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Journal of Applied Gerontology : the... May 2023While ≧10,000 Americans turn 65 years old every day, only 10% of American homes are "aging ready." Unsafe homes can exacerbate disability, lead to falls, and increase... (Review)
Review
While ≧10,000 Americans turn 65 years old every day, only 10% of American homes are "aging ready." Unsafe homes can exacerbate disability, lead to falls, and increase the likelihood of hospitalization. With increased investments in home and community-based services, public health stakeholders are considering home modifications to promote successful aging. While several home modification models exist, there is significant heterogeneity between models and no consensus on critical features. PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science were reviewed and twelve randomized controlled trials of home modifications for older adults were identified and evaluated for model structure, reported outcomes, and risk of bias. Overall, occupational therapist-driven home modifications supplemented with clinical, physical activity, and/or behavioral components saw the greatest success. This systematic review discusses the components of these models, highlights particularly effective and frequently used features, and the practice and research needed to create effective next-generation home modification models which promote healthy longevity.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Aging; Exercise; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 36655622
DOI: 10.1177/07334648231151669 -
Fertility and Sterility Dec 2022The negative effect of advanced female age on fertility and offspring health is well understood. In comparison, much less is known about the implications of male age on... (Review)
Review
The negative effect of advanced female age on fertility and offspring health is well understood. In comparison, much less is known about the implications of male age on fertility, with many studies showing conflicting results. Nevertheless, increasing evidence suggests that advanced paternal age has negative effects on sperm parameters, reproductive success, and offspring health. Herein, we summarize the current body of knowledge on this controversial topic, with the belief that this review will serve as a resource for the clinicians providing fertility counseling to couples with older male partners.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Semen; Fertility; Paternal Age; Aging; Reproduction
PubMed: 36509505
DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2022.10.035 -
Ageing Research Reviews Dec 2022Emerging evidence suggests that the intestinal microbiota (IM) undergoes remodelling as we age, and this impacts the ageing trajectory and mortality in older adults. The... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Emerging evidence suggests that the intestinal microbiota (IM) undergoes remodelling as we age, and this impacts the ageing trajectory and mortality in older adults. The aim was to investigate IM diversity differences between frail and non-frail older adults by meta-analysing previous studies.
METHODS
The protocol of this systematic review with meta-analysis was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021276733). We searched for studies comparing IM diversity of frail and non-frail older adults indexed on PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science in November 2021.
RESULTS
We included 11 studies with 1239 participants, of which 340 were meta-analysed. Frailty was defined by a variety of criteria (i.e. Fried Scale, European Consensus on Sarcopenia). There were no differences in the meta-analyses between the frail and non-frail groups for species richness index (SMD = -0.147; 95% CI = -0.394, 0.100; p = 0.243) and species diversity index (SMD = -0.033; 95% CI = -0.315, 0.250; p = 0.820). However, we identified almost 50 differences between frail and non-frail within the relative abundance of bacteria phyla, families, genera, and species in the primary studies.
CONCLUSIONS
The evidence to prove that there are differences between frail and non-frail IM diversity by meta-analysis is still lacking. The present results suggest that further investigation into the role of specific bacteria, their function, and their influence on the physiopathology of frailty is needed.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Frailty; Sarcopenia; Aging
PubMed: 36349647
DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101773 -
Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Aug 2023The upper lip area is an important component of facial aesthetics, and aging produces an increase in the vertical height of the upper lip. Different upper lip lifting... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The upper lip area is an important component of facial aesthetics, and aging produces an increase in the vertical height of the upper lip. Different upper lip lifting techniques are described in the literature.
OBJECTIVES
This systematic review aimed to assess both invasive and noninvasive upper lip lifting techniques with patient satisfaction, adverse effects, and quantitative measurements of lifting efficiency.
METHODS
This study was conducted per PRISMA guidelines. MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE (OvidSP), and Cochrane Library database were searched from September 14, 2022, to October 12, 2022. Inclusion criteria were reporting on upper lip lift efficiency with quantitative measurements of the lifting degree.
RESULTS
Out of 495 studies through the search strategy, nine articles were included in the systematic review, eight for surgical procedures and one for nonsurgical. Surgical procedures seem to have better longevity than nonsurgical techniques. Reported patient satisfaction for both surgical and nonsurgical treatments was good with no severe complaints. The quantitative measures differ between researches and may be classified into two metrics: anatomy ratio computation using photographic analysis or direct height measurement with a caliper and precise parameters utilizing a three-dimensional method.
