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Screen time and low back pain in children and adolescents: a systematic review of Brazilian studies.Revista Paulista de Pediatria : Orgao... 2023To identify and summarize the possible associations between screen time and low back pain in children and adolescents.
OBJECTIVE
To identify and summarize the possible associations between screen time and low back pain in children and adolescents.
DATA SOURCE
Systematic searches were performed in five electronic databases (Lilacs, Scielo, Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science) on 01/25/2021, complemented by manual searches in reference lists and on Google Scholar, looking for original scientific articles that included Brazilian observational studies; whose samples had children and/or adolescents aged between 6 and 19 years, without specific clinical conditions, and that presented analyses of associations between indicators of screen time and nonspecific low back pain, based on regression models.
DATA SYNTHESIS
Nine cross-sectional studies whose samples had adolescents were included. Of the 18 analyses identified, nine reported risk relationships between the variables of interest. More specifically, risk associations were found in two studies that evaluated adolescents exposed to at least three hours using cell phone or tablet, and watching television per day. Also, instruments, cut-off points adopted, and screen equipment evaluated were diverse.
CONCLUSIONS
Even though most of the risk associations were borderline from the statistical point of view, we found a higher frequency of risk associations between screen time and non-specific low back pain in adolescents exposed to screen time for at least three hours a day. In addition, further longitudinal studies with samples composed of children should be conducted across the country.
Topics: Humans; Child; Adolescent; Young Adult; Adult; Low Back Pain; Cross-Sectional Studies; Brazil; Screen Time; Back Pain
PubMed: 37042940
DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/2023/41/2021342 -
African Journal of Reproductive Health Apr 2021Although issues pertaining to infertility affect both males and females, women often become victims of stigmatization and rejection, making them susceptible to emotional... (Review)
Review
Although issues pertaining to infertility affect both males and females, women often become victims of stigmatization and rejection, making them susceptible to emotional pain and suffering. Due to these psychosocial problems, they require not only biomedical treatment, but also psychological, social, and spiritual support. Unfortunately, many women with infertility are not treated holistically. The aim of this review was to retrieve existing evidence of holistic healthcare interventions for women with infertility. Global databases were searched for articles published anywhere in the world between 2010 to 2018 that explored holistic healthcare interventions for women diagnosed with infertility. A total of 18 articles meeting the inclusion criteria were assessed, and data extraction was performed. Findings revealed that interventions adopted in managing infertile women alongside the bio-medical management included: counseling; cognitive behavioral therapy; acceptance and commitment therapy; educational interventions; spiritual interventions; emotionally focused therapy/intervention and integrative body-mind-spirit interventions. The results of this review have implications for healthcare professionals to ensure holistic care of women diagnosed with infertility in Ghana and Africa at large.
PubMed: 37585763
DOI: 10.29063/ajrh2021/v25i2.15 -
Campbell Systematic Reviews Mar 2022Adopted children and children placed in foster care are at increased risk of developing a range of mental health, behavioural, and psychosocial adjustment problems.... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Adopted children and children placed in foster care are at increased risk of developing a range of mental health, behavioural, and psychosocial adjustment problems. Previous studies suggest that due to early experiences of separation and loss some children may have difficulties forming a secure attachment relationship with the adoptive/foster parents.
OBJECTIVES
The objectives of the present review were: (1) to assess the efficacy of attachment-based interventions on measures of favourable parent/child outcomes (attachment security, dyadic interaction, parent/child psychosocial adjustment, behavioural and mental health problems, and placement breakdown) within foster and adoptive families with children aged between 0 and 17 years. (2) to identify factors that appear to be associated with more effective outcomes and factors that modify intervention effectiveness (e.g., age of the child at placement and at intervention start, programme duration, programme focus).
SEARCH METHODS
Relevant studies were identified through electronic searches of bibliographic databases, governmental and grey literature repositories, hand search in specific targeted journals, citation tracking, contact to international experts and Internet search engines. The database searches were carried out to October 2020.
