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European Radiology Oct 2022To identify reliable MRI features for differentiating autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and to summarize their diagnostic... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVES
To identify reliable MRI features for differentiating autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and to summarize their diagnostic accuracy.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis using PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library to identify original articles published between January 2006 and July 2021. The pooled diagnostic accuracy, including the diagnostic odds ratios (DORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the identified features, was calculated using a bivariate random effects model.
RESULTS
Twelve studies were included, and 92 overlapping descriptors were subsumed under 16 MRI features. Ten features favoring AIP were diffuse enlargement (DOR, 75; 95% CI, 9-594), capsule-like rim (DOR, 52; 95% CI, 20-131), multiple main pancreatic duct (MPD) strictures (DOR, 47; 95% CI, 17-129), homogeneous delayed enhancement (DOR, 46; 95% CI, 21-104), low apparent diffusion coefficient value (DOR, 30), speckled enhancement (DOR, 30), multiple pancreatic masses (DOR, 29), tapered narrowing of MPD (DOR, 15), penetrating duct sign (DOR, 14), and delayed enhancement (DOR, 13). Six features favoring PDAC were target type enhancement (DOR, 41; 95% CI, 11-158), discrete pancreatic mass (DOR, 35; 95% CI, 15-80), upstream MPD dilatation (DOR, 13), peripancreatic fat infiltration (DOR, 10), upstream parenchymal atrophy (DOR, 5), and vascular involvement (DOR, 3).
CONCLUSION
This study identified 16 informative MRI features to differentiate AIP from PDAC. Among them, diffuse enlargement, capsule-like rim, multiple MPD strictures, and homogeneous delayed enhancement favored AIP with the highest DORs, whereas discrete mass and target type enhancement favored PDAC.
KEY POINTS
• The MRI features with the highest pooled diagnostic odds ratios (DORs) for autoimmune pancreatitis were diffuse enlargement of the pancreas (75), capsule-like rim (52), multiple strictures of the main pancreatic duct (47), and homogeneous delayed enhancement (46). • The MRI features with the highest pooled DORs for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma were target type enhancement (41) and discrete pancreatic mass (35).
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Autoimmune Diseases; Autoimmune Pancreatitis; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal; Constriction, Pathologic; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 35486167
DOI: 10.1007/s00330-022-08816-1 -
Cellular Oncology (Dordrecht) Feb 2023As a malignant tumor, pancreatic cancer has an extremely low overall 5-year survival rate. Pancreatic adenosquamous carcinoma (PASC), a rare pancreatic malignancy, owns... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
As a malignant tumor, pancreatic cancer has an extremely low overall 5-year survival rate. Pancreatic adenosquamous carcinoma (PASC), a rare pancreatic malignancy, owns clinical presentation similar to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which is the most prevalent pancreatic cancer subtype. PASC is generally defined as a pancreatic tumor consisting mainly of adenocarcinoma tissue and squamous carcinoma tissue. Compared with PDAC, PASC has a higher metastatic potential and worse prognosis, and lacks of effective treatment options to date. However, the pathogenesis and treatment of PASC are not yet clear and are accompanied with difficulties.
CONCLUSION
The present paper systematically summarizes the possible pathogenesis, diagnosis methods, and further suggests potential new treatment directions through reviewing research results of PASC, including the clinical manifestations, pathological manifestation, the original hypothesis of squamous carcinoma and the potential regulatory mechanism. In short, the present paper provides a systematic review of the research progress and new ideas for the development mechanism and treatment of PASC.
Topics: Humans; Carcinoma, Adenosquamous; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Adenocarcinoma
PubMed: 36316580
DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00732-2 -
Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics Aug 2021Villoglandular adenocarcinoma (VGA) of the uterine cervix has been classified as a rare subtype of cervical adenocarcinoma with good prognosis. A conservative surgical... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PURPOSE
Villoglandular adenocarcinoma (VGA) of the uterine cervix has been classified as a rare subtype of cervical adenocarcinoma with good prognosis. A conservative surgical approach is considered feasible. The main risk factor is the presence of other histologic types of cancer. In this largest systematic review to date, we assess oncological outcomes associated with conservative therapy compared to those associated with invasive management in the treatment of stage Ia and Ib VGA.
METHODS
Case series and case reports identified by searching the PubMed database were eligible for inclusion in this review (stage Ia-Ib).