CONCLUSION
In general, surgical therapies seem to have a longer-lasting lifting effect on upper lip lifts with an inevitable scar, while nonsurgical techniques are minimally invasive but temporary. There was a lack of consistency in the measurements used to assess lifting efficiency. A consistent quantitative assessment can be beneficial for both clinical decision-making and high-level evidence research.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
Topics: Humans; Lip; Aging; Cicatrix; Patient Satisfaction; Evidence-Based Medicine; Esthetics
PubMed: 36856780
DOI: 10.1007/s00266-023-03302-5 -
International Journal of Public Health 2023To systematically review the epidemiology of frailty in China, one of the world's most populous countries, and to provide insightful guidance for countries to deal with... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
To systematically review the epidemiology of frailty in China, one of the world's most populous countries, and to provide insightful guidance for countries to deal with fast population ageing. Six electronic databases were searched until November 2022. Data from cross-sectional studies with a clear definition of frailty and a mean age ≥60 years were pooled using meta-analysis. 64 studies ( = 106,826 participants) from 23 (67.6%) of China's provinces were included. The overall prevalence of frailty and prefrailty among older community dwellers was 10.1% (95% CI: 8.5%-11.7%) and 43.9% (95% CI: 40.1%-47.8%), respectively. Adults over 70 years, women, unmarried, living alone, and those with less education had higher odds of being frail. Furthermore, regional disparities in frailty were observed; people in rural areas or areas with worse economic conditions had a higher prevalence of frailty. A great variation in frailty prevalence was observed between subgroups of older adults stratified by common risk factors. The Chinese government should pay more attentions to seniors at high risk and regions with a high prevalence of frailty.
Topics: Humans; Female; Aged; Middle Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Frailty; Independent Living; Prevalence; Aging
PubMed: 37588041
DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2023.1605964 -
The Level of Expectations Regarding Aging Among Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Journal of the American Medical... Mar 2024To systematically review the level of expectations regarding aging (ERA) among older adults. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
To systematically review the level of expectations regarding aging (ERA) among older adults.
DESIGN
Systematic review and meta-analysis.
SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS
Adults aged 60 years and older in any setting.
METHODS
We searched 11 databases for cross-sectional studies that reported ERA scores among older adults using the ERA survey from inception to May 1, 2022, without language restrictions. Two researchers independently selected studies, extracted data, and assessed quality. The mean scores and standard deviations of the ERA survey and its subscales were pooled using the Stata software (version 17.0).
RESULTS
Twelve studies with 3664 participants were included in this study. The pooled mean scores of overall ERA were 37.85 (95% CI, 33.54-42.16). Specifically, the pooled scores for expectations regarding physical health, mental health, and cognitive function were 31.67 (95% CI, 27.42-35.92), 43.69 (95% CI, 38.99-48.39), and 33.28 (95% CI, 29.56-37.00), respectively. No statistically significant differences between groups were observed in any subgroup analysis.
CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS
The level of ERA among older adults is relatively low, particularly concerning cognitive function and physical health dimensions. These findings may provide a valuable reference for public health professionals and policymakers to intervene and manage the health problems of older adults.
Topics: Aged; Humans; Middle Aged; Aging; Cognition; Cross-Sectional Studies; Databases, Factual; Motivation
PubMed: 37806319
DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2023.08.027 -
The Journal of Surgical Research Aug 2023Peripheral nerve injuries have been associated with increased healthcare costs and decreased patients' quality of life. Aging represents one factor that slows the speed... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Peripheral nerve injuries have been associated with increased healthcare costs and decreased patients' quality of life. Aging represents one factor that slows the speed of peripheral nervous system (PNS) regeneration. Since cellular homeostasis imbalance associated with aging lead to an increased failure in nerve regeneration in mammals of advanced age, this systematic review aims to determine the main molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in peripheral nerve regeneration in aged murine models after a peripheral nerve injuries.
METHODS
Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a literature search of 4 databases was conducted in July 2022 for studies comparing the peripheral nerve regeneration capability between young and aged murine models.
RESULTS
After the initial search yielded 744 publications, ten articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. These studies show that age-related changes such as chronic inflammatory state, delayed macrophages' response to injury, dysfunctional Schwann Cells (SCs), and microenvironment alterations cause a reduction in the regenerative capability of the PNS in murine models. Furthermore, identifying altered gene expression patterns of SC after nerve damage can contribute to the understanding of physiological modifications produced by aging.
CONCLUSIONS
The interaction between macrophages and SC plays a crucial role in the nerve regeneration of aged models. Therefore, studies aimed at developing new and promising therapies for nerve regeneration should focus on these cellular groups to enhance the regenerative capabilities of the PNS in elderly populations.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Mice; Aged; Peripheral Nerve Injuries; Quality of Life; Peripheral Nerves; Aging; Nerve Regeneration; Mammals
PubMed: 37060859
DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2023.03.017 -
Diabetes Care Sep 2022Physical activity (PA) is a cornerstone of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treatment. Sex differences in PA behavior or barriