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International Journal of Environmental... Jan 2022According to attachment theory, children's early experiences with their primary caregivers, in terms of protection and security, are the basis for socioemotional... (Review)
Review
According to attachment theory, children's early experiences with their primary caregivers, in terms of protection and security, are the basis for socioemotional development and for the establishment of close relationships throughout their lives. During adolescence, friends and peers become a primary developmental environment, and thereby establishing quality bonds with peers will foster good psychological adjustment. The aim of the present study was to review the evidence on the relation of parental attachment to the quality of peer relationships during adolescence. A systematic review was conducted according to the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The search was performed in the PsycInfo, Scopus, and Web of Science (WOS) databases. Inclusion criteria were studies published since 2001, in English, that are academic publications in scientific journals, that explore adolescence, and that analyze the relationship between attachment styles and adolescent peer interactions. The search resulted in 1438 studies, of which 19 studies met the criteria and were included in the review. The results highlighted that secure attachment predicts and promotes the creation of affective relationships with peers and friends based on communication, support, intimacy, trust, and quality. In addition, some variables, such as gender differences or family characteristics, were found to be involved in attachment and provide a better understanding.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Adolescent; Child; Communication; Friends; Humans; Peer Group
PubMed: 35162088
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031064 -
Sleep Medicine Reviews Aug 2022Childhood sexual abuse has pervasive effects on well-being and psychosocial functioning in children and adolescents, including negative impacts on sleep. This study... (Review)
Review
Childhood sexual abuse has pervasive effects on well-being and psychosocial functioning in children and adolescents, including negative impacts on sleep. This study aimed to systematically review and assess the literature documenting associations between childhood sexual abuse and sleep in minors (0-18 years old) and provide recommendations for future studies and clinical practice. A systematic search was conducted independently by two researchers in six databases. Inclusion criteria included English or French published articles and dissertations/theses/abstracts reporting original quantitative data examining at least a bivariate association between childhood sexual abuse and sleep. A total of 5031 titles and abstracts and 70 full articles were screened. The final sample included 26 studies. Most studies (88%) reported a significant association between childhood sexual abuse and several sleep dimensions (such as difficulty falling asleep, complaints of poor sleep, nightmares). Studies' quality, as rated using the National heart, lung, and blood institute's quality assessment tool, varied greatly: 23% were rated as good, 38.5% as fair, and 38.5% as poor. Childhood sexual abuse negatively impacts sleep in childhood and adolescence. These results inform future research, ideally with strong prospective/longitudinal designs and using more specific sleep measures, aiming to promote optimal sleep in sexually abused minors.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child Abuse, Sexual; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Prospective Studies; Sleep; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 35447497
DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101628 -
Childhood maltreatment and sleep in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Sleep Medicine Reviews Jun 2022Childhood maltreatment is a global problem with the risk of serious health consequences for children and adolescents, including sleep problems. Former systematic reviews... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Childhood maltreatment is a global problem with the risk of serious health consequences for children and adolescents, including sleep problems. Former systematic reviews have examined the association between childhood maltreatment and sleep problems in adults, but no systematic review has investigated the literature on childhood maltreatment and sleep problems in childhood and adolescence. We published a protocol (PROSPERO: CRD42021225741) and conducted a systematic literature search using nine electronic databases. Upon duplicate removal, 1530 records were screened against the inclusion criteria, and 26 studies were included in the review. The most studied sleep outcomes were symptoms of insomnia, sleep duration and nightmares. The results showed significant associations between exposure to childhood maltreatment and insomnia symptoms (OR 3.91, 95%CI: 2.64-5.79, p < .001), shorter sleep duration (-12.1 min, 95%CI: -19.4 to -4.7, p < .001) and nightmares (OR 3.15, 95%CI: 2.38-4.18, p < 001). There was a considerable heterogeneity in measures and instruments used to examine sleep and maltreatment. Our findings highlight the importance of screening and intervening for sleep problems in children and adolescents exposed to childhood maltreatment.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child Abuse; Dreams; Humans; Sleep; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Sleep Wake Disorders
PubMed: 35313257
DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101617 -
European Journal of Pain (London,... Jan 2022Motor performance during childhood and adolescence is recognized as a relevant determinant of present and future health, but its effects on back pain (BP) remain... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Motor performance during childhood and adolescence is recognized as a relevant determinant of present and future health, but its effects on back pain (BP) remain unclear. In this systematic review, we aimed to identify the association between motor performance and BP in children and adolescents.
