-
Systemic adiponectin levels in colorectal cancer and adenoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International Journal of Obesity (2005) Oct 2023Obesity is a well-established risk factor in the development of colorectal cancer; however, the mechanism mediating this relationship is not well understood. The... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Obesity is a well-established risk factor in the development of colorectal cancer; however, the mechanism mediating this relationship is not well understood. The adipokine, adiponectin, has an inverse relationship with obesity. Experimental studies have shown adiponectin to have dichotomous inflammatory and tumorigenic roles. Its role in the development of colorectal cancer, including the potential effect of its increase following bariatric surgery, is not yet clear. There are conflicting results from studies evaluating this relationship. This study sought to provide a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the association between systemic adiponectin levels in patients with colorectal cancer and adenoma.
METHODS
An electronic literature search was performed using PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science as well as gray literature. Articles were screened for inclusion criteria and assessed for quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Pooled mean differences were calculated using a random effects model. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were performed to identify potential sources of heterogeneity.
RESULTS
Thirty-two observational studies comparing systemic adiponectin in colorectal cancer vs healthy controls were included. Colorectal cancer cases had lower systemic adiponectin levels (overall pooled mean difference = -1.05 μg/ml [95% CI: -1.99; -0.12] p = 0.03); however, significant heterogeneity was present (I = 95% p < 0.01). Subgroup and meta- regression analyses results could not identify a source of the significant heterogeneity across the studies.
CONCLUSIONS
Studies suggest a trend towards lower systemic adiponectin levels in colorectal cancer patients, but the heterogeneity observed showed current evidence is not sufficient to definitively draw any conclusions. These data, however, suggest rising adiponectin is unlikely to account for the reported observation of increased CRC following bariatric surgery. Further studies with prospective age, race, and BMI-matched cohorts, and standardized adiponectin measurements may provide a better understanding of this relationship.
Topics: Humans; Adiponectin; Prospective Studies; Adenoma; Obesity; Colorectal Neoplasms
PubMed: 37626126
DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01358-6 -
Acta Physiologica (Oxford, England) Aug 2023The immune system plays an important role in mediating exercise responses and adaptations. However, whether fluctuating hormone concentrations across the menstrual cycle... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The immune system plays an important role in mediating exercise responses and adaptations. However, whether fluctuating hormone concentrations across the menstrual cycle may impact these processes remains unknown. The aim of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to compare baseline concentrations as well as exercise-induced changes in immune and inflammatory parameters between menstrual cycle phases. A systematic literature search was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines using Pubmed/MEDLINE, ISI Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus. Of the 159 studies included in the qualitative synthesis, 110 studies were used for meta-analysis. Due to the designs of the included studies, only the follicular and luteal phase could be compared. The estimated standardized mean differences based on the random-effects model revealed higher numbers of leukocytes (-0.48 [-0.73; -0.23], p < 0.001), monocytes (-0.73 [-1.37; -0.10], p = 0.023), granulocytes (-0.85 [-0.1.48; -0.21], p = 0.009), neutrophils (-0.32 [-0.52; -0.12], p = 0.001), and leptin concentrations (-0.37 [-0.5; -0.23], p = 0.003) in the luteal compared to the follicular phase at rest. Other parameters (adaptive immune cells, cytokines, chemokines, and cell adhesion molecules) showed no systematic baseline differences. Seventeen studies investigated the exercise-induced response of these parameters, providing some indications for a higher pro-inflammatory response in the luteal phase. In conclusion, parameters of innate immunity showed cycle-dependent regulation at rest, while little is known on the exercise responses. Due to a large heterogeneity and a lack of cycle phase standardization among the included studies, future research should focus on comparing at least three distinct hormonal profiles to derive more specific recommendations for exercise prescription.
