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Neurourology and Urodynamics Jan 2022To determine the effects of oestrogen or oestrogen deprivation on vaginal wound healing. Impaired wound healing following prolapse surgery may increase the risk of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
AIMS
To determine the effects of oestrogen or oestrogen deprivation on vaginal wound healing. Impaired wound healing following prolapse surgery may increase the risk of recurrent prolapse in the future. Vaginal oestrogen therapy may improve wound healing, hereby possibly improving surgical outcomes.
METHODS
A systematic search of OVID MEDLINE, OVID Embase, and Web of Science was conducted up to January 28, 2020. We included original studies comparing wound healing-related outcomes of oestrogen exposed subjects (female animals and women) to hypo-oestrogenic subjects after vaginal surgery. Data on wound healing-related outcome measures were extracted. For each individual comparison, the standardised mean difference (Hedges' g; SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated.
RESULTS
Of the 1474 studies reviewed, 14 studies were included for review, and 11 provided data for meta-analysis. Oestrogen improves neovascularisation (SMD: 1.13, 95% CI: 0.67-1.60), microscopic wound closure (SMD: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.66-1.29), collagen synthesis (SMD: 1.08, 95% CI: 0.42-1.74), and tissue strength (SMD: 1.26, 95% CI: 0.53-1.99) in animals. Oestrogen increases granulation (SMD: 1.67, 95% CI: 0.54-2.79) and accelerates macroscopic wound closure (SMD: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.22-2.42) in women and animals. Oestrogen decreases the inflammatory response (SMD: -0.58, 95% CI: -1.14 to -0.02) in women and animals and reduces levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 (SMD: -1.68, 95% CI: -2.52 to -0.83) in animals. All results were statistically significant.
CONCLUSIONS
Oestrogen therapy has a positive effect on vaginal wound healing. Future studies should determine whether oestrogen therapy has the potential to improve surgical outcomes.
Topics: Animals; Estrogens; Female; Humans; Vagina; Wound Healing
PubMed: 34643282
DOI: 10.1002/nau.24819 -
Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and... May 2023The occurrence of a diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a significant complication of diabetes that often precedes the need for amputation. Autologous platelet-rich plasma... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The occurrence of a diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a significant complication of diabetes that often precedes the need for amputation. Autologous platelet-rich plasma (Au-PRP), a substance abundant in various growth factors and cytokines, is increasingly being recognized as a promising method for promoting ulcer healing due to its potential similarities to the physiological wound healing process.
METHODS
The databases Medline, EMBASE, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library were systematically accessed on January 26, 2023, without any consideration for the date of publication. The selection and assessment of research studies were conducted autonomously, based on predetermined criteria and methodological standards. Two researchers gathered data and evaluated the potential for bias separately. We utilize the Stata 17.0 software to conduct data analysis and generate relevant visual representations.
RESULTS
The results of the meta-analysis indicate that autologous PRP has a significant positive effect on the healing rate (RR = 1.42, 95% CI 1.30-1.56, P < 0.001), reduces the healing time (MD = - 3.13, 95% CI - 5.86 to - 0.39, P < 0.001), accelerates the reduction of ulcer area (MD = 1.02, 95% CI 0.51-1.53, P < 0.001), decreases the rate of amputation (RR = 0.35, 95% CI 0.15-0.83, P < 0.001), and does not increase the incidence of adverse events (RR = 0.96, 95% CI 0.57-1.61, P > 0.05) when compared to conventional therapy.
CONCLUSIONS
Au-PRP therapy has been shown to facilitate the process of wound healing and represents a viable and secure therapeutic alternative for individuals with DFU.
Topics: Humans; Diabetic Foot; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Wound Healing; Platelet-Rich Plasma; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Diabetes Mellitus
PubMed: 37202812
DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-03854-x -
Cell Biochemistry and Function Mar 2024The demand for efficient and accelerated osseointegration in dental implantology has led to the exploration of innovative tissue engineering strategies. Immediate... (Review)
Review
The demand for efficient and accelerated osseointegration in dental implantology has led to the exploration of innovative tissue engineering strategies. Immediate implant loading reduces treatment duration and necessitates robust osseointegration to ensure long-term implant success. This review article discusses the current studies of tissue engineering innovations for enhancing osseointegration in immediate dental implant loading in the recent decade. Keywords "tissue engineering," "osseointegration," "immediate implant loading," and related terms were systematically searched. The review highlights the potential of bioactive materials and growth factor delivery systems in promoting osteogenic activity and accelerating bone regeneration. The in vivo experiment demonstrates significantly improved osseointegration in the experimental group compared to traditional immediate loading techniques, as evidenced by histological analyses and biomechanical assessments. It is possible to revolutionize the treatment outcomes and patient satisfaction in dental implants by integrating bioactive materials and growth factors.
