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Public Health Nutrition Nov 2021Food literacy (FL) and nutrition literacy (NL) are concepts that can help individuals to navigate the current food environment. Building these skills and knowledge at a... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Food literacy (FL) and nutrition literacy (NL) are concepts that can help individuals to navigate the current food environment. Building these skills and knowledge at a young age is important for skill retention, confidence in food practices and supporting lifelong healthy eating habits. The objectives of this systematic review were to: (i) identify existing tools that measure FL and NL among children and/or adolescents and (ii) describe the psychometric properties.
DESIGN
A 4-phase protocol was used to systematically retrieve articles. The search was performed in May 2021. Study characteristics and psychometric properties were extracted, and a narrative synthesis was used to summarise findings. Risk of bias was assessed using the COSMIN checklist.
SETTING
Six databases were searched to identify current tools.
PARTICIPANTS
Children (2-12 years) and adolescents (13-18 years) participated in this study.
RESULTS
Twelve tools were identified. Three tools measured FL, 1 tool measured NL, 4 tools measured both FL and NL, and 4 tools measured subareas of NL-more specifically, critical NL, food label and menu board literacy. Most tools were self-reported, developed based on a theoretical framework and assessed some components of validity and/or reliability for a specific age and ethnic group. The majority of tools targeted older children and adolescents (9-18 years of age), and one tool targeted preschoolers (3-6 years of age).
CONCLUSIONS
Most widely used definitions of FL and NL do not acknowledge life-stage specific criterion. Continued efforts are needed to develop a comprehensive definition and framework of FL and NL appropriate for children, which will help inform future assessment tools.
PubMed: 34728004
DOI: 10.1017/S1368980021004389 -
Journal of Gerontological Social Work 2023The increase of older workers has resulted in more diversified demographics with a wide spectrum of employees' ages. This change calls for a better understanding of...
The increase of older workers has resulted in more diversified demographics with a wide spectrum of employees' ages. This change calls for a better understanding of intergenerational conflict, in particular ageism. This study aimed to synthesize study findings on workplace ageism by examining the relationship between ageist attitudes and chronological age. A systematic literature review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA; then, 15 studies were included. The results of an intercept-only meta-regression model, using robust variance estimation with a random-effects approach, showed that an increase in workers' age had a significant negative association with the severity of their workplace-based ageist attitudes: b = -.159 (95% CI: -.21, -.11). Thus, the younger the workers, the more severe their ageist attitudes toward others in different age groups in the workplace. The findings offer implications for occupational social work practice in terms of priority in anti-ageism education and training among different age groups.
PubMed: 36576878
DOI: 10.1080/01634372.2022.2161685 -
Open Heart Jul 2023Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by enzyme deficiency, leading to glycosphingolipid accumulation. Cardiac accumulation triggers local...
INTRODUCTION
Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by enzyme deficiency, leading to glycosphingolipid accumulation. Cardiac accumulation triggers local tissue injury, electrical instability and arrhythmia. Bradyarrhythmia and atrial fibrillation (AF) incidence are reported in up to 16% and 13%, respectively.
OBJECTIVE
We conducted a systematic review evaluating AF burden and bradycardia requiring permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation and report any predictive risk factors identified.
METHODS
We conducted a literature search on studies in adults with FD published from inception to July 2019. Study outcomes included AF or bradycardia requiring therapy. Databases included Embase, Medline, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL and Cochrane. The Risk of Bias Agreement tool for Non-Randomised Studies (RoBANS) was utilised to assess bias across key areas.
RESULTS
11 studies were included, eight providing data on AF incidence or PPM implantation. Weighted estimate of event rates for AF were 12.2% and 10% for PPM. Age was associated with AF (OR 1.05-1.20 per 1-year increase in age) and a risk factor for PPM implantation (composite OR 1.03). Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) was associated with AF and PPM implantation.
CONCLUSION
Evidence supporting AF and bradycardia requiring pacemaker implantation is limited to single-centre studies. Incidence is variable and choice of diagnostic modality plays a role in detection rate. Predictors for AF (age, LVH and atrial dilatation) and PPM (age, LVH and PR/QRS interval) were identified but strength of association was low. Incidence of AF and PPM implantation in FD are variably reported with arrhythmia burden likely much higher than previously thought.
PROSPERO DATABASE
CRD42019132045.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Bradycardia; Atrial Fibrillation; Fabry Disease; Incidence; Pacemaker, Artificial
PubMed: 37460269
DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2023-002316 -
Journal of Preventive Medicine and... Jun 2021We aimed to estimate the prevalence of reported symptoms and comorbidities, and investigate the factors associated with age of the SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVES
We aimed to estimate the prevalence of reported symptoms and comorbidities, and investigate the factors associated with age of the SARS-CoV-2 infected patients.
METHODS
We performed a systematic review with meta-analysis (PROSPERO registration: CRD42020182677) where the databases (PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE, WHO, Semantic Scholar, and COVID-19 Primer) were searched for clinical studies published from January to April, 2020. Initially, the pooled prevalence of symptoms and comorbidity of COVID-19 patients were estimated using random effect model and the age -related factors were identified performing multivariate analysis [factor analysis].