RESULTS
A total of 271 patients were included in our literature review. 54 (20%) patients were treated by "conservative management" (conization, simple hysterectomy, and trachelectomy) and 217 (80%) by "invasive management" (radical hysterectomy ± radiation, hysterectomy, and radiation). Recurrences of disease (RODs) were found in the conservative group in two (4%) cases and in the invasive group in nine (4%) cases. There was no significant difference in disease-free survival (DFS) according to conservative or invasive treatment (p = 0.75). The histology of VGA may be complex with underlying usual adenocarcinoma (UAC) combined with VGA.
CONCLUSION
The excellent prognosis of pure VGA and the young age of the patients may justify the management of this tumor using a less radical procedure. The histological diagnosis of VGA is a challenge, and pretreatment should not be based solely on a simple punch biopsy but rather a conization with wide tumor-free margins.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Conservative Treatment; Female; Humans; Hysterectomy; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Pregnancy; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
PubMed: 34036437
DOI: 10.1007/s00404-021-06077-9 -
European Journal of Surgical Oncology :... Sep 2022Pancreatic cancer represents one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Pancreatic cancer represents one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC), normothermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (NIPEC), and pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC) has been proven with curative intent mainly for other tumors and there is a lack of consensus regarding possible benefits also in pancreatic cancer. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aim to provide an up-to-date overview of the effectiveness and safety of intraperitoneal treatments in the management of pancreatic cancer.
METHODS
A systematic review of articles was conducted according to PRISMA and AMSTAR-2 guidelines. 11 studies were included in the analysis.
RESULTS
We included in our analysis 212 patients subdivided in three groups: 64 in the HIPEC group (57 with prophylactic intent and 7 with curative intent), 55 in the PIPAC group and 93 in the NIPEC group. Primary outcomes were represented by survival rates; we evidenced at an observation time of three years a survival of 24% in the HIPEC group (25.5% in the prophylactic arm and 6.2% in the curative arm), 5.3% in the PIPAC group and 7.9% in the NIPEC group.
CONCLUSIONS
HIPEC could be considered as a promising technique for prophylaxis and treatment of peritoneal metastasis (PM) in case of borderline resectable and locally advanced disease. Increased survival rates emerged without additional morbidity when surgical resection and CRS are possible. In addition, our data about PIPAC and NIPEC as palliative treatment in unresectable disease seems to identify more favorable survival rates compared to literature.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Aerosols; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Combined Modality Therapy; Cytoreduction Surgical Procedures; Humans; Hyperthermia, Induced; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Peritoneal Neoplasms
PubMed: 35688711
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2022.05.030 -
European Radiology Dec 2023To determine informational CT findings for distinguishing autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and to review their diagnostic... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVES
To determine informational CT findings for distinguishing autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and to review their diagnostic accuracy.
METHODS
A systematic and detailed literature review was performed through PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane library. Similar descriptors to embody the identical image finding were labeled as a single CT characteristic. We calculated the pooled diagnostic odds ratios (DORs) of each CT characteristic using a bivariate random-effects model.
RESULTS
A total of 145 various descriptors from 15 studies (including 562 AIP and 869 PDAC patients) were categorized into 16 CT characteristics. According to the pooled DOR, 16 CT characteristics were classified into three groups (suggesting AIP, suggesting PDAC, and not informational). Seven characteristics suggesting AIP were diffuse pancreatic enlargement (DOR, 48), delayed homogeneous enhancement (DOR, 46), capsule-like rim (DOR, 34), multiple pancreatic masses (DOR, 16), renal involvement (DOR, 15), retroperitoneal fibrosis (DOR, 13), and bile duct involvement (DOR, 8). Delayed homogeneous enhancement showed a pooled sensitivity of 83% and specificity of 85%. The other six characteristics showed relatively low sensitivity (12-63%) but high specificity (93-99%). Four characteristics suggesting PDAC were discrete pancreatic mass (DOR, 23), pancreatic duct cutoff (DOR, 16), upstream main pancreatic duct dilatation (DOR, 8), and upstream parenchymal atrophy (DOR, 7).
CONCLUSION
Eleven CT characteristics were informational to distinguish AIP from PDAC. Diffuse pancreatic enlargement, delayed homogeneous enhancement, and capsule-like rim suggested AIP with the highest DORs, whereas discrete pancreatic mass suggested PDAC. However, pooled sensitivities of informational CT characteristics were moderate.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT
This meta-analysis underscores eleven distinctive CT characteristics that aid in differentiating autoimmune pancreatitis from pancreatic adenocarcinoma, potentially preventing misdiagnoses in patients presenting with focal/diffuse pancreatic enlargement.
