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Psychology and Aging Aug 2019This systematic review and meta-analysis quantifies the magnitude and breadth of age-related differences in trust. Thirty-eight independent data sets met criteria for... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
This systematic review and meta-analysis quantifies the magnitude and breadth of age-related differences in trust. Thirty-eight independent data sets met criteria for inclusion. Overall, there was a moderate effect of age group on trust (g = 0.22), whereby older adults were more trusting than young adults. Three additional meta-analyses assessed age-related differences in trust in response to varying degrees of trustworthiness. This revealed that older adults were more trusting than young adults in response to neutral (g = 0.31) and negative (g = 0.33), but not positive (g = 0.15), indicators of trustworthiness. The effect of age group on trust in response to positive and neutral cues was moderated by type of trust (financial vs. nonfinancial) and type of responding (self-report vs. behavioral). Older adults were more trusting than young adults in response to positive and neutral indicators of trustworthiness when trust was expressed nonfinancially, but not financially. There was also an age-related increase in self-reported, but not behavioral, trust in response to neutral cues. Older adults were more trusting than young adults in response to negative indicators of trustworthiness regardless of the type of trust or type of responding. The reliability of information about trustworthiness did not moderate any of the effects of age group on trust. Implications of these findings and directions for future research are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Humans; Male; Reproducibility of Results; Trust; Young Adult
PubMed: 31169379
DOI: 10.1037/pag0000368 -
Fertility and Sterility Dec 2022The negative effect of advanced female age on fertility and offspring health is well understood. In comparison, much less is known about the implications of male age on... (Review)
Review
The negative effect of advanced female age on fertility and offspring health is well understood. In comparison, much less is known about the implications of male age on fertility, with many studies showing conflicting results. Nevertheless, increasing evidence suggests that advanced paternal age has negative effects on sperm parameters, reproductive success, and offspring health. Herein, we summarize the current body of knowledge on this controversial topic, with the belief that this review will serve as a resource for the clinicians providing fertility counseling to couples with older male partners.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Semen; Fertility; Paternal Age; Aging; Reproduction
PubMed: 36509505
DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2022.10.035 -
International Journal of Obesity (2005) Sep 2021Obesity is a public health challenge worldwide. The relationship between obesity and age-related eye diseases including cataract, glaucoma, age-related macular...
BACKGROUND
Obesity is a public health challenge worldwide. The relationship between obesity and age-related eye diseases including cataract, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) have remained elusive.
DESIGN AND METHODS
We conducted a systematic review of three electronic databases for longitudinal population-based studies that described associations between measures of obesity including body mass index (BMI), waist-circumference (WC), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and age-related eye diseases.
RESULTS
Our search yielded 1731 articles, of which 14, 10, 16 and 8 articles met our eligibility criteria for cataract, glaucoma, AMD and DR, respectively. BMI-defined obesity was positively associated with incident cataract, incident AMD and incident DR in Western populations, but in Asian populations associations for incident AMD were not significant and associations for incident DR were inverse. WC-defined obesity was associated with incident glaucoma in non-Western populations. WHR-defined obesity but not BMI-defined obesity was associated with the incidence or progression of AMD in two Western studies.
CONCLUSIONS
Overall, we found strong evidence supporting associations between obesity and age-related eye diseases. Further research on the association of abdominal obesity and effect of weight loss and physical activity on age-related eye diseases is warranted to support clinical and public health recommendations.
Topics: Age Factors; Body Mass Index; Eye Diseases; Humans; Incidence; Obesity; Risk Factors
PubMed: 33963292
DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00829-y -
Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery :... Apr 2023Photodamage is caused by chronic sun exposure and ultraviolet radiation and presents as wrinkles, sagging, and pigmented spots. An increase in the ultraviolet index can... (Review)
Review
Photodamage is caused by chronic sun exposure and ultraviolet radiation and presents as wrinkles, sagging, and pigmented spots. An increase in the ultraviolet index can increase a person's perceived age by worsening skin photodamage. However, since the ultraviolet index varies considerably between geographical regions, perceived age might vary substantially among them. This review aims to describe the differences in chronological and perceived age in regions of the world with different ultraviolet indexes. A literature search of three databases was conducted for studies analyzing perceived age and its relationship to sun exposure. Ultraviolet indexes from the included studies were retrieved from the National Weather Service and the Tropospheric Emission Monitoring Internet Service. Out of 104 studies, seven fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Overall, 3,352 patients were evaluated for perceived age. All studies found that patients with the highest daily sun exposures had the highest perceived ages for their chronological age ( 0.05). People with high sun exposure behaviors living in regions with high ultraviolet indexes will look significantly older than same-aged peers living in lower ultraviolet index regions.