Topics: Female; Humans; Menstrual Cycle; Follicular Phase; Exercise; Inflammation; Immunity
PubMed: 37309068
DOI: 10.1111/apha.14013 -
Obesity Reviews : An Official Journal... Apr 2024Obesity is reported to increase stroke risk, with adipocyte-derived cytokines or adipokines implicated as mediators. However, the relationship between adipokines and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Obesity is reported to increase stroke risk, with adipocyte-derived cytokines or adipokines implicated as mediators. However, the relationship between adipokines and stroke is not well clarified. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the association of adipokines with stroke using fully adjusted risk estimates that incorporated body mass index in a meta-analysis. Data from 52 studies (62,428 patients) were pooled in a random-effects meta-analysis. Adiponectin was independently associated with a lower risk of pre-existing stroke (adjusted odds ratio: 0.64 [95% confidence interval: 0.46-0.88], p < 0.01), whereas leptin (1.08 [1.00-1.17], p = 0.04), resistin (1.06 [1.04-1.08], p < 0.01) and visfatin (1.04 [1.01-1.07], p = 0.01) are associated with a higher risk of stroke, but none with incident stroke. Adipokines independently associated with an ischaemic stroke subtype were adiponectin (0.48 [0.30-0.77], p < 0.01), leptin (1.10 [1.01-1.20], p = 0.04), and resistin (1.06 [1.04-1.08], p < 0.01). Fatty acid-binding protein-4 (FABP-4) independently predicted 6-month poor functional outcomes in stroke patients (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.09 [1.06-1.12], p < 0.01); whereas both FABP-4 (1.17 [1.03-1.34], p = 0.01) and visfatin (1.24 [1.00-1.55], p = 0.05) were predictive of 6-month mortality. Adipokines are associated with a greater risk of pre-existing stroke, but not with the relationship with incident stroke. Adipokines, such as FABP-4 and visfatin, may serve as biomarkers of stroke severity and worsening of stroke outcomes.
Topics: Humans; Adipokines; Adiponectin; Brain Ischemia; Leptin; Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase; Resistin; Stroke
PubMed: 38291816
DOI: 10.1111/obr.13684 -
Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology Oct 2022Impaired hormonal regulation of appetite may contribute to higher cardiovascular risk in bipolar disorder (BD). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Impaired hormonal regulation of appetite may contribute to higher cardiovascular risk in bipolar disorder (BD). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies investigating peripheral blood levels of appetite-regulating hormones in BD and controls. A total of 32 studies were included. Leptin and insulin levels were significantly elevated in patients with BD during euthymia, but not in other mood states. Greater differences in the number of male participants between patients with BD and healthy controls were associated with higher effect size estimates for the levels of insulin. There were significant positive correlations of effect size estimates for the levels of adiponectin with the percentage of individuals with type I BD and duration of BD. Our findings point to the mechanisms underlying high rates of cardiometabolic comorbidities in BD. Moreover, they suggest that investigating hormonal regulation of appetite might help to understand differences in the neurobiology of BD types.
Topics: Humans; Male; Bipolar Disorder; Appetite; Adiponectin; Insulin
PubMed: 35792198
DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.101013 -
Cancer Metastasis Reviews Mar 2022The objective of the study was to document the effect of adipocytokines on endometrial cancer progression. A search of the databases CINAHL, Medline, PubMed, Cochrane,... (Review)
Review
The objective of the study was to document the effect of adipocytokines on endometrial cancer progression. A search of the databases CINAHL, Medline, PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, Embase and Google Scholar was performed for English language articles from January 2000 to December 2020 using the keywords: (Endometrial cancer) AND (progression OR metastasis) AND (adipocytokine OR adiponectin OR leptin OR visfatin OR IL-6 OR TNF-α OR adipokine OR cytokine). Forty-nine studies on adipocytokines have been included in this review. Adiponectin has been linked with anti-proliferative and anti-metastatic effects on endometrial cancer cells and is associated with a better prognosis. Leptin, visfatin and resistin are linked to the stimulation of endometrial cancer growth, proliferation, invasion and metastasis and are associated with worse prognosis or with a higher grade/stage of endometrial cancer. IL-6, Il-11, IL-31, IL-33, TNF-α, TGF-β1, SDF-1 and CXCR are involved in endometrial cancer cell growth and metastasis or involved in epithelial mesenchymal transformation (EMT) or associated with advanced disease. Adipocytokines have been found to directly impact endometrial cancer cell proliferation, invasion and migration. These molecules and their signalling pathways may be used to determine prognosis and course of the disease and may also be exploited as potential targets for cancer treatment and prevention of progression.