SELECTION CRITERIA
The interventions of interest were parenting interventions aimed at helping the foster/adopted children and their parents to form or sustain a secure attachment relationship. The interventions had to be at least partly informed by attachment theory.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
The total number of potentially relevant studies constituted 17.822 hits after duplicates were removed. A total of 44 studies (27 different populations) met the inclusion criteria and were critically appraised by the review authors. Due to critical study quality, missing numeric data and re-use of the same data, only 24 studies analysing 16 different populations could be used in the data synthesis (children, = 1302; parents, = 1344). Meta-analysis using both child and parent outcomes were conducted on each metric separately. All analyses were inverse variance weighted using random effects statistical models. Random effects weighted mean effect sizes were calculated using 95% confidence intervals (CIs). When possible, we conducted moderator analysis using meta-regression and single factor sub group moderator analysis. Sensitivity analysis were conducted across study design and domains of the risk of bias assessment.
MAIN RESULTS
Ten studies analysed the effect of attachment-based interventions on the overall psychosocial adjustment of foster or adopted children as reported by their caregivers post intervention. Measures used include the Child Behaviour Checklist, The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (BITSEA) and Eyberg Child Behaviour Inventory. The random effects weighted standardised mean difference (SMD) favouring the intervention group was 0.37 (95% CI, 0.10-0.65) and statistically significant. Three studies analysed the effects of attachment-based interventions on the observed attachment security of foster and adopted children as measured by independent observation. Measures include the Strange Situation Procedure, Attachment Q-Set, and The Emotional Availability Clinical Screener. The random effects weighted SMD was 0.59 (95% CI, -0.40-1.57) and not statistically significant. Four studies analysed the effect of attachment-based interventions on positive child behaviour post intervention as measured by independent observation of video-taped interaction between the child and caregivers. Measures include Disruptive Behaviour Diagnostic Observation Schedule (DB-DOS) and Emotional Availability Scales). The random effects weighted SMD was 0.39 (95% CI, 0.14-0.64) and statistically significant. Ten studies analysed the effect of attachment-based interventions on positive parenting behaviour post intervention as measured by independent observation of video-taped interaction between the child and caregivers or coding of audio-taped recordings of parental speech. Measures include Adapted Ainsworth Scales for sensitivity and noninterference, Measurement of Empathy in Adult-Child Interaction, The Dyadic Parent-Child Interaction Coding System, Reflective functioning scale, and Emotional Availability Scales. The random effects weighted SMD was 1.56 (95% CI, 0.81-2.31) and statistically significant. Nine studies analysed the effect of attachment-based interventions on self-reported post intervention parenting stress (Parenting Stress Index). The random effects weighted SMD was 0.24 (95% CI, 0.03-0.46.) and statistically significant. Three studies analysed the effect of attachment-based interventions on parental post intervention self-reported depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory). The random effects weighted SMD was 0.59 (95% CI, -0.08-1.25.) and not statistically significant. Follow-up analyses were carried out for the outcomes externalising behaviour, positive parenting, and parenting stress, but due to the low number of studies, results should be viewed with caution. Results of the single factor sub group moderator analysis suggest that it cannot be ruled out the effects differ depending on whether the interventions take place in the family home or in a clinical setting. However, it is unclear which location is associated with more positive effects as our findings differ between child and parent outcomes. Results of the sensitivity analysis showed no appreciable changes in the results following the removal of any of the studies in any of the analyses.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
Parenting interventions based on attachment theory increase positive parent/child interactional behaviours, decrease parenting stress, and increase the overall psychosocial adjustment of children in foster and adoptive families postintervention. Due to the low number of studies evidence regarding the effects of attachment-based parenting interventions on attachment security and disorganised attachment in foster and adopted children was inconclusive. Theoretically, it is possible that child attachment security and/or attachment disorganisation cannot change within the relatively short period of time that parenting interventions typically last. It is possible that if postintervention improvements in parenting behaviours are sustained over time, it may lead to possible improvement in child attachment security and a decrease in child disorganised attachment. Thus, more longitudinal research is needed. Furthermore, evidence regarding the long-term effects of attachment-based parenting interventions on any outcomes was inconclusive due to too few studies, but findings suggest that attachment-based interventions increase positive parenting behaviour at follow-up points 3-6 months after the intervention. No study included in the present review provided a measure of placement stability or breakdown as an outcome, which could be used in the meta-analysis. This further emphasises the need for future longitudinal research in prevention of placement breakdown.
PubMed: 36913207
DOI: 10.1002/cl2.1209 -
International Journal of Pediatric... Nov 2021Babies born with a congenital sensorineural hearing impairment or acquire early-onset permanent bilateral hearing impairment are at risk for delayed speech and language... (Review)
Review
Babies born with a congenital sensorineural hearing impairment or acquire early-onset permanent bilateral hearing impairment are at risk for delayed speech and language development and poor scholastic outcomes. Auditory Verbal Therapy (AVT) has become the primary intervention approach for developing spoken language in children with hearing impairment, and South Africa also has adopted this approach. The outcomes of AVT within the South African context have not been thoroughly investigated. As part of a larger study, the objective of this systematic review was to describe the speech, language and scholastic outcomes of hearing-impaired children enrolled in AVT as a therapeutic approach to early intervention. This systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). Electronic databases searched included Google Scholar, Science Direct and PubMed. Selected studies were published in English and focused on the outcomes of early intervention for children with hearing impairment. The selected date range of the included articles ensured that the latest research was reviewed. Due to the limited evidence base, the review cannot conclude definitively that AVT yields positive speech, language, and scholastic outcomes in children with hearing impairment. Of the reviewed articles, only one study compares the outcomes of therapeutic intervention approaches, an important consideration, particularly in Low- and Middle-Income countries (LMICs). Current findings provide a strong rationale for the larger study by highlighting that further research comparing AVT to standard speech-language habilitation is required. Research in contexts with linguistic and cultural diversity in countries such as South Africa is required.
Topics: Audiology; Child; Early Intervention, Educational; Hearing Loss; Humans; Infant; Language Development; Speech
PubMed: 34500357
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2021.110918 -
Nutrients May 2023The evaluation of food consumption in childhood is essential to help understand the effect of food choices on health. The objective of this study was to conduct a... (Review)
Review
The evaluation of food consumption in childhood is essential to help understand the effect of food choices on health. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of studies that identified the dietary patterns in schoolchildren (7-10 years old) and their associated factors. Observational studies published in the last ten years were searched in the databases BVS (Virtual Health Library), Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The Newcastle Ottawa Scale was adopted to evaluate the articles' quality. The studies covered schoolchildren, children, and adolescents as part of the sample. We selected 16 studies, 75% of which were considered good/very good and seven mentioned three food patterns. A dietary pattern considered unhealthy was identified in 93.75% of the studies, having as associated factors to its consumption: higher screen time, low bone mass, gain of weight and fat in children, and meal skipping. The children who usually had breakfast showed greater adherence to the dietary pattern consisting of healthier foods. The children's dietary patterns were related to their behavior, nutritional status, and family environment habits. Food and nutrition education's effective actions, as well as the regularization of the marketing of ultra-processed foods, must be stimulated and inserted in public policies as a way to promote and protect children's health.
Topics: Child; Adolescent; Humans; Feeding Behavior; Diet; Nutritional Status; Food Preferences; Meals
PubMed: 37299412
DOI: 10.3390/nu15112450 -
International Journal of Environmental... Oct 2023Work-family conflict is a prominent issue, especially in our society, where people are expected to fulfil many roles simultaneously. Work and family life demands... (Review)
Review
Work-family conflict is a prominent issue, especially in our society, where people are expected to fulfil many roles simultaneously. Work and family life demands significantly impact an individual's overall well-being, especially for women, since they typically balance caregiving for children and elderly relatives with careers. Therefore, highlighting which factors might protect women from experiencing work-family conflict is essential to enhance women's and their family's well-being. Thus, the main aim of the present study was to systematically review previous research on women's coping strategies and protective factors which can reduce the negative effects of work-family conflict. Following the PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a literature search of three databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus). After the screening and the eligibility phases, we included a final set of 13 studies. Most of these studies adopted a cross-sectional design (N = 10), and a few adopted a longitudinal one (N = 3). Results highlighted the role of different personal (e.g., hardiness, self-esteem, locus of control) and relational factors (e.g., family and work support) that significantly reduce the negative effects of work-family conflict in women's lives. Findings, practical implications, and future research directions are discussed.
Topics: Child; Humans; Female; Aged; Family Conflict; Protective Factors; Cross-Sectional Studies; Adaptation, Psychological; Family Relations
PubMed: 37947550
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20216992 -
Journal of Translational Medicine Feb 2020Chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) has been emerging as a significant health issue worldwide. This study aimed to systemically assess the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) has been emerging as a significant health issue worldwide. This study aimed to systemically assess the prevalence of CFS/ME in various aspects of analyses for precise assessment.
METHODS
We systematically searched prevalence of CFS/ME from public databases from 1980 to December 2018. Data were extracted according to 7 categories for analysis: study participants, gender and age of the participants, case definition, diagnostic method, publication year, and country of the study conducted. Prevalence data were collected and counted individually for studies adopted various case definitions. We analyzed and estimated prevalence rates in various angles: average prevalence, pooled prevalence and meta-analysis of all studies.
RESULTS
A total of 1291 articles were initially identified, and 45 articles (46 studies, 56 prevalence data) were selected for this study. Total 1085,976 participants were enrolled from community-based survey (540,901) and primary care sites (545,075). The total average prevalence was 1.40 ± 1.57%, pooled prevalence 0.39%, and meta-analysis 0.68% [95% CI 0.48-0.97]. The prevalence rates were varied by enrolled participants (gender, study participants, and population group), case definitions and diagnostic methods. For example, in the meta-analysis; women (1.36% [95% CI 0.48-0.97]) vs. men (0.86% [95% CI 0.48-0.97]), community-based samples (0.76% [95% CI 0.53-1.10]) vs. primary care sites (0.63% [95% CI 0.37-1.10]), adults ≥ 18 years (0.65% [95% CI 0.43-0.99]) vs. children and adolescents < 18 years (0.55% [95% CI 0.22-1.35]), CDC-1994 (0.89% [95% CI 0.60-1.33]) vs. Holmes (0.17% [95% CI 0.06-0.49]), and interviews (1.14% [95% CI 0.76-1.72]) vs. physician diagnosis (0.09% [95% CI 0.05-0.13]), respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
This study comprehensively estimated the prevalence of CFS/ME; 0.89% according to the most commonly used case definition CDC-1994, with women approximately 1.5 to 2 folds higher than men in all categories. However, we observed the prevalence rates are widely varied particularly by case definitions and diagnostic methods. An objective diagnostic tool is urgently required for rigorous assessment of the prevalence of CFS/ME.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic; Female; Humans; Male; Prevalence; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 32093722
DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02269-0 -
Health Science Reports Mar 2022Telemedicine offers the possibility of provision of medical assistance to remote patients, and it has great potential in developing countries like Pakistan. Telemedicine... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Telemedicine offers the possibility of provision of medical assistance to remote patients, and it has great potential in developing countries like Pakistan. Telemedicine solves logistical barriers, gives support to weak health systems, and helps to establish worldwide networks of healthcare professionals. Because of the high implementation costs, it is not possible yet to adopt telehealth systems for low- and middle-income nations.
OBJECTIVE
To present a revision of region-based telemedical services in Pakistan.
METHODS
Libraries such as PubMed (Medline), CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), Scopus (EMBASE), and Google Scholar were used for document search. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was adopted to conduct study quality. Many of the studies (n-8) included in the review were of high quality as assessed through the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Selected study characteristics were further analyzed based on different parameters such as publication year, sample size, study design, methods, motivation, and outcomes.
RESULTS
Search produced 955 articles and 11 items were ultimately selected to conduct the review. These studies were further characterized as region-based telemedicine implementation. Out of 11, eight studies were conducted in the urban region and three studies were conducted in the rural areas of Pakistan. Many studies produced evidence on telehealth interventions by smartphone services such as SMS, apps, and web-based telemedicine.
CONCLUSIONS
Telehealth interventions such as mHealth, eHealth, telemedicine, and telepharmacy in Pakistan were introduced starting from the last two decades. For obtaining the full benefits of these technologies, it is necessary that they but certainly need to become an integral part of Pakistan's current health infrastructure.
PubMed: 35028430
DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.438 -
Medical Education Online Dec 2024Non-clinical approaches such as meditation, yoga, and mindfulness are popular traditional therapeutical interventions adopted by many educational institutions to improve... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Non-clinical approaches such as meditation, yoga, and mindfulness are popular traditional therapeutical interventions adopted by many educational institutions to improve the physical and mental well-being of learners. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of yoga intervention in improving cardiopulmonary parameters such as blood pressure, heart rate, pulmonary function tests and psychosomatic symptoms such as depression, anxiety and stress in medical and dental students. Using the PRISMA protocol, a search from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Embase resulted in 304 relevant articles. After screening the title and abstracts, 47 papers were analyzed thoroughly and included in the qualitative analysis. 18 articles with homogenous statistical data on physiology and psychological parameters were included for meta-analysis. In comparison to the control group, the study showed a significant reduction of systolic blood pressure (SBP: 6.82 mmHg, z = -3.06, = 0.002), diastolic blood pressure (DBP: 2.92 mmHg, z = -2.22, = 0.03), and heart rate (HR: 2.55 beats/min, z = -2.77, = 0.006). Additionally, data from 4 studies yielded a significant overall effect of a stress reduction of 0.77 on standardized assessments due to the yoga intervention (z = 5.29, < 0.0001). Lastly, the results also showed a significant (z = -2.52, = 0.01) reduction of 1.2 in standardized anxiety tests in intervention group compared to the control. The findings offer promising prospects for medical educators globally, encouraging them to consider reformation and policymaking in medical curricula to enhance academic success and improve the overall quality of life for medical students worldwide.
Topics: Yoga; Humans; Blood Pressure; Heart Rate; Stress, Psychological; Anxiety; Education, Medical; Depression; Students, Medical; Respiratory Function Tests
PubMed: 38861675
DOI: 10.1080/10872981.2024.2364486 -
Ear and HearingIn terms of cochlear reimplantation, there is no consensus on the definition, range, or calculation formulation for the reimplantation rate. This study aims to put... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVES
In terms of cochlear reimplantation, there is no consensus on the definition, range, or calculation formulation for the reimplantation rate. This study aims to put forward a relatively standardized and more explicit definition based on a literature review, calculate the rate of cochlear reimplantation, and examine the classification and distribution of the reimplantation causes.
DESIGN
A systematic review and retrospective study. A relatively clearer definition was used in this study: cochlear reimplantation is the implantation of new electrodes to reconstruct the auditory path, necessitated by the failure or abandonment of the initial implant. Seven English and Chinese databases were systematically searched for studies published before July 23, 2021 regarding patients who accepted cochlear reimplantation. Two researchers independently applied the inclusion and exclusion criteria to select studies and complete data extraction. As the effect size, the reimplantation rate was extracted and synthesized using a random-effects model, and subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed to reduce heterogeneity. In addition, a retrospective study analyzed data on cochlear reimplantation in a tertiary hospital from April 1999 to August 2021. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and the log-rank test were adopted to analyze the survival times of cochlear implants and compare them among different subgroups.
RESULTS
A total of 144 articles were included, with 85,851 initial cochlear implantations and 4276 cochlear reimplantations. The pooled rate of cochlear reimplantation was 4.7% [95% CI (4.2% to 5.1%)] in 1989 to 2021, 6.8% [95% CI (4.5% to 9.2%)] before 2000, and 3.2% [95% CI (2.7% to 3.7%)] after 2000 ( P =0.003). Device failures accounted for the largest proportion of reimplantation (67.6% [95% CI (64.0% to 71.3%)], followed by medical reasons (28.9% [95% CI (25.7% to 32.0%)]). From April 1999 to August 2021, 1775 cochlear implants were performed in West China Hospital (1718 initial implantations and 57 reimplantations; reimplantation rate 3.3%). In total, 45 reimplantations (78.9%) were caused by device failure, 10 (17.5%) due to medical reasons, and 2 (3.5%) from unknown reasons. There was no difference in the survival time of implants between adults and children ( P = 0.558), while there existed a significant difference between patients receiving implants from different manufacturers ( P < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
The cochlear reimplantation rate was relatively high, and more attention should be paid to formulating a standard definition, calculation formula, and effect assessment of cochlear reimplantation. It is necessary to establish a sound mechanism for long-term follow-up and rigorously conduct longitudinal cohort studies.
Topics: Child; Adult; Humans; Retrospective Studies; Longitudinal Studies; Prosthesis Failure; Reoperation; Cochlear Implantation; Cochlear Implants; Replantation
PubMed: 35973054
DOI: 10.1097/AUD.0000000000001266