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Cell Biology International Nov 2023Breast cancer is a commonly known cancer type and the leading cause of cancer death among females. One of the unresolved problems in cancer treatment is the increased... (Review)
Review
Breast cancer is a commonly known cancer type and the leading cause of cancer death among females. One of the unresolved problems in cancer treatment is the increased resistance of the tumor to existing treatments, which is a direct result of apoptotic defects. Calculating an alternative to cell death (autophagy) may be the ultimate solution to maximizing cancer cell death. Our aim in this study was to investigate the potential of free nanoparticles (un-drug-loaded) in the induction or inhibition of autophagy and consider this effect on the therapy process. When the studies met the inclusion criteria, the full texts of all relevant articles were carefully examined and classified. Of the 25 articles included in the analysis, carried out on MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-231-TXSA, MDA-MB-468, SUM1315, and 4T1 cell lines. Twenty in vitro studies and five in vivo/in vitro studies applied five different autophagy tests: Acridine orange, western blot, Cyto-ID Autophagy Detection Kit, confocal microscope, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Nanoparticles (NPs) in the basic format, including Ag, Au, Y O , Se, ZnO, CuO, Al, Fe, vanadium pentoxide, and liposomes, were prepared in the included articles. Three behaviors of NPs related to autophagy were seen: induction, inhibition, and no action. Screened and presented data suggest that most of the involved free NPs (metallic NPs) in this systematic review had reactive oxygen species-mediated pathways with autophagy induction (36%). Also, PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways were mentioned in just four studies (16%). An impressive percentage of studies (31%) did not examine the NP-related autophagy pathway.
PubMed: 37671447
DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12081 -
Journal of Gynecology Obstetrics and... Apr 2020A high sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) influences human reproduction and is observed in infertile men. However, the influence of DFI on unexplained recurrent... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
A high sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) influences human reproduction and is observed in infertile men. However, the influence of DFI on unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) remains controversial.
OBJECTIVE
We explored the influence of DFI on unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion.
DATA SOURCES
We conducted a meta-analysis of DFI (assessed by sperm chromatin structure assay(SCSA), terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine (TdT)triphosphate (dUTP) nick end labeling assay(TUNEL), sperm chromatin dispersion(SCD), single cell gel electrophoresis assay(COMET assay), and acridine orange test(AOT) with unexplained RSA from the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Pubmed and Web of Science database.
METHODS
Records were screened for eligible studies and data were extracted to an online data extraction form. The main outcome was the sperm DFI. Summary measures were reported as the mean difference(MD) and Odds Ratio(OR) with 95 % confifidence interval (CI).
RESULT
We identified 27 articles including 3, 2, 9, 9, and 8 studies using AO, COMET, SCSA, SCD and TUNEL respectively; 7 articles used qualitative methods and 21 articles used in quantitative methods. The combined MD estimates of 7 SCSA studies (MD=5.4; 95 % CI: 1.76-9.03; P<0.01), 9 SCD studies (MD=11.16; 95 % CI:6.70-15.62; P<0.01), and 8 TUNEL studies (MD=12.12; 95 % CI: 3.34-20.91; P<0.01) showed significant differences. Notably, qualitative studies showed consistent results with quantitative studies.
CONCLUSION(S)
These findings support an association between sperm DFI and recurrent pregnancy loss. Previous studies revealed that DFI negatively impacts unexplained RSA.
PubMed: 32348878
DOI: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2020.101740 -
Comparative Biochemistry and... Jun 2022Emerging pollutants (EPs) are causative for teratogenic and reproductive effects. EPs are detected in all the environmental matrices at higher levels. A suitable model... (Review)
Review
Emerging pollutants (EPs) are causative for teratogenic and reproductive effects. EPs are detected in all the environmental matrices at higher levels. A suitable model for aquatic toxicity assessment is Hydra, because of morphological, behavioral, reproductive (sexual and asexual), and biochemical changes. Many researchers have used Hydra for toxicity assessment of organic chemicals (BPA), heavy metals, pharmaceuticals, nanomaterials and microplastics. Various Hydra species were used for environmental toxicity studies; however H. magnipapillata was predominantly used due to the availability of its genome and proteome sequences. Teratogenic and reproductive changes in Hydra are species specific. Teratogenic effects were studied using sterozoom dissecting microscope, acridine orange (AO) and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DPAI) staining. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by EPs had been understood by the Dichlorodihydrofluorescein Diacetate (DCFDA) staining and comet assay. Multiple advanced techniques would aid to understand the effects at molecular level, such as real-time PCR, rapid amplification of cDNA end- PCR. EPs modulated the major antioxidant enzyme levels, therefore, defense mechanism was affected by the higher generation of reactive oxygen species. Genome sequencing helps to know the mode of action of pollutants, role of enzymes in detoxification, defense genes and stress responsive genes. Molecular techniques were used to obtain the information for evolutionary changes of genes and modulation of gene expression by EPs.
Topics: Animals; Hydra; Microplastics; Models, Animal; Reactive Oxygen Species; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 35227876
DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109320