Topics: Humans; Osseointegration; Immediate Dental Implant Loading; Tissue Engineering; Treatment Outcome; Osteogenesis
PubMed: 38491807
DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3974 -
Phytomedicine : International Journal... Apr 2024Stomach diseases have become global health concerns. Protoberberine alkaloids (PBAs) are a group of quaternary isoquinoline alkaloids from abundant natural sources and... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Stomach diseases have become global health concerns. Protoberberine alkaloids (PBAs) are a group of quaternary isoquinoline alkaloids from abundant natural sources and have been shown to improve gastric disorders in preclinical and clinical studies. The finding that PBAs exhibit low oral bioavailability but potent pharmacological activity has attracted great interest.
PURPOSE
This review aims to provide a systematic review of the molecular mechanisms of PBAs in the treatment of gastric disorders and to discuss the current understanding of the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of PBAs.
METHODS
The articles related to PBAs were collected from the Web of Science, Pubmed, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases using relevant keywords. The collected articles were screened and categorized according to their research content to focus on the gastroprotective effects, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity of PBAs.
RESULTS
Based on the results of preclinical studies, PBAs have demonstrated therapeutic effects on chronic atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer by activating interleukin-4 (IL-4)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) pathway and suppressing transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1)/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), Janus kinase-2 (JAK2)/signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. The major PBAs exhibit similar pharmacokinetic properties, including rapid absorption, slow elimination, and low bioavailability. Notably, the natural organ-targeting property of PBAs may account for the finding of their low blood levels and high pharmacological activity. PBAs interact with other compounds, including conventional drugs and natural products, by modulation of metabolic enzymes and transporters. The potential tissue toxicity of PBAs should be emphasized due to their high tissue accumulation.
CONCLUSION
This review highlights the gastroprotective effects, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity of PBAs and will contribute to the evaluation of drug properties and clinical translational studies of PBAs, accelerating their transfer from the laboratory to the bedside.
Topics: Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Alkaloids; Berberine Alkaloids; Drugs, Chinese Herbal
PubMed: 38367423
DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155444 -
International Journal of Molecular... Feb 2023Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder that results from genetic and environmental factors interacting and disrupting neurodevelopmental trajectories. Human Accelerated... (Review)
Review
Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder that results from genetic and environmental factors interacting and disrupting neurodevelopmental trajectories. Human Accelerated Regions (HARs) are evolutionarily conserved genomic regions that have accumulated human-specific sequence changes. Thus, studies on the impact of HARs in the context of neurodevelopment, as well as with respect to adult brain phenotypes, have increased considerably in the last few years. Through a systematic approach, we aim to offer a comprehensive review of HARs' role in terms of human brain development, configuration, and cognitive abilities, as well as whether HARs modulate the susceptibility to neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. First, the evidence in this review highlights HARs' molecular functions in the context of the neurodevelopmental regulatory genetic machinery. Second, brain phenotypic analyses indicate that HAR genes' expression spatially correlates with the regions that suffered human-specific cortical expansion, as well as with the regional interactions for synergistic information processing. Lastly, studies based on candidate HAR genes and the global "HARome" variability describe the involvement of these regions in the genetic background of schizophrenia, but also in other neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders. Overall, the data considered in this review emphasise the crucial role of HARs in human-specific neurodevelopment processes and encourage future research on this evolutionary marker for a better understanding of the genetic basis of schizophrenia and other neurodevelopmental-related psychiatric disorders. Accordingly, HARs emerge as interesting genomic regions that require further study in order to bridge the neurodevelopmental and evolutionary hypotheses in schizophrenia and other related disorders and phenotypes.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Biological Evolution; Brain; Cognition; Genome; Neurodevelopmental Disorders; Schizophrenia
PubMed: 36835010
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043597 -
Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection... Apr 2020Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (MRCoNS) are among the main causes of nosocomial... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The global prevalence of Daptomycin, Tigecycline, Quinupristin/Dalfopristin, and Linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci strains: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
OBJECTIVE
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (MRCoNS) are among the main causes of nosocomial infections, which have caused major problems in recent years due to continuously increasing spread of various antibiotic resistance features. Apparently, vancomycin is still an effective antibiotic for treatment of infections caused by these bacteria but in recent years, additional resistance phenotypes have led to the accelerated introduction of newer agents such as linezolid, tigecycline, daptomycin, and quinupristin/dalfopristin (Q/D). Due to limited data availability on the global rate of resistance to these antibiotics, in the present study, the resistance rates of S. aureus, Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and CoNS to these antibiotics were collected.