RESULTS
Twenty-nine articles with 4,884 COVID-19 patients were included in this study. Altogether, we found 33 symptoms and 44 comorbidities where the most frequent 19 symptoms and 11 comorbidities were included in the meta-analysis. The fever (84%), cough/dry cough (61%), and fatigue/weakness (42%) were found more prevalent while acute respiratory distress syndrome, hypertension and diabetes were the most prevalent comorbid condition. The factor analysis showed positive association between a cluster of symptoms and comorbidities with patients' age. The symptoms comprising fever, dyspnea/shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dizziness, anorexia and pharyngalgia; and the comorbidities including diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease, COPD/lung disease and ARDS were the factors positively associated with COVID-19 patient's age.
CONCLUSION
As an unique effort, this study found a group of symptoms (fever, dyspnea/shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dizziness, anorexia and pharyngalgia) and comorbidities (diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease, COPD/lung disease and ARDS), associated with the age of COVID-19 infected patients.
Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; COVID-19; Comorbidity; Female; Fever; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pandemics; Prevalence; Risk Factors; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 34604574
DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2021.62.2.1946 -
Urologic Oncology Jul 2022The incidence and outcomes of bladder cancer (BCa) have apparent sex differences. Various observational studies have demonstrated that the age of menarche might be... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
The incidence and outcomes of bladder cancer (BCa) have apparent sex differences. Various observational studies have demonstrated that the age of menarche might be associated with female BCa. To explore this relationship, a meta-analysis and systematic review were performed based on available studies.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for studies published up to October 1, 2021. Two reviewers independently extracted related data between age of menarche and BCa risk from the included studies. The Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale was applied to evaluate the quality of the studies. The relative risk (RR) ratio and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were then calculated.
RESULTS
A total of 12 studies containing 3,719 BCa cases and 1,350,207 women, were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled data showed that the age of menarche was not significantly associated with BCa risk (RR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.85-1.08), although the evidence was of moderate quality. Similar results were observed in case-control (RR = 1.33, 95% CI = 0.77-2.21) and cohort studies (RR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.84-1.07). Moreover, subgroup analyses based on study quality, population, exposure assessment, and several potential important confounders and risk factors revealed similar results. No evidence of publication bias and significant heterogeneity was found among these studies. Furthermore, a random-effects dose-response meta-regression model was established, which revealed negative results.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggested that the age of menarche was not associated with BCa risk in women. However, these findings needed to be further confirmed given the limitations and potential biases.
Topics: Case-Control Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Menarche; Odds Ratio; Risk Factors; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
PubMed: 35400567
DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2022.02.022 -
Sports (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2023Sports participation and the risk of osteoarthritis (OA) have been a concern for decades. Few research efforts have been dedicated to clarify this issue for females,... (Review)
Review
Sports participation and the risk of osteoarthritis (OA) have been a concern for decades. Few research efforts have been dedicated to clarify this issue for females, although they are considered at greater risk of developing OA than males. In contrast, several reviews have established an association between sports participation and OA for males. The aim of the systematic review was to assess the association between OA and participation in popular sports for females. PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar were searched and yielded 578 articles. Nine eligible studies were included and covered ballet (age range: 19-54 years), running or tennis (age range: 40-65 years), Olympic sports (age range: not specified), volleyball (age range: 16.0 ± 0.8 to 46.8 ± 5.1 years), and cross-country skiing (age range: 15 to ≥60 years). For females, participating in sports at an elite level was associated with a higher risk of OA and an increased need for surgical treatment. At non-elite level, it was associated with a higher risk of OA, but it did not materialize to an increased risk for surgical treatment. Few studies compared females and males, and these studies suggested that sex did not affect the risk of developing OA from participating in sports. Nevertheless, to isolate the precise effect of sports participation on the development of OA remains difficult as injuries are common among athletes and are independently associated with an increased risk of OA.
PubMed: 38251289
DOI: 10.3390/sports12010015 -
Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) Jul 2023Familial hyperaldosteronism type 1 (FH1), previously known as glucocorticoid-remediable aldosteronism, was the first identified monogenic cause of primary aldosteronism....
BACKGROUND
Familial hyperaldosteronism type 1 (FH1), previously known as glucocorticoid-remediable aldosteronism, was the first identified monogenic cause of primary aldosteronism. Patients classically develop hypertension at a young age and are at risk of premature vascular complications. A systematic review of FH1 was performed to determine long-term treatment outcomes.
METHODS
Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we conducted searches with a patient/population, intervention, comparison and outcomes (PICO) framework using Embase, Medline, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases to identify patients with FH1 prescribed either no treatment with a minimum 3 months follow-up or medical treatment of at least 3 months duration.