KEY POINTS
• Diffuse pancreatic enlargement (pooled diagnostic odds ratio [DOR], 48), delayed homogeneous enhancement (46), and capsule-like rim (34) were CT characteristics suggesting autoimmune pancreatitis. • The CT characteristics suggesting autoimmune pancreatitis, except delayed homogeneous enhancement, had a general tendency to show relatively low sensitivity (12-63%) but high specificity (93-99%). • Discrete pancreatic mass (pooled diagnostic odds ratio, 23) was the CT characteristic suggesting pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with the highest pooled DORs.
Topics: Humans; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Autoimmune Pancreatitis; Pancreatitis; Adenocarcinoma; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Autoimmune Diseases; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal; Diagnosis, Differential
PubMed: 37466708
DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-09959-5 -
Translational Research : the Journal of... Jun 2022Extensive research is focused on the role of liquid biopsy in pancreatic cancer since reliable diagnostic and follow-up biomarkers represent an unmet need for this... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Extensive research is focused on the role of liquid biopsy in pancreatic cancer since reliable diagnostic and follow-up biomarkers represent an unmet need for this highly lethal malignancy. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on the prognostic value of exosomal biomarkers in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and CENTRAL were systematically searched on the 18th of January, 2021 for studies reporting on the differences in overall (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in PDAC patients with positive vs negative exosomal biomarkers isolated from blood. The random-effects model estimated pooled multivariate-adjusted (AHR) and univariate hazard ratios (UHRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Eleven studies comprising 634 patients were eligible for meta-analysis. Detection of positive exosomal biomarkers indicated increased risk of mortality (UHR = 2.81, CI:1.31-6,00, I = 88.7%, P < 0.001), and progression (UHR = 3.33, CI: 2.33-4.77, I = 0, P = 0.879) across various disease stages. Positive exosomal biomarkers identified preoperatively revealed a higher risk of mortality in resectable stages (UHR = 5.55, CI: 3.24-9.49, I = 0, P = 0.898). The risk of mortality in unresectable stages was not significantly increased with positive exosomal biomarkers (UHR = 2.51, CI: 0.55-11.43, I = 90.3%, P < 0.001). Detectable exosomal micro ribonucleic acids were associated with a decreased OS (UHR = 4.08, CI: 2.16-7.69, I = 46.9%, P = 0.152) across various stages. Our results reflect the potential of exosomal biomarkers for prognosis evaluation in PDAC. The associated heterogeneity reflects the variability of study methods and need for their uniformization before transition to clinical use.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal; Exosomes; Humans; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Prognosis
PubMed: 35066189
DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.01.001 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2023Sinonasal neoplasms are uncommon diseases, characterized by heterogeneous biological behavior, which frequently results in challenges in differential diagnosis and... (Review)
Review
Sinonasal neoplasms are uncommon diseases, characterized by heterogeneous biological behavior, which frequently results in challenges in differential diagnosis and treatment choice. The aim of this review was to examine the pathogenesis and molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of tumor initiation and growth, in order to better define diagnostic and therapeutic strategies as well as the prognostic impact of these rare neoplasms. A systematic review according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis criteria was conducted between September and November 2022. The authors considered the three main histological patterns of sinonasal tumors, namely Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Intestinal-Type Adenocarcinoma, and Olfactory Neuroblastoma. In total, 246 articles were eventually included in the analysis. The genetic and epigenetic changes underlying the oncogenic process were discussed, through a qualitative synthesis of the included studies. The identification of a comprehensive model of carcinogenesis for each sinonasal cancer subtype is needed, in order to pave the way toward tailored treatment approaches and improve survival for this rare and challenging group of cancers.
Topics: Humans; Adenocarcinoma; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Nose Neoplasms; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms; Paranasal Sinuses
PubMed: 36768990
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032670 -
Surgical Oncology Dec 2023Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a challenging disease, with surgery being the only possible cure. However, despite surgery, the majority of patients... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Prognostic utility of preoperative and postoperative KRAS-mutated circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a challenging disease, with surgery being the only possible cure. However, despite surgery, the majority of patients experience recurrence. Recent evidence suggests that perioperative KRAS-mutated circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) may have prognostic value. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the prognostic significance of preoperative and postoperative KRAS-mutated ctDNA testing in resected PDAC.
METHODS
We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases for studies that reported the effect of preoperative and postoperative KRAS-mutated ctDNA on overall survival (OS) and/or relapse-free survival (RFS) in resected PDAC. We used a random-effects model to determine the pooled OS and RFS hazard ratios (HR) and their corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (CI).