METHOD
Several databases including web of science, EMBASE, and Medline (via PubMed), were searched (September 2018) to identify those studies that address MRSA, and CONS resistance to linezolid, tigecycline, daptomycin, and Q/D around the world.
RESULT
Most studies that reported resistant staphylococci were from the United States, Canada, and the European continent, while African and Asian countries reported the least resistance to these antibiotics. Our results showed that linezolid had the best inhibitory effect on S. aureus. Although resistances to this antibiotic have been reported from different countries, however, due to the high volume of the samples and the low number of resistance, in terms of statistical analyzes, the resistance to this antibiotic is zero. Moreover, linezolid, daptomycin and tigecycline effectively (99.9%) inhibit MRSA. Studies have shown that CoNS with 0.3% show the lowest resistance to linezolid and daptomycin, while analyzes introduced tigecycline with 1.6% resistance as the least effective antibiotic for these bacteria. Finally, MRSA and CoNS had a greater resistance to Q/D with 0.7 and 0.6%, respectively and due to its significant side effects and drug-drug interactions; it appears that its use is subject to limitations.
CONCLUSION
The present study shows that resistance to new agents is low in staphylococci and these antibiotics can still be used for treatment of staphylococcal infections in the world.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Coagulase; Cross Infection; Daptomycin; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Global Health; Humans; Linezolid; Prevalence; Staphylococcus; Staphylococcus aureus; Tigecycline; Virginiamycin
PubMed: 32321574
DOI: 10.1186/s13756-020-00714-9 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Nov 2023Many infants are fed infant formulas to promote growth. Some formulas have a high protein content (≥ 2.5 g per 100 kcal) to accelerate weight gain during the first... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Many infants are fed infant formulas to promote growth. Some formulas have a high protein content (≥ 2.5 g per 100 kcal) to accelerate weight gain during the first year of life. The risk-benefit balance of these formulas is unclear.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the benefits and harms of higher protein intake versus lower protein intake in healthy, formula-fed term infants.
SEARCH METHODS
We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, LILACS, OpenGrey, clinical trial registries, and conference proceedings in October 2022.
SELECTION CRITERIA
We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of healthy formula-fed infants (those fed only formula and those given formula as a complementary food). We included infants of any sex or ethnicity who were fed infant formula for at least three consecutive months at any time from birth. We excluded quasi-randomized trials, observational studies, and infants with congenital malformations or serious underlying diseases. We defined high protein content as 2.5 g or more per 100 kcal, and low protein content as less than 1.8 g per 100 kcal (for exclusive formula feeding) or less than 1.7 g per 100 kcal (for complementary formula feeding).
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Four review authors independently assessed the risk of bias and extracted data from trials, and a fifth review author resolved discrepancies. We performed random-effects meta-analyses, calculating risk ratios (RRs) or Peto odds ratios (Peto ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for dichotomous outcomes, and mean differences (MDs) with 95% CIs for continuous outcomes. We used the GRADE approach to evaluate the certainty of the evidence.
