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Journal of Research in Medical Sciences... 2020This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiological studies on the relationship between organophosphate (OP) pesticide exposure during pregnancy and neonatal anthropometric... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiological studies on the relationship between organophosphate (OP) pesticide exposure during pregnancy and neonatal anthropometric measures.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In this systematic review and meta analyses, a comprehensive search of the literature for the association of maternal exposure to OP pesticides and birth outcome including birth weight, birth length, and head circumference was conducted from scientific databases of MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane library until the end of April 2019. We used the following keyword to identify the relevant studies: "birth weight," "birth length," "pregnancy outcome,""birth outcome," "organophosphate pesticides," and "organophosphate metabolites." Only English language studies investigating the relationship between pregnant mothers' exposure to OP metabolites and birth outcomes were examined.
RESULTS
Of the 10 articles reviewed, eight studies used to assess the association with birth weight, as well as five, and six studies were used in meta analysis to determine the association between OP exposure and birth length and head circumference. Pooled estimates were performed using a fixed effects model or random effects model. No significant association was observed between maternal exposure to OPs and birth weight (β = 1.520;95% confidence interval [CI] [-10.781, 13.820]), birth length (β = -0.011; [-0.132, 0.109]), and head circumference (β =0.022; 95%CI [-0.06, 0.103]).
CONCLUSION
Although the effect of maternal exposure to OP on the birth outcome is not completely clear, strategies should be adopted to control the use of these substances.
PubMed: 33088316
DOI: 10.4103/jrms.JRMS_919_19 -
Burden of Childhood Injuries in India and Possible Public Health Interventions: A Systematic Review.Indian Journal of Community Medicine :... 2023Childhood injuries are a major public health challenge in India and globally. This systematic review was conducted to understand the burden and spectrum of childhood... (Review)
Review
Childhood injuries are a major public health challenge in India and globally. This systematic review was conducted to understand the burden and spectrum of childhood injuries, with a focus on unintentional injuries, among children 5-14 years of age and to suggest approaches to prevention that can be adopted in the Indian context. This systematic review was conducted with the standard approach and use of keywords. A total of 33 studies which were found to be relevant were analyzed. Road traffic accidents (RTAs) contribute to nearly 85% of all unintentional injuries and related deaths and 90% of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost in developing countries. Poor traffic regulation, heavy traffic load, and poor skill of identifying the dangerous road crossing sites make the children's age group vulnerable and prone to RTA. Children with poor skill of identification and response to dangerous road crossing sites, along with heavy unregulated traffic were found to be the major reasons for such accidents and make this age group more vulnerable. Public health-based prevention approaches need to be based upon legislation, regulation, and enforcement, as well as environmental modification, education and skill development, emergency medical care using levels of prevention, and principles of targeted prevention to effectively address child health challenges. Addressing child injuries should be a key component of all endeavors aimed at enhancing child mortality and morbidity rates, as well as the overall welfare of children, both at the national and global levels. It is imperative to prioritize policies focused on preventing unintentional injuries across all age groups, with particular attention to children.
PubMed: 37970167
DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_887_22 -
Child Abuse & Neglect Jul 2021Child maltreatment is a global health concern, which adversely affects millions of children. Among them, child laborers are highly susceptible to maltreatment due to... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Child maltreatment is a global health concern, which adversely affects millions of children. Among them, child laborers are highly susceptible to maltreatment due to their economic vulnerability and workplace practices.
OBJECTIVES
This review seeks to identify the extent, risk factors and psychological impairments associated with the maltreatment of child laborers in four South East Asian countries.
METHODS
A scoping review was adopted, in accordance with the PRISMA framework. Scopus, Medline, PsycINFO, ProQuest, Web of Sciences, and grey literature from relevant institutional websites were searched. Search date parameters were 1960-2020. A thematic synthesis and a proportion test were adopted to analyse data.