RESULTS
We identified 15 studies (868 patients) eligible for analysis. In the preoperative setting, positive ctDNA correlated with worse RFS in 8 studies (HR, 2.067; 95 % CI, 1.346-3.174, P < 0.001) and worse OS in 10 studies (HR, 2.170; 95 % CI, 1.451-3.245, P < 0.001) compared to negative ctDNA. In the postoperative setting, positive ctDNA correlated with worse RFS across 9 studies (HR, 3.32; 95 % CI, 2.19-5.03, P < 0.001) and worse OS in 6 studies (HR, 6.62; 95 % CI, 2.18-20.16, P < 0.001) compared to negative ctDNA.
CONCLUSION
Our meta-analysis supports the utility of preoperative and postoperative KRAS-mutated ctDNA testing as a prognostic marker for resected PDAC. Further controlled studies are warranted to confirm these results and to investigate the potential therapeutic implications of positive KRAS-mutated ctDNA.
Topics: Humans; Prognosis; Circulating Tumor DNA; Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras); Mutation; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Biomarkers, Tumor
PubMed: 37852124
DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2023.102007 -
International Journal of Clinical... Mar 2021It is well known that surgery is the mainstay treatment for duodenal adenocarcinoma. However, the optimal extent of surgery is still under debate. We aimed to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
It is well known that surgery is the mainstay treatment for duodenal adenocarcinoma. However, the optimal extent of surgery is still under debate. We aimed to systematically review and perform a meta-analysis of limited resection (LR) and pancreatoduodenectomy for patients with duodenal adenocarcinoma. A systematic electronic database search of the literature was performed using PubMed and the Cochrane Library. All studies comparing LR and pancreatoduodenectomy for patients with duodenal adenocarcinoma were selected. Long-term overall survival was considered as the primary outcome, and perioperative morbidity and mortality as the secondary outcomes. Fifteen studies with a total of 3166 patients were analyzed; 995 and 1498 patients were treated with limited resection and pancreatoduodenectomy, respectively. Eight and 7 studies scored a low and intermediate risk of publication bias, respectively. The LR group had a more favorable result than the pancreatoduodenectomy group in overall morbidity (odd ratio [OR]: 0.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.17-0.65) and postoperative pancreatic fistula (OR: 0.13, 95% CI 0.04-0.43). Mortality (OR: 0.96, 95% CI 0.70-1.33) and overall survival (OR: 0.61, 95% CI 0.33-1.13) were not significantly different between the two groups, although comparison of the two groups stratified by prognostic factors, such as T categories, was not possible due to a lack of detailed data. LR showed long-term outcomes equivalent to those of pancreatoduodenectomy, while the perioperative morbidity rates were lower. LR could be an option for selected duodenal adenocarcinoma patients with appropriate location or depth of invasion, although further studies are required.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Anastomosis, Surgical; Duodenal Neoplasms; Humans; Pancreatectomy; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Pancreaticoduodenectomy
PubMed: 33386555
DOI: 10.1007/s10147-020-01840-5 -
World Journal of Surgical Oncology Feb 2024Invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma of the lung (IMA) is a unique and rare subtype of lung adenocarcinoma with poorly defined prognostic factors and highly controversial... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma of the lung (IMA) is a unique and rare subtype of lung adenocarcinoma with poorly defined prognostic factors and highly controversial studies. Hence, this study aimed to comprehensively identify and summarize the prognostic factors associated with IMA.
METHODS
A comprehensive search of relevant literature was conducted in the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases from their inception until June 2023. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) of overall survival (OS) and/or disease-free survival (DFS) were obtained to evaluate potential prognostic factors.
RESULTS
A total of 1062 patients from 11 studies were included. In univariate analysis, we found that gender, age, TNM stage, smoking history, lymph node metastasis, pleural metastasis, spread through air spaces (STAS), tumor size, pathological grade, computed tomography (CT) findings of consolidative-type morphology, pneumonia type, and well-defined heterogeneous ground-glass opacity (GGO) were risk factors for IMA, and spiculated margin sign was a protective factor. In multivariate analysis, smoking history, lymph node metastasis, pathological grade, STAS, tumor size, and pneumonia type sign were found to be risk factors. There was not enough evidence that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) mutations, CT signs of lobulated margin, and air bronchogram were related to the prognosis for IMA.
CONCLUSION
In this study, we comprehensively analyzed prognostic factors for invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma of the lung in univariate and multivariate analyses of OS and/or DFS. Finally, 12 risk factors and 1 protective factor were identified. These findings may help guide the clinical management of patients with invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma of the lung.
Topics: Humans; Adenocarcinoma of Lung; Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous; Lung; Lung Neoplasms; Lymphatic Metastasis; Neoplasm Staging; Pneumonia; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; Male; Female
PubMed: 38303008
DOI: 10.1186/s12957-024-03326-4