Topics: Adipokines; Adiponectin; Disease Progression; Endometrial Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Interleukin-6; Leptin; Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PubMed: 34951691
DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-10002-6 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2023Appetite dysregulation is one of the factors contributing to anorexia, bulimia nervosa, obesity, and diabetes. Essential oils or fragrant compounds have been proven to... (Review)
Review
Appetite dysregulation is one of the factors contributing to anorexia, bulimia nervosa, obesity, and diabetes. Essential oils or fragrant compounds have been proven to regulate food intake and energy expenditure; hence, this study aimed to summarize their effects on appetite and the underlying mechanisms. The PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched until July 2022. Only two of the 41 studies were performed clinically, and the remaining 39 used animal models. Oral administration was the most common route, and a dosage range of 100-2000 mg/kg for mice or 2-32 mg/kg for rats was applied, with a duration of 12 days to 4 weeks, followed by inhalation (10-10 mg/cage or 10-10 mg/cm within 1 h). Approximately 11 essential oil samples and 22 fragrant compounds were found to increase appetite, while 12 essential oils and seven compounds decreased appetite. These fragrant components can exert appetite-regulating effects via leptin resistance, the activity of sympathetic/parasympathetic nerves, or the mRNA expression of neuropeptide Y (NPY)/agouti-related protein (AgRP), cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART)/proopiomelanocortin (POMC) in the hypothalamus. Fragrance memory and cognitive processes may also play roles in appetite regulation. The findings of this study accentuate the potential of essential oils and fragrant compounds to regulate appetite and eating disorders.
Topics: Rats; Mice; Animals; Appetite; Oils, Volatile; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neuropeptide Y; Hypothalamus; Leptin; Appetite Regulation; Agouti-Related Protein; Eating
PubMed: 37175666
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097962 -
International Journal of Molecular... Dec 2022Asthma and obesity are considered as highly prevalent diseases with a great impact on public health. Obesity has been demonstrated to be an aggravating factor in the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Asthma and obesity are considered as highly prevalent diseases with a great impact on public health. Obesity has been demonstrated to be an aggravating factor in the pathogenesis of asthma. Adipose tissue secretes proinflammatory cytokines and mediators, including leptin, which may promote the development and severity of asthma in obese patients. This study is a systematic review and a meta-analysis based on the relationship between leptin and asthma during obesity. MEDLINE, Cochrane, EMBASE and CINAHL databases were used. Data heterogeneity was analyzed using Cochran’s Q and treatment effect with the DerSimonian and Laird method. Random effect analyses were carried out to test data sensitivity. Asymmetry was estimated using Begg’s and Egger’s tests. All studies showed significant differences in leptin levels. The effect of the measures (p < 0.001), data sensitivity (p < 0.05) and data asymmetry were statistically significant, as well as tBegg’s test (p = 0.010) and Egge’s test (p < 0.001). Despite the existing limiting factors, the results of this study support the relevant role of leptin in the pathophysiology of asthma in obese subjects. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to obtain better insight in the relationship between leptin and asthma in obesity.
Topics: Humans; Adipose Tissue; Asthma; Cytokines; Leptin; Obesity
PubMed: 36613991
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010546 -
Annals of Medicine Dec 2023To quantitatively synthesize evidence from prospective observational studies regarding the mean levels of circulating adiponectin in patients with gestational diabetes... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
To quantitatively synthesize evidence from prospective observational studies regarding the mean levels of circulating adiponectin in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and the association between adiponectin levels and GDM risk.
METHODS
PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science were searched from their inception until November 8th, 2022, for nested case-control studies and cohort studies. Random-effect models were applied to the synthesized effect sizes. The difference in circulating adiponectin levels between the GDM and control groups was measured using the pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). The relationship between circulating adiponectin levels and GDM risk was examined using the combined odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI. Subgroup analyses were performed according to the study continent, GDM risk in the study population, study design, gestational weeks of circulating adiponectin detection, GDM diagnostic criteria, and study quality. Sensitivity and cumulative analyses were performed to evaluate the stability of the meta-analysis. Publication bias was assessed by funnel plots and Egger's test.