RESULTS
A total of 9 studies were retrieved. The physical maltreatment against child laborers (15.14 %) was found across all studies with high heterogeneity (from 2.3%-73.27%). The prevalence of emotional maltreatment was more than three times that of physical abuse. Sexual abuse rate was measured (16.82 %) followed by neglect against child laborers (12.9 %). Witness victimization, financial exploitation, forced work, and work intensification were also observed as notable forms of maltreatment. A thematic analysis suggests that the victims and caregivers' characteristics and socio-cultural practices are strong predictors of maltreatment. Parental dysfunctions were also associated with rates of child labor victimization followed by poverty. The review found maltreated children were often traumatized and manifest specific phobias (38.79 %), social phobias (30.2 %), conduct disorders (20.6 %), and obsessions (18.21 %), which are significantly associated (p < 0.05) across studies.
CONCLUSIONS
While the methodical study base is limited, the results of this review can inform further research on violence against child laborers.
Topics: Caregivers; Child; Child Abuse; Crime Victims; Humans; Physical Abuse; Prevalence
PubMed: 33831788
DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105052 -
Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive &... May 2022Burns often cause severe physical and mental suffering and can become a trigger for the development of permanent psychological diseases, even after wound healing.... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Burns often cause severe physical and mental suffering and can become a trigger for the development of permanent psychological diseases, even after wound healing. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is one such disorder, which involves the re-experiencing of many symptoms provoked by a previous traumatic situation.
METHOD
This study is a systematic review of interventions used to reduce or prevent PTSD symptoms in burn victims. We included randomized clinical trials that described therapeutic interventions for the prevention of PTSD in burn patients. The search was conducted in the databases EMBASE and PUBMED/Medline between 2009 and 2020, and the main variables evaluated were%TBSA, age, number of hospitalization days, type of intervention, follow-up time and results. The analysis of the bias risk was carried out according to the guidance in the Cochrane Handbook for Bias Risk Assessment.
RESULTS
Eight clinical trials were selected: three of them were performed in children, and five involved adults. The most common bias risks were related to participant/researcher blinding and loss of follow-up. Two interventions were identified: a pharmacological intervention and a psychological intervention. Medications (sertraline and propanolol) were not effective in reducing stress symptoms. Four studies used cognitive-behavioral therapies, which achieved the best results for PTSD improvement in burn patients. Hypnosis and an informational education program were also evaluated and did not show success in reducing PTSD.
CONCLUSION
Cognitive-behavioral therapies may work to reduce PTSD symptoms in burn patients, and when they are adopted early by burn units, they may improve the psychological condition of burn patients.
Topics: Adult; Anxiety; Child; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Humans; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
PubMed: 35361563
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2022.02.052 -
Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases Sep 2020Alström Syndrome (ALMS) is an ultra-rare multisystem genetic disorder caused by autosomal recessive variants in the ALMS1 gene, which is located on chromosome 2p13....
Alström Syndrome (ALMS) is an ultra-rare multisystem genetic disorder caused by autosomal recessive variants in the ALMS1 gene, which is located on chromosome 2p13. ALMS is a multisystem, progressive disease characterised by visual disturbance, hearing impairment, cardiomyopathy, childhood obesity, extreme insulin resistance, accelerated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), renal dysfunction, respiratory disease, endocrine and urologic disorders. Clinical symptoms first appear in infancy with great variability in age of onset and severity. ALMS has an estimated incidence of 1 case per 1,000,000 live births and ethnically or geographically isolated populations have a higher-than-average frequency. The rarity and complexity of the syndrome and the lack of expertise can lead to delayed diagnosis, misdiagnosis and inadequate care. Multidisciplinary and multiprofessional teams of experts are essential for the management of patients with ALMS, as early diagnosis and intervention can slow the progression of multi-organ dysfunctions and improve patient quality of life.These guidelines are intended to define standard of care for patients suspected or diagnosed with ALMS of any age. All information contained in this document has originated from a systematic review of the literature and the experiences of the authors in their care of patients with ALMS. The Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation (AGREE II) system was adopted for the development of the guidelines and for defining the related levels of evidence and strengths of recommendations.These guidelines are addressed to: a) specialist centres, other hospital-based medical teams and staffs involved with the care of ALMS patients, b) family physicians and other primary caregivers and c) patients and their families.