MAIN RESULTS
We included 11 RCTs (1185 infants) conducted in high-income countries. Seven trials (1629 infants) compared high-protein formula against standard-protein formula, and four trials (256 infants) compared standard-protein formula against low-protein formula. The longest follow-up was 11 years. High-protein formula versus standard-protein formula We found very low-certainty evidence that feeding healthy term infants high-protein formula compared to standard-protein formula has little or no effect on underweight (MD in weight-for-age z-score 0.05 SDs, 95% CI -0.09 to 0.19; P = 0.51, I = 61%; 7 studies, 1629 participants), stunting (MD in height-for-age z-score 0.15 SDs, 95% CI -0.05 to 0.35; P = 0.14, I = 73%; 7 studies, 1629 participants), and wasting (MD in weight-for-height z-score -0.12 SDs, 95% CI -0.31 to 0.07; P = 0.20, I = 94%; 7 studies, 1629 participants) in the first year of life. We found very low-certainty evidence that feeding healthy infants high-protein formula compared to standard-protein formula has little or no effect on the occurrence of overweight (RR 1.26, 95% CI 0.63 to 2.51; P = 0.51; 1 study, 1090 participants) or obesity (RR 1.96, 95% CI 0.59 to 6.48; P = 0.27; 1 study, 1090 participants) at five years of follow-up. No studies reported all-cause mortality. Feeding healthy infants high-protein formula compared to standard-protein formula may have little or no effect on the occurrence of adverse events such as diarrhea, vomiting, or milk hypersensitivity (RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.76 to 1.13; P = 0.44, I = 0%; 4 studies, 445 participants; low-certainty evidence) in the first year of life. Standard-protein formula versus low-protein formula We found very low-certainty evidence that feeding healthy infants standard-protein formula compared to low-protein formula has little or no effect on underweight (MD in weight-for-age z-score 0.0, 95% CI -0.43 to 0.43; P = 0.99, I = 81%; 4 studies, 256 participants), stunting (MD in height-for-age z-score -0.01, 95% CI -0.36 to 0.35; P = 0.96, I = 73%; 4 studies, 256 participants), and wasting (MD in weight-for-height z-score 0.13, 95% CI -0.29 to 0.56; P = 0.54, I = 95%; 4 studies, 256 participants) in the first year of life. No studies reported overweight, obesity, or all-cause mortality. Feeding healthy infants standard-protein formula compared to low-protein formula may have little or no effect on the occurrence of adverse events such as diarrhea, vomiting, or milk hypersensitivity (Peto OR 1.55, 95% CI 0.70 to 3.40; P = 0.28, I = 0%; 2 studies, 206 participants; low-certainty evidence) in the first four months of life.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
We are unsure if feeding healthy infants high-protein formula compared to standard-protein formula has an effect on undernutrition, overweight, or obesity. There may be little or no difference in the risk of adverse effects between infants fed with high-protein formula versus those fed with standard-protein formula. We are unsure if feeding healthy infants standard-protein formula compared to low-protein formula has any effect on undernutrition. There may be little or no difference in the risk of adverse effects between infants fed with standard-protein formula versus those fed with low-protein formula. The findings of six ongoing studies and two studies awaiting classification studies may change the conclusions of this review.
Topics: Infant; Humans; Milk Hypersensitivity; Overweight; Thinness; Growth Disorders; Obesity; Malnutrition; Diarrhea; Vomiting
PubMed: 37929831
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD013758.pub2 -
Psychological Bulletin Sep 2020Life history theory argues that exposure to early life adversity (ELA) accelerates development, although existing evidence for this varies. We present a meta-analysis... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Life history theory argues that exposure to early life adversity (ELA) accelerates development, although existing evidence for this varies. We present a meta-analysis and systematic review testing the hypothesis that ELA involving threat (e.g., violence exposure) will be associated with accelerated biological aging across multiple metrics, whereas exposure to deprivation (e.g., neglect, institutional rearing) and low-socioeconomic status (SES) will not. We meta-analyze 54 studies ( = 116,010) examining associations of ELA with pubertal timing and cellular aging (telomere length and DNA methylation age), systematically review 25 studies ( = 3,253) examining ELA and neural markers of accelerated development (cortical thickness and amygdala-prefrontal cortex functional connectivity) and evaluate whether associations of ELA with biological aging vary according to the nature of adversity experienced. ELA overall was associated with accelerated pubertal timing ( = -0.10) and cellular aging ( = -0.21), but these associations varied by adversity type. Moderator analysis revealed that ELA characterized by threat was associated with accelerated pubertal development ( = -0.26) and accelerated cellular aging ( = -0.43), but deprivation and SES were unrelated to accelerated development. Systematic review revealed associations between ELA and accelerated cortical thinning, with threat-related ELA consistently associated with thinning in ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and deprivation and SES associated with thinning in frontoparietal, default, and visual networks. There was no consistent association of ELA with amygdala-PFC connectivity. These findings suggest specificity in the types of early environmental experiences associated with accelerated biological aging and highlight the importance of evaluating how accelerated aging contributes to health disparities and whether this process can be mitigated through early intervention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Adolescent; Adverse Childhood Experiences; Aging; Aging, Premature; Biomarkers; Brain; Cellular Senescence; Child; Child Abuse; DNA Methylation; Food Insecurity; Humans; Psychosocial Deprivation; Puberty; Social Class; Violence
PubMed: 32744840
DOI: 10.1037/bul0000270 -
BMC Public Health Dec 2023Despite several strategies exist for anemia prevention and control, it has been the major public health important problem in the world. Numerous immediate and long-term... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
Despite several strategies exist for anemia prevention and control, it has been the major public health important problem in the world. Numerous immediate and long-term health issues were reported in children who have history of anemia including decreased work productivity in adult hood period. Although analyzing data on burden and risk factors of anemia are the recommended action areas of World Health Organization framework for accelerating anemia reduction, the aggregated national burden and contributors of anemia in Ethiopia has not been determined so far. There for, this systematic and meta-analysis study is aimed to assess the pooled prevalence and associated factors of anemia among children aged 6-23 months in Ethiopia.