DATABASES AND DATA TREATMENT
A literature search was performed in the MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, SPORTDiscus and CINAHL databases. We included cross-sectional, cohort, case-control and controlled clinical trials (data from control groups). The inclusion criteria were as follows: (a) participants aged 6-19 years; (b) assessment motor performance components; (c) assessment of BP and (d) reported measures of association. The risk of bias was assessed by the Downs and Black instrument and the quality of evidence by the grading of recommendations, assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE).
RESULTS
A total of 2360 articles were identified, 25 of which were included in our systematic review. Of the 25 studies, 19 were evaluated as having a low risk of bias. GRADE indicated that 20 studies presented low or very low quality. Most of the studies evaluated flexibility (n = 16), muscle endurance (n = 18) and muscle strength (n = 9). Aerobic capacity, balance and speed were also examined in some studies (n < 5). Overall, motor performance (flexibility, muscle endurance, muscle strength, aerobic capacity, balance and speed) was not associated with BP. Most of the results were inconsistent because of the lack of studies, risk of bias and low quality of evidence. Only trunk extensor muscle endurance was associated with decreased BP with moderate quality of the supporting evidence. Prospective studies with a low risk of bias are warranted to further clarify this relationship in childhood and adolescence and findings may support more targeted and effective health promotion interventions.
SIGNIFICANCE
This systematic review shows that motor performance (flexibility, muscle endurance, muscle strength, aerobic capacity, balance and speed) was not associated with BP in children and adolescents. Most of the results were inconsistent because of the lack of studies, risk of bias and low quality of evidence. Only trunk extensor muscle endurance was associated with decreased BP with moderate quality of supporting evidence.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Back Pain; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Exercise; Humans; Muscle Strength; Prospective Studies; Young Adult
PubMed: 34365693
DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1850 -
Neuropsychology Feb 2023Precursors of antisocial behavior in children may be associated with neuropsychological deficits, namely in executive functions (EF). The main objective of this... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
Precursors of antisocial behavior in children may be associated with neuropsychological deficits, namely in executive functions (EF). The main objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to synthesize evidence of the relation between EF performance and early manifestations of antisocial behavior in children and adolescents.
METHOD
The procedures of this systematic review and meta-analysis were based on the PRISMA recommendations. The review was based on a systematic search in the EBSCOhost and Pubmed databases. Fifty studies were included in this review, 37 of which contributed with data for meta-analysis. All studies examined the possible relation between the EF measures and behavior problems in childhood and adolescence. Meta-analytical procedures were performed, and the overall effect size was calculated from random-effect models, using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software.
RESULTS
A substantial part of the studies report EF deficits in children and adolescents who present behavior problems, revealing that these deficits are already present in youth, long before being associated with antisocial behavior in adults, especially when in comorbidity with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Specifically, typical controls (TC) performed significantly better than disruptive behavior disorders (DBD) groups on measures of = -.35, 95% CI [-0.48, -0.22], < .001. Similar results were found for = -.26, 95% CI [-0.45, -0.07], < .001, = -.30, 95% CI [-0.57, -0.04], = .03, = -.45, 95% CI [-0.71, -0.19], = .001, and = -.31, 95% CI [-0.60, -0.02], = .04. Comparing DBD + ADHD participants with TC, no significant differences were found, either for or for each dimension. Finally, DBD participants performed better than DBD + ADHD participants on measures of = .20, 95% CI [0.08, 0.33], = .002.
CONCLUSION
These findings are in line with neuropsychological theories arguing that executive dysfunctions may interfere with the children's and/or adolescents' ability to control their own conduct, in order to inhibit inappropriate behaviors in favor of the prosocial ones. This review and meta-analysis also identify the main characteristics and potential limitations of the existing studies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Child; Adult; Adolescent; Humans; Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders; Executive Function; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Memory, Short-Term; Comorbidity
PubMed: 36442005
DOI: 10.1037/neu0000881 -
Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy May 2022Whilst childhood trauma has been identified as a transdiagnostic risk factor for poly-psychopathology, compassion-focused interventions have emerged as transdiagnostic... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Whilst childhood trauma has been identified as a transdiagnostic risk factor for poly-psychopathology, compassion-focused interventions have emerged as transdiagnostic treatment modality. However, no previous systematic review has specifically explored the relationship between complex interpersonal trauma and compassion in adolescence. The aim of this early systematic review was to evaluate the existing evidence on the role of compassion in adolescents with complex interpersonal trauma.
