (ES = -1.99, 95% CI: -3.04, -0.94, I: 91%) and the least affected sides (ES = -0.75, 95% CI: -1.05, -0.44; I²=66%). Meta-regression indicated that ASA is inversely related to disease duration (Z: -2.4892, P< 0.05) and motor symptoms progression (Z: -2.1336, P< 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Regardless of the medication phase and the type of walk test employed, individuals with PD exhibited greater ASA and decreased AS amplitude than healthy individuals. ASA decreases as the disease progresses and symptoms worsen.
Topics: Humans; Parkinson Disease; Walking; Arm; Cross-Sectional Studies; Biomechanical Phenomena; Gait
PubMed: 37980716
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2023.100559 -
Scientific Reports Mar 2021The identification of relevant and valid biomarkers to distinguish patients with non-specific chronic low back pain (NSCLBP) from an asymptomatic population in terms of...
The identification of relevant and valid biomarkers to distinguish patients with non-specific chronic low back pain (NSCLBP) from an asymptomatic population in terms of musculoskeletal factors could contribute to patient follow-up and to evaluate therapeutic strategies. Several parameters related to movement and/or muscular activity impairments have been proposed in the literature in that respect. In this article, we propose a systematic and comprehensive review of these parameters (i.e. potential biomarkers) and related measurement properties. This systematic review (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020144877) was conducted in Medline, Embase, and Web of Knowledge databases until July 2019. In the included studies, all movements or muscular activity parameters having demonstrated at least a moderate level of construct validity were defined as biomarkers, and their measurement properties were assessed. In total, 92 studies were included. This allowed to identify 121 movement and 150 muscular activity biomarkers. An extensive measurement properties assessment was found in 31 movement and 14 muscular activity biomarkers. On the whole, these biomarkers support the primary biomechanical concepts proposed for low back pain. However, a consensus concerning a robust and standardised biomechanical approach to assess low back pain is needed.
Topics: Biomarkers; Chronic Pain; Geography; Humans; Low Back Pain; Movement; Muscles
PubMed: 33712658
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84034-x -
European Journal of Physical and... Feb 2022The objective was to assess the impact of movement representation techniques (MRT) through motor imagery (MI), action observation (AO) and visual mirror feedback (VMF)... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
The objective was to assess the impact of movement representation techniques (MRT) through motor imagery (MI), action observation (AO) and visual mirror feedback (VMF) and cross-education training (CE) on strength, range of motion (ROM), speed, functional state and balance during experimental immobilization processes in healthy individuals, in patients with injuries that did not require surgery and in those with surgical processes that did or did not require immobilization.
EVIDENCE ACQUISITION
MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and Google Scholar were searched. Thirteen meta-analyses were conducted.
EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS
Regarding the immobilized participants, in the healthy individuals, MI showed significant results regarding maintenance of strength and ROM, with low-quality evidence. Regarding the process with no immobilization, VMF and MI techniques showed significant changes in maintaining ROM in patients with injury without surgery, with very low-quality evidence. Results had shown that MI demonstrated significantly higher maintenance of strength and speed in patients undergoing surgery, with low-quality evidence. No significant results were found in ROM. Low-quality evidence showed better results in AO plus usual care compared with usual treatment in isolation with respect to maintenance of functional state and balance. CE training demonstrated maintenance of strength in patients undergoing surgery, with moderate evidence; however, not in healthy experimentally immobilized individuals. VMF did not show significant results in maintaining ROM after surgery without immobilization, nor did MI in maintaining strength after surgery and immobilization.
CONCLUSIONS
MRT and CE training have been shown to have a significant impact on the improvement of various motor variables and on physical maintenance in general.
Topics: Feedback, Sensory; Humans; Imagery, Psychotherapy; Movement; Range of Motion, Articular
PubMed: 34105921
DOI: 10.23736/S1973-9087.21.06893-3 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2022Despite extensive literature regarding laboratory-based balance perturbations, there is no up-to-date systematic review of methods. This systematic review aimed to... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Despite extensive literature regarding laboratory-based balance perturbations, there is no up-to-date systematic review of methods. This systematic review aimed to assess current perturbation methods and outcome variables used to report participant biomechanical responses during walking.
METHODS
Web of Science, CINAHL, and PubMed online databases were searched, for records from 2015, the last search was on 30th of May 2022. Studies were included where participants were 18+ years, with or without clinical conditions, conducted in non-hospital settings. Reviews were excluded. Participant descriptive, perturbation method, outcome variables and results were extracted and summarised. Bias was assessed using the Appraisal tool for Cross-sectional Studies risk of bias assessment tool. Qualitative analysis was performed as the review aimed to investigate methods used to apply perturbations.