RESULTS
A total of 99 FH1 cases were identified from 42 studies. Most had early-onset hypertension but variable hypokalemia, hyperaldosteronism, and hyporeninemia. Of the 62 cases with a reported age of FH1 diagnosis, median age was 18 ± 17.6 years old. Of those treated, 72% received a glucocorticoid for long-term treatment compared with 22% receiving a potassium-sparing diuretic. Data on long-term treatment and disease side effects, complications, and outcomes were seldom reported. However, of 20 patients with reported complications, premature vascular complications were evident with the median age of diagnosis for left ventricular hypertrophy and hypertensive retinopathy 15 and 16.5 years old respectively, the youngest age of aortic dissection age 10 years, and those with reported cerebrovascular history had strokes or transient ischemic attacks before age 40 years.
CONCLUSIONS
Major gaps in the literature around FH1 patients' long-term treatment and disease outcomes still exist. Long-term outcome data are required to help inform clinicians of the best long-term treatment for FH1.
Topics: Humans; Infant; Child, Preschool; Child; Adolescent; Young Adult; Adult; Hyperaldosteronism; Glucocorticoids; Hypertension; Hypokalemia
PubMed: 37170822
DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.123.21054 -
Brain Sciences Jul 2021The olfactory system is particularly vulnerable in an ageing brain, both anatomically and functionally, and these brain changes are more pronounced among individuals... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
The olfactory system is particularly vulnerable in an ageing brain, both anatomically and functionally, and these brain changes are more pronounced among individuals with trisomy 21. Furthermore, the age of the system starts to deteriorate, and the mechanism involved is unclear in an individual with trisomy 21. Therefore, the present review aims to summarise the available information related to this topic and to suggest questions still unanswered which can be a subject of further research.
METHODS
A systematic literature search of trisomy 21 and olfactory dysfunction was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus electronic database following PRISMA guidelines. References and citations were checked in the Google Scholar database. Reports were extracted for information on demographics and psychophysical evaluation. Then, the reports were systematically reviewed based on the effects of ageing on the three olfactory domains: threshold, discrimination, and identification.
RESULTS
Participants with trisomy 21 show an early onset of olfactory impairment, and the age effect of the olfactory deficit is fully expressed at age > 30 years old. The three olfactory domains, threshold, discrimination, and identification, are suggested to be impaired in trisomy 21 participants with age > 30 years old.
CONCLUSIONS
Olfactory dysfunction in an individual with trisomy 21 commences at a relatively young age and affects the three olfactory domains. A challenge for the future is to quantitatively establish the olfactory function of an individual with trisomy 21 at all ages with more detailed measurements to further understand the pathophysiology of this brain deterioration.
PubMed: 34356186
DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11070952 -
Journal of Cancer Survivorship :... Feb 2023Breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) has been widely reported in the medical literature. Various patient characteristics, including age, have been investigated as... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) has been widely reported in the medical literature. Various patient characteristics, including age, have been investigated as possible risk factors for this disease entity, but the existence and direction of the cause-and-effect relationship are still unclear. In this review, we aimed to evaluate the effect of age on development of BRCL.
METHODS
PubMed, Scopus, and Ovid MEDLINE were searched for relevant articles, which were found to be published between 1974 and 2020.
RESULTS
Twenty-six studies involving 19,396 patients were selected. The average age of patients was 54.9. 26 studies were included in the final analysis, and 13 articles reported no association between age and BCRL development.
CONCLUSIONS
Though studies presented different findings, the majority did not identify age as a risk factor for development of lymphedema. However, the level of evidence of individual studies was low. In this article, we call attention to the need for uniform design of lymphedema studies and diagnosis.
IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS
All patients should be informed and screened regularly for lymphedema during and after the treatment independent of their age.
Topics: Humans; Female; Breast Neoplasms; Cancer Survivors; Lymphedema; Risk Factors
PubMed: 33486706
DOI: 10.1007/s11764-021-00994-z -
Psychology and Aging Aug 2019This systematic review and meta-analysis quantifies the magnitude and breadth of age-related differences in trust. Thirty-eight independent data sets met criteria for... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
This systematic review and meta-analysis quantifies the magnitude and breadth of age-related differences in trust. Thirty-eight independent data sets met criteria for inclusion. Overall, there was a moderate effect of age group on trust (g = 0.22), whereby older adults were more trusting than young adults. Three additional meta-analyses assessed age-related differences in trust in response to varying degrees of trustworthiness. This revealed that older adults were more trusting than young adults in response to neutral (g = 0.31) and negative (g = 0.33), but not positive (g = 0.15), indicators of trustworthiness. The effect of age group on trust in response to positive and neutral cues was moderated by type of trust (financial vs. nonfinancial) and type of responding (self-report vs. behavioral). Older adults were more trusting than young adults in response to positive and neutral indicators of trustworthiness when trust was expressed nonfinancially, but not financially. There was also an age-related increase in self-reported, but not behavioral, trust in response to neutral cues. Older adults were more trusting than young adults in response to negative indicators of trustworthiness regardless of the type of trust or type of responding. The reliability of information about trustworthiness did not moderate any of the effects of age group on trust. Implications of these findings and directions for future research are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Humans; Male; Reproducibility of Results; Trust; Young Adult
PubMed: 31169379
DOI: 10.1037/pag0000368