METHODS
A systematic search of electronic databases was undertaken to identify cross-sectional and intervention studies that examined the role of compassion in the amelioration of psychopathology in adolescence.
RESULTS
Nine studies, including three intervention studies and six cross-sectional studies, met the inclusion criteria. The findings suggested a mediating role of compassion in trauma-specific and overall psychopathology.
CONCLUSION
Despite the dearth of research, this review suggests that integrating compassion might mediate the relationship between complex trauma and psychopathology in adolescents.
Topics: Adolescent; Cross-Sectional Studies; Empathy; Humans; Psychopathology
PubMed: 34779081
DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2689 -
Clinical Psychology Review Jun 2023There are several meta-analyses of treatment effects for children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The conclusions of these... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
There are several meta-analyses of treatment effects for children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The conclusions of these meta-analyses vary considerably. Our aim was to synthesize the latest evidence of the effectiveness of psychological, pharmacological treatment options and their combination in a systematic overview and meta-meta-analyses. A systematic literature search until July 2022 to identify meta-analyses investigating effects of treatments for children and adolescents with ADHD and ADHD symptom severity as primary outcome (parent and teacher rated) yielded 16 meta-analyses for quantitative analyses. Meta-meta-analyses of pre-post data showed significant effects for pharmacological treatment options for parent (SMD = 0.67, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.74) and teacher ADHD symptom ratings (SMD = 0.68, 95% CI 0.54 to 0.82) as well as for psychological interventions for parent (SMD = 0.42, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.51) and teacher rated symptoms (SMD = 0.25, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.38). We were unable to calculate effect sizes for combined treatments due to the lack of meta-analyses. Our analyses revealed that there is a lack of research on combined treatments and for therapy options for adolescents. Finally, future research efforts should adhere to scientific standards as this allows comparison of effects across meta-analyses.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Humans; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Parents
PubMed: 37030086
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2023.102271 -
The Journal of Adolescent Health :... Jan 2022Parents do not always seek timely help for adolescents when the need arises. Although interventions to increase parental help-seeking have been evaluated and published,... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Parents do not always seek timely help for adolescents when the need arises. Although interventions to increase parental help-seeking have been evaluated and published, no systematic review of these interventions has been conducted. The aim of this systematic review is to collate, synthesise, and evaluate research on help-seeking interventions for parents of adolescents.
METHODS
Six electronic databases were searched from inception to May 2020 using terms related to the concepts of "parent" and "help-seeking" and focusing on parents of adolescents (aged 10-19 years). Methodological quality was assessed using the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies; the Behavioural Change Taxonomy was used to code behavioral change techniques, and "promising interventions" were identified using pre-established criteria.
RESULTS
Eighteen studies met inclusion criteria, with six rated strong for design and methodology. The most frequently identified Behavioural Change Taxonomies included a credible source delivering the intervention, supporting parents, and providing prompts/cues regarding services/appointments. Four interventions were identified as "promising" because of strong methodology, significant positive outcomes, and strong evidence-base.
CONCLUSIONS
More high-quality, theory-driven parental help-seeking interventions using common outcome measures are needed to advance the literature in this area. Future research should replicate the promising interventions identified to develop best practice guidelines.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Help-Seeking Behavior; Humans; Parents; Young Adult
PubMed: 34462191
DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.07.004 -
The Lancet. Global Health Mar 2023Considering the biological variation across subgroups during periods of growth, the role of non-nutritive sweeteners in weight-related outcomes among children and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Effects of non-nutritive sweeteners on the BMI of children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and prospective cohort studies.
BACKGROUND
Considering the biological variation across subgroups during periods of growth, the role of non-nutritive sweeteners in weight-related outcomes among children and adolescents is unclear. We did a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarise the evidence on experimental and habitual consumption of non-nutritive sweeteners and prospective changes in BMI in paediatric populations.