RESULTS
644 records were identified and 33 studies were included, totaling 779 participants. The most frequent method of balance perturbation during gait was by means of a treadmill translation. The most frequent outcome variable collected was participant step width, closely followed by step length. Most studies reported at least one spatiotemporal outcome variable. All included studies showed some risk of bias, generally related to reporting of sampling approaches. Large variations in perturbation type, duration and intensity and outcome variables were reported.
CONCLUSIONS
This review shows the wide variety of published laboratory perturbation methods. Moreover, it demonstrates the significant impact on outcome measures of a study based on the type of perturbation used.
REGISTRATION
PROSPERO ID: CRD42020211876.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Exercise Test; Gait; Humans; Postural Balance; Walking
PubMed: 35957484
DOI: 10.3390/s22155927 -
Journal of Sleep Research Dec 2021The interrelationships between sleep and daytime movement behaviours have been examined at interindividual level. Studies of within-person, temporal relationships of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The interrelationships between sleep and daytime movement behaviours have been examined at interindividual level. Studies of within-person, temporal relationships of daytime physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour with the previous and subsequent nights' sleep are increasing. The present systematic review and meta-analysis synthesised the results of studies in school-aged children and youth. Eight databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Global Health, PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and CINAHL) were searched for peer-reviewed articles that examined the association between daytime movement behaviours (including PA, sedentary time, or sedentary recreational screen time) and night-time sleep on the same day, or the association between night-time sleep and daytime movement behaviours the next day, in children and youth. A total of 11 studies comprising 9,622 children and youth aged 5-15 years met the inclusion criteria. Sedentary time was negatively associated with the subsequent night's sleep duration (r = -0.12, 95% confidence interval -0.23 to -0.00; I = 93%; p = .04). Positive relationships between PA and the previous or subsequent night's sleep duration were observed only for studies that adjusted for accelerometer wear time. There was some evidence suggesting that a longer sleep duration was associated with less sedentary time and a higher proportion of the daytime spent being physically active and vice versa, although the association was weak and based on a limited number of studies. From a clinical perspective, promotion of either sleep hygiene or daytime PA should be planned with considerations of the virtuous or vicious circle between these behaviours and monitor concurrent effects on the others.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Exercise; Humans; Sedentary Behavior; Sleep
PubMed: 34235808
DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13378 -
Applied Ergonomics May 2023The dynamic work environments of tactical athletes are difficult to replicate in a laboratory. Accelerometers and inertial measurement units provide a way to... (Review)
Review
The dynamic work environments of tactical athletes are difficult to replicate in a laboratory. Accelerometers and inertial measurement units provide a way to characterize movement in the field. This systematic review identified how accelerometers and inertial measurement units are currently being used to quantify movement patterns of tactical athletes. Seven research and military databases were searched, producing 26,228 potential articles with 78 articles included in this review. The articles studied military personnel (73.1%), firefighters (19.2%), paramedics (3.8%), and law enforcement officers (3.8%). Accelerometers were the most used type of sensor, and physical activity was the primarily reported outcome variable. Seventy of the studies had fair or poor quality. Research on firefighters, emergency medical services, and law enforcement officers was limited. Future research should strive to make quantified movement data more accessible and user-friendly for non-research personnel, thereby prompting increased use in tactical athlete groups, especially first responder agencies.
Topics: Humans; Accelerometry; Emergency Responders; Firefighters; Military Personnel; Motor Activity; Movement; Paramedics; Police
PubMed: 36841096
DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2023.103991 -
Journal of Affective Disorders Mar 2021PTSD in youth is more common and debilitating than it was previously thought. This untreated condition is highly correlated to critical mental health condition, such as... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
PTSD in youth is more common and debilitating than it was previously thought. This untreated condition is highly correlated to critical mental health condition, such as depression, anxiety disruptive-behaviours, and substance use disorders. Despite the growing number of studies investigating Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in childhood and adolescent, results have not been systematically revised since 2017. The aim of this work is to systematically reviewed all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effect of EMDR on PTSD symptoms in children and adolescent and asses whether EMDR therapy was effective to improve anxious and/or depressive symptoms.
METHODS
In a short series of articles, we will review the efficacy of EMDR on children and adolescent with PTSD and comorbid symptoms. The present brief review will focus on randomized controlled trials with an EMDR group condition compared to a control group published until January 2020.
RESULTS
eight studies (n = 150) met our inclusion criteria. Preliminary analyses showed that EMDR has a comparable efficacy to cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) in reducing PTSD, anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms and was superior to waitlist/placebo condition. Moreover EMDR seems to be more effective in a shorter period of time.
CONCLUSION
despite the small number of studies, the preliminary results suggest that EMDR therapy could be an effective treatment for children and adolescent with PTSD and anxious and/or depressive symptoms. Further research is needed to support these results.
Topics: Adolescent; Anxiety Disorders; Child; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing; Eye Movements; Humans; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 33421861
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.12.088