Topics: Alstrom Syndrome; Child; Consensus; Humans; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Quality of Life
PubMed: 32958032
DOI: 10.1186/s13023-020-01468-8 -
Health Research Policy and Systems Sep 2023Globally, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic tested the resilience of the health system and its shock-absorbing capacity to continue offering healthcare... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Globally, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic tested the resilience of the health system and its shock-absorbing capacity to continue offering healthcare services. The available evidences does not provide comprehensive insight into primary health care (PHC) system functioning across low- and middle- income countries (LMICs) during the pandemic. Therefore, the objective of this scoping review was to generate evidence on the resilience of PHC systems in LMICs during the COVID-19 pandemic.
METHODS
A scoping review was carried out utilizing an iterative search strategy using the National Library of Medicine (NLM) and the WHO COVID-19 electronic databases. Data from the identified studies in LMICs were charted in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist in the first step. The analysis framework was adapted and modified using COVID-19 and health systems resilience framework developed by Sagan et al., Blanchet et al., and the WHO position paper on 'Building health systems resilience for universal health coverage and health security during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond'. A total of 26 documents were included on the basis of predefined eligibility criteria for our analysis.
RESULTS
Our review explored data from 44 LMICs that implemented strategies at the PHC level during the COVID-19 pandemic. Most of the LMICs developed national guidelines on sexual, reproductive, maternal, newborn, child, and adolescent health (SRMNCAH). Most of the countries also transformed and reoriented PHC service delivery by introducing digital healthcare services to continue essential services. Task shifting, task sharing, and redeployment of retired staff were some frequently adopted health workforce strategies adopted by most of the countries. Only a few of the countries demonstrated the availability of necessary monetary resources to respond to the pandemic.
CONCLUSIONS
The functionality of the PHC system during the COVID-19 pandemic was demonstrated by a variety of resilience strategies across the six building blocks of the health system. To strengthen PHC resilience, we recommend strengthening community-based PHC, cross-sectoral collaboration, establishing surveillance systems, capacity building in financial risk planning, and investing in strengthening the digital healthcare system.
Topics: United States; Adolescent; Child; Infant, Newborn; Humans; COVID-19; Developing Countries; Pandemics; Adolescent Health; Health Workforce
PubMed: 37723533
DOI: 10.1186/s12961-023-01031-4 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Apr 2022Since the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) approval in 2005, the application of robotic surgery (RS) in gynecology has been adopted all over the world. This study... (Review)
Review
Since the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) approval in 2005, the application of robotic surgery (RS) in gynecology has been adopted all over the world. This study aimed to provide an update on RS in benign gynecological pathology by reporting the scientific recommendations and high-value scientific literature available to date. A systematic review of the literature was performed. Prospective randomized clinical trials (RCT) and large retrospective trials were included in the present review. Twenty-two studies were considered eligible for the review: eight studies regarding robotic myomectomy, five studies on robotic hysterectomy, five studies about RS in endometriosis treatment, and four studies on robotic pelvic organ prolapse (POP) treatment. Overall, 12 RCT and 10 retrospective studies were included in the analysis. In total 269,728 patients were enrolled, 1721 in the myomectomy group, 265,100 in the hysterectomy group, 1527 in the endometriosis surgical treatment group, and 1380 patients received treatment for POP. Currently, a minimally invasive approach is suggested in benign gynecological pathologies. According to the available evidence, RS has comparable clinical outcomes compared to laparoscopy (LPS). RS allowed a growing number of patients to gain access to MIS and benefit from a minimally invasive treatment, due to a flattened learning curve and enhanced dexterity and visualization.
Topics: Endometriosis; Female; Gynecologic Surgical Procedures; Gynecology; Humans; Hysterectomy; Laparoscopy; Robotic Surgical Procedures; United States
PubMed: 35454390
DOI: 10.3390/medicina58040552 -
Archives of Women's Mental Health Jun 2024This systematic review aims to summarize the findings of empirical studies conducted in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) examining the relationship between... (Review)
Review
AIMS
This systematic review aims to summarize the findings of empirical studies conducted in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) examining the relationship between postpartum depression and anxiety, and child developmental outcomes measured at 24 months of child's age.