METHODS
We searched eligible (ie, lasting a minimum of 4 weeks) randomised controlled trials of the effect of non-nutritive sweeteners versus non-caloric or caloric comparators on BMI change and prospective cohort studies reporting multivariable-adjusted coefficients for non-nutritive sweetener intake and BMI in children (aged 2-9 years) and adolescents (aged 10-24 years). We generated pooled estimates using random effects meta-analysis and did secondary stratified analyses to explore heterogeneity by study-level and subgroup characteristics. We further evaluated the quality of the included evidence and classified industry-funded studies, or those whose authors were related to the food industry, as having potential conflicts of interest.
FINDINGS
From 2789 results, we included five randomised controlled trials (n=1498 participants; median follow-up 19·0 weeks [IQR 13·0-37·5]); three [60%] with potential conflicts of interest), and eight prospective cohort studies (n=35 340 participants; median follow-up 2·5 years [IQR 1·7-6·3]; two [25%] with potential conflicts of interest). Random allocation to intake of non-nutritive sweeteners (25-2400 mg/day, from food and beverages) suggested less BMI gain (standardised mean difference -0·42 kg/m [95% CI -0·79 to -0·06]; I=89%) compared with intake of sugar from food and beverages. Stratified estimates were significant only in adolescents, participants with obesity at baseline, consumers of a mixture of non-nutritive sweeteners, longer trials, and trials not found to have potential conflicts of interest. No randomised controlled trials tested beverages containing non-nutritive sweeteners versus water. Prospective cohorts reported a non-significant association between consumption of beverages containing non-nutritive sweeteners and BMI gain (0·05 kg/m [95% CI -0·02 to 0·12]; I=67%; per daily serving of 355 mL), which was accentuated for adolescents, boys, and cohorts with longer follow-ups. Removing studies with potential conflicts of interest attenuated the estimates. Evidence was predominantly classified as of low to moderate quality.
INTERPRETATION
Intake of non-nutritive sweeteners versus sugar in randomised controlled trials resulted in less BMI gain in adolescents and participants with obesity. Better designed studies should contrast beverages containing non-nutritive sweeteners with water. Long-term prospective analyses with changes in repeated measures might clarify the effect of intake of non-nutritive sweeteners on BMI changes in childhood and adolescence.
FUNDING
None.
Topics: Male; Humans; Adolescent; Child; Non-Nutritive Sweeteners; Prospective Studies; Body Mass Index; Obesity; Sugars
PubMed: 36866485
DOI: 10.1016/S2214-109X(23)00093-1 -
Drug and Alcohol Dependence Feb 2021Social impairments are important features of a substance use disorder diagnosis; and recent models suggest early impairments in socio-cognitive and -affective processes...
BACKGROUND
Social impairments are important features of a substance use disorder diagnosis; and recent models suggest early impairments in socio-cognitive and -affective processes may predict future use. However, no systematic reviews are available on this topic.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses exploring the association between social-cognitive and -affective processes (empathy, callous-unemotional (CU) traits, theory of mind, and social cognition) and substance use frequency (alcohol, cannabis, general drug use). We examined moderating effects of study design, gender, age, and weather conduct problems were controlled for. We also review brain studies related to social cognition and substance use disorder (SUD) risk.
RESULTS
Systematic review suggested a negative association for positively valenced constructs with substance use but mixed results on the negatively valenced construct CU traits. Meta-analyses revealed moderate positive association between CU traits with alcohol and general drug use but no significance with cannabis use. Moderate effect sizes were found for CU traits in youth predicting severity of substance use by late adolescence and significantly accounted for variance independently of conduct problems. Significant moderators included gender proportions, sample type, and age. Neuroimaging meta-analysis indicated 10 coordinates that were different in youth at a high risk/with SUD compared to controls. Three of these coordinates associate with theory of mind and social cognition.
CONCLUSION
Socio-cognitive and -affective constructs demonstrate an association with current and future substance use, and neural differences are present when performing social cognitive tasks in regions with strongest associations with theory of mind and social cognition.
Topics: Adolescent; Cognition; Conduct Disorder; Emotions; Empathy; Female; Humans; Male; Problem Behavior; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 33444900
DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108479