PubMed: 37153341
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1759696 -
Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) Oct 2022To review evidence of the effects of stunting, or height-for-age, on schooling level and schooling trajectories, defined as the combination of school entry age, grade... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
AIM
To review evidence of the effects of stunting, or height-for-age, on schooling level and schooling trajectories, defined as the combination of school entry age, grade repetition and dropouts.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic review of studies (last update 20 March 2021) that assessed the association between stunting, or height-for-age, and at least one component of school trajectory using five databases (PubMed, Embase, Education Resources Information Center [ERIC], Web of Science and PsycINFO). Two independent reviewers performed study selection and data extraction. Pooled effects were calculated using the generic inverse variance weighting random-effect model. The risk of bias was assessed using the ROBINS-I tool (PROSPERO ID: CRD42020198346).
RESULTS
We screened 3944 articles, and 16 were eligible for the qualitative and quantitative syntheses. Meta-analysis showed that an increase in height-for-age leads to an increase in early enrolment [OR = 1.34 (95% CI, 1.07-1.67)], a reduction in late enrolment [OR = 0.63 (95% CI, 0.51-0.78)], an increase in schooling level [MD = 0.24 (95% CI, 0.14-0.34)] and a reduction in school overage [OR = 0.79 (95% CI, 0.70-0.90)]. Stunted children were more likely to repeat a grade than non-stunted [OR = 1.59 (95% CI, 1.18-2.14)].
CONCLUSION
This review suggests that stunting in childhood might negatively affect school trajectories. Future research should evaluate the effect of stunting on school trajectories and the modification effect of socioeconomic status.
Topics: Academic Performance; Body Height; Child; Developing Countries; Growth Disorders; Humans; Schools
PubMed: 35691004
DOI: 10.1111/apa.16449 -
European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Nov 2019There is a growing international literature investigating the relationship between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and younger relative age within the...
There is a growing international literature investigating the relationship between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and younger relative age within the school year, but results have been mixed. There are no published systematic reviews on this topic. This study aimed to systematically review the published studies on the relative age effect in ADHD. Systematic database searches of: Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, ERIC, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection and The Cochrane Library were conducted. Studies were selected which investigated the relative age effect in ADHD in children and adolescents. Twenty papers were included in the review. Sixteen (of 20) papers reported a significantly higher proportion of relatively younger children being diagnosed with ADHD and/or receiving medication for this. Meta-analyses involving 17 of these 20 papers revealed a modest relative age effect in countries with higher prescribing rates, risk ratio = 1.27 (95% CI 1.19-1.35) for receipt of medication. The relative age effect is well demonstrated in countries with known higher prescribing rates. Amongst other countries, there is also increasing evidence for the relative age effect, however, there is high heterogeneity amongst studies. Further research is needed to understand the possible reasons under-pinning the relative age effect and to inform attempts to reduce it.
Topics: Adolescent; Age Factors; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Child; Female; Humans
PubMed: 30293121
DOI: 10.1007/s00787-018-1229-6 -
Cancer Medicine Apr 2021While evidence suggests an increasing incidence of tongue cancer in young adults, published findings regarding the prognostic role of age at diagnosis are inconsistent.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
While evidence suggests an increasing incidence of tongue cancer in young adults, published findings regarding the prognostic role of age at diagnosis are inconsistent. We performed a meta-analysis of the literature to highlight key points that might help in understanding the association between age of oral tongue cancer patients at diagnosis and their prognosis. According to age at diagnosis, a systematic literature review of all published cohort studies assessing the recurrence risks and mortality associated with tongue cancer was conducted. We compared the risk estimates between patients aged >45 years and those aged <45 years at diagnosis. Random-effects models were used to calculate summary relative risk estimates (SRRs) according to different clinical outcomes and sources of between-study heterogeneity (I ) and bias. We included 31 independent cohort studies published between 1989 and 2019; these studies included a total of 28,288 patients. When risk estimations were not adjusted for confounders, no significant association was found between age at diagnosis and overall survival (OS). Conversely, after adjustment for confounders, older age at diagnosis was associated with a significantly increased risk of mortality. The difference between SRRs for adjusted and unadjusted estimates was significant (p < 0.01). Younger patients had a significantly higher risk of local recurrence. Younger patients with oral tongue cancer have better OS but a greater risk of recurrence than older patients. These findings should be validated in a large prospective cohort study which considers all confounders and prognostic factors.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Australia; Disease-Free Survival; Humans; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplasms, Squamous Cell; Prognosis; Risk Factors; Tongue Neoplasms; United States
PubMed: 33760398
DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3795 -
Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica May 2020To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the existing evidence on the association between age at migration and the risk of psychotic disorders. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the existing evidence on the association between age at migration and the risk of psychotic disorders.