RESULTS
The 28 studies included 13 cohort studies and 15 nested case-control studies, containing 12,256 pregnant women in total. The mean adiponectin level in GDM patients was significantly lower than in controls (SMD = -1.514, 95% CI = -2.400 to -0.628, = .001, = 99%). The risk of GDM was significantly decreased among pregnant women with increasing levels of circulating adiponectin (OR = 0.368, 95% CI = 0.271-0.500, < .001, =83%). There were no significant differences between the subgroups.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings indicate that increasing circulating adiponectin levels were inversely associated with the risk of GDM. Given the inherent heterogeneity and publication bias of the included studies, further well-designed large-scale prospective cohort or intervention studies are needed to confirm our finding.
Topics: Pregnancy; Humans; Female; Adiponectin; Diabetes, Gestational; Prospective Studies; Case-Control Studies; Odds Ratio; Observational Studies as Topic
PubMed: 37318118
DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2224046 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2024Adipose tissue is a multifunctional organ that regulates many physiological processes such as energy homeostasis, nutrition, the regulation of insulin sensitivity, body... (Review)
Review
Adipose tissue is a multifunctional organ that regulates many physiological processes such as energy homeostasis, nutrition, the regulation of insulin sensitivity, body temperature, and immune response. In this review, we highlight the relevance of the different mediators that control adipose tissue activity through a systematic review of the main players present in white and brown adipose tissues. Among them, inflammatory mediators secreted by the adipose tissue, such as classical adipokines and more recent ones, elements of the immune system infiltrated into the adipose tissue (certain cell types and interleukins), as well as the role of intestinal microbiota and derived metabolites, have been reviewed. Furthermore, anti-obesity mediators that promote the activation of beige adipose tissue, e.g., myokines, thyroid hormones, amino acids, and both long and micro RNAs, are exhaustively examined. Finally, we also analyze therapeutic strategies based on those mediators that have been described to date. In conclusion, novel regulators of obesity, such as microRNAs or microbiota, are being characterized and are promising tools to treat obesity in the future.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Obesity; Adipose Tissue; Adipokines; MicroRNAs; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Adipose Tissue, Brown; Adipose Tissue, White; Inflammation Mediators; Energy Metabolism
PubMed: 38731880
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094659 -
Pharmacological Research Jan 2023Recent studies have demonstrated the effect of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on adiponectin and leptin levels; however, those findings remain contested. The... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
UNLABELLED
Recent studies have demonstrated the effect of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on adiponectin and leptin levels; however, those findings remain contested. The present study aimed to explore the impact of probiotics/synbiotics on appetite-regulating hormones and the desire to eat.
METHODS
A systematic review was conducted by searching the Medline (PubMed) and Scopus databases from inception to December 2021, using relevant keywords and MeSH terms, and appropriate randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were extracted. The standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were calculated as part of the meta-analysis using a random-effect model to determine the mean effect sizes. Analysis of Galbraith plots and the Cochrane Chi-squared test were conducted to examine heterogeneity.
RESULTS
Meta-analysis of data from a total of 26 RCTs (n = 1536) showed a significant decrease in serum/plasma leptin concentration following probiotic/synbiotic supplementation (SMD: -0.38, 95%CI= -0.638, -0.124); P-value= 0.004; I= 69.4%; P heterogeneity < 0.001). The leptin level decrease from probiotic/synbiotic supplementation was higher in patients with NAFLD than those with overweight/obesity or type 2 diabetes mellitus/ metabolic syndrome/ prediabetes. Probiotic/synbiotic supplementation was associated with a trending increase in adiponectin levels, stronger in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and prediabetes (SMD: 0.25, 95%CI= 0.04, 0.46) µg/mL; P-value= 0.021; I = 16.8%; P heterogeneity= 0.30). Additionally, supplementation with probiotic/synbiotic was linked to a slight increase in desire to eat (SMD: 0.34, 95%CI= 0.03, 0.66) P-value = 0.030; I = 39.4%; P heterogeneity= 0.16).
CONCLUSION
Our meta-analysis indicates a favorable impact of probiotic/synbiotic supplementation on regulating leptin and adiponectin secretion.
Topics: Humans; Synbiotics; Leptin; Metabolic Syndrome; Prediabetic State; Adiponectin; Appetite; Probiotics; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
PubMed: 36538981
DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106614