METHODS
The study was performed as per PRISMA guidelines for a systematic review. EBESCO, ProQuest, PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and BMJ databases were examined, along with a forward and backward examination of the citations published. The New Ottawa scales (NOS) was used to assess the quality of the studies. The findings of the studies were integrated using a narrative synthesis approach.
RESULTS
The systematic review revealed that there are 14 studies examining the impact of postpartum depression (n=14) and postpartum anxiety (n=2) across different domains of child development in LMICs. Studies varied regarding the severity and duration of maternal depression, the context and nature of evaluation, and motherinfant characteristics which are important to understand the association between postpartum depression and anxiety and infant development. Maternal depression is negatively associated with language development, socio-emotional and behavioural development while its association with motor and cognitive development is inconsistent. The impact of maternal anxiety on infant development was examined in two studies, and both have identified a negative association. However, the results of the current review need to be interpreted within the scope and limitations of the methodologies adopted by each study details of which are elaborated in the manuscript.
CONCLUSION
Postpartum depression and anxiety can have a wide range of effects on child development. Therefore, periodic infant developmental assessments should become part of routine psychiatric evaluation. There is a need for uniform guidelines for conducting studies and reporting data related to postpartum mental health and child development.
PubMed: 38896155
DOI: 10.1007/s00737-024-01485-7 -
The Journal of Evidence-based Dental... Mar 2022To evaluate the levels of salivary cortisol in adults and children diagnosed with bruxism. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the levels of salivary cortisol in adults and children diagnosed with bruxism.
METHODS
A search strategy was developed using the following terms: "cortisol", "bruxism" and "sleep bruxism". These were searched in databases: Medline, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane, Web of Science, LILACS and gray literature, for studies published until May 2020.
RESULTS
We obtained a total of six primary studies, involving 854 participants, who met the criteria and were included in the present study. The analysis cortisol levels shows a significant difference favourable to the control group 1.10 (95% CI: 0.68-1.53), showing that patients with bruxism have higher values of salivary cortisol. Heterogeneity of I² = 4% (P = .31).
CONCLUSIONS
It was concluded that despite the different methodologies adopted for the collection and analysis of salivary content, this review found significant results of higher levels of salivary cortisol in adult patients with bruxism.
Topics: Adult; Child; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Sleep Bruxism
PubMed: 35219468
DOI: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2021.101634 -
Language, Speech, and Hearing Services... Apr 2022This systematic review identified and synthesized published research articles, written in Japanese, on the clinical effectiveness of a broad range of nonpharmacological...
PURPOSE
This systematic review identified and synthesized published research articles, written in Japanese, on the clinical effectiveness of a broad range of nonpharmacological interventions for school-age children who stutter.
METHOD
A systematic review of Japanese literature published between January 1, 1980, and July 7, 2020, reporting interventions for school-age children who stutter, was carried out through a search of two databases (CiNii Article database and Japan Medical Abstract Society database) using the key words "stuttering" and "school-age" or "child" or "primary school students" or "children" or "school child" in Japanese. To be included in the review, the articles must report studies where data were subjectively reported by clinicians, where school-age participants were treated for developmental stuttering, where participants received interventions conducted by clinicians, and where quantitative outcomes (pre- and/or posttreatment) were measured; and they must be published in Japanese.
RESULTS
Forty articles met all the inclusion criteria. Most articles adopted a case series or single-case study design. A total of 179 intervention programs were identified from all the articles and broadly classified into speech therapy, psychological therapy, interventions for modifying the child's environment, and others.
CONCLUSIONS
Our systematic review provided a broad overview of the treatments used for school-age children who stutter in Japan. Future research should focus on gathering more reliable, systematic, and rigorous evidence to establish the effectiveness of stuttering treatments for school-age children and thereby develop evidence-based practices.
Topics: Behavior Therapy; Child; Evidence-Based Practice; Humans; Japan; Speech Therapy; Stuttering
PubMed: 35157506
DOI: 10.1044/2021_LSHSS-21-00044