METHODS
Observational studies were eligible for inclusion if they presented data on the association between age at migration and the risk of psychotic disorders among first-generation migrant groups. We used two random effects meta-analyses to pool effect estimates for each stratum of age at migration relative to (i) a native-born reference category and (ii) the youngest age stratum (0 to 2 years).
RESULTS
Ten studies met inclusion criteria, and five were included in the meta-analysis. The risk of psychotic disorder among people who migrate prior to age 18 is nearly twice as high as the native-born population, with no evidence of effect modification by age strata. People who migrate during early adulthood (19 to 29 years) have a similar risk of psychotic disorder as the native-born population (IRR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.60, 1.44) and a lower risk relative to those who migrate during infancy (0 to 2 years) (IRR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.33, 1.04).
CONCLUSIONS
Migrant status is one of few well-established risk factors for psychotic disorder, yet we have limited understanding of the underlying etiology. The findings of this review advance our understanding of this association and identify high-risk groups to target for intervention.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Child; Child, Preschool; Emigrants and Immigrants; Emigration and Immigration; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Observational Studies as Topic; Psychotic Disorders; Refugees; Risk Factors; Socioeconomic Factors; Young Adult
PubMed: 31903545
DOI: 10.1111/acps.13147 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2020This systematic review aimed to provide an overview of earlier research on the relationships between age conceptualizations (i.e., calendar age, organizational age,...
This systematic review aimed to provide an overview of earlier research on the relationships between age conceptualizations (i.e., calendar age, organizational age, lifespan age, psychosocial age, and functional age) and indicators of employability. We have conducted a systematic literature search using PsycINFO, Academic Search Premier, Business Source Complete, CINAHL, ERIC, MEDLINE, and Science Direct. Two raters evaluated the articles and subsequently distinguished = 41 studies that met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review. Our review revealed that many researchers adopted different operationalizations to measure employability (15 studies were based on an input- or competence-based measure of employability, 23 studies included an output- or labor market-based measure of employability, and three studies included a combination of both measures). Moreover, most studies included calendar age (40 studies, 97.6%) as indicator of aging at work, and were based on a cross-sectional design (34 studies, 82.9%; 17.1% a longitudinal design). Based on the Standardized Index of Convergence (SIC) method, different types of evidence were found for the relationships between age and the employability measures. For relationships between psychosocial age and lifespan age, on the one hand, and employability measures, on the other hand, too few studies were found to draw conclusions. Yet, for relationships between calendar age and labor market-based measures strong consistent negative relationships were found across the studies, and moderately strong positive relationships were found for functional age and labor market- based measures. For organizational age and both competence-based as well as labor market-based measures moderately strong negative relationships were found. We discuss the implications of these results and propose a research agenda for future studies.
PubMed: 33613362
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.605684 -
Sleep Medicine Reviews Jun 2023This meta-analysis aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of (adeno)tonsillectomy (AT) for uncomplicated pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) across different... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
This meta-analysis aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of (adeno)tonsillectomy (AT) for uncomplicated pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) across different age groups. Four electronic databases were searched until April 2022, and 93 studies (9087 participants) were selected, including before-after studies, cohort studies, and randomized controlled trials. It has been suggested that age, disease severity, and length of follow-up are associated with surgical effects. Compared with older children (>7 years), patients receiving AT surgery before the age of 7 exhibited a significantly greater release of disease severity, as well as a greater decrease in hypoxemic burden, improvement in sleep quality, and better cardiovascular function. Cognitive/behavioral performance also improved after AT, although it was more related to the length of follow-up than the age at surgery. Notably, the surgical complication rate was considerably higher in patients younger than 3 years old. Overall, we suggest that the age of 3-7 years might be optimal for AT in polysomnography-diagnosed uncomplicated OSA to maximize potential benefits for both disease and comorbidities and balance the risks of surgery.
Topics: Child; Humans; Adolescent; Child, Preschool; Tonsillectomy; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive; Polysomnography; Adenoidectomy
PubMed: 37121134
DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2023.101782