METHODS
The electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, Science Direct, Google scholar and institutional repositories were searched using search terms. The studies that reported the prevalence and/or risk factors of anemia in children 6-23 months of age were included. The JBI quality assessment tool was used to evaluate the quality of each study. The data was extracted with Microsoft Excel, 2019 and analyzed with STATA 17.0 statistical software. A random effect model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of anemia and its associated factors. The Cochrane Q-test statistics and I test were used to measure heterogeneity between the included studies. Furthermore, publication bias was examined using the funnel plot graph and statistical tests (Egger's and begg tests). Outliers also visualized using Galbraith plot. When necessary, sensitivity analysis was also employed to detect small study effect.
RESULT
Ten studies with a total population of 14, 733 were included for analysis. The pooled prevalence of anemia among children aged 6-23 months of age in Ethiopia was found to be 57.76% (95%CI; 51.61-63.91; I = 97.192%; p < 0.001). Having history of diarrhea AOR = 2.44 (95%CI: 1.03-3.85), being stunted AOR = 2.00 (95%CI: 1.38-2.61), living in food insecure house hold AOR = 2.08 (95%CI: 1.10-3.07), consuming less diversified food AOR = 2.73 (95%CI: 2.06-3.39) and being 6-11 months of age AOR = 1.59 (95%CI: 1.23-1.95) were associated with anemia.
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
The prevalence of anemia is in the range of severe public health problem among children aged 6-23 months in Ethiopia. Diarrhea, stunting, house hold food insecurity, dietary diversity, and age were the predictors of anemia. Further, prospective cohort and random controlled trial studies are recommended. Further, random controlled trial especially effectiveness of nutritional education interventions trial is important. To reduce prevalence of anemia, strengthening diarrhea reduction program, securing household food insecurity, preventing stunting, giving special attention for infants age 6-11 months and encouraging food diversification are important.
Topics: Infant; Humans; Child; Ethiopia; Prevalence; Prospective Studies; Anemia; Diarrhea; Growth Disorders
PubMed: 38042804
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17330-y -
European Journal of Cancer (Oxford,... Mar 2023Although anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (RTKIs) have been tested in patients with neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) over... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Efficacy and toxicity of anti-vascular endothelial growth receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors in patients with neuroendocrine tumours - A systematic review and meta-analysis.
AIM
Although anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (RTKIs) have been tested in patients with neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) over the last two decades, no study to date has benchmarked efficacy and toxicity of these drugs in this patient population.
METHODS
All phase II and phase III studies of anti-VEGF RTKIs in patients with NETs, published between January 1, 2000 andJuly 31, 2021, across major trial databases, were searched in August 2021 for relevant studies. The primary objectives of the meta-analysis were to compare objective response rate (ORR) and progression-free survival (PFS) between patients with pancreatic NETs (pNETs) and extra-pancreatic NETs (epNETs), and the incidence rate ratio (IRR) of adverse events between patients receiving anti-VEGF RTKIs and control.
RESULTS
1611 patients were available for the meta-analysis; 1194 received anti-VEGF RTKIs. ORR in pNETs was 18% (95% confidence interval (CI) 13-25%), while ORR in epNETs was 8% (95% CI 5-12%); test for differences between pNETs and epNETs (x12 = 8.38, p < .01). Median PFS in pNETs was 13.9 months (95% CI 11.43-16.38 months), while median PFS in epNETs was 12.71 months (95% CI 9.37-16.05 months); test for differences between pNETs and epNETs (x12 = .35, p = .55). With regards to common grade 3/4 adverse events , patients who received anti-VEGF RTKIs were more likely to experience hypertension (IRR 3.04, 95% CI 1.63-5.65) and proteinuria (IRR 5.79, 95% CI 1.09-30.74) in comparison to those who received control.
CONCLUSIONS
Anti-VEGF RTKIs demonstrate anti-tumour effect in both pNETs and epNETs, supporting their development in both populations. These agents also appear to be safe in patients with NETs.
Topics: Humans; Neuroendocrine Tumors; Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive
PubMed: 36738541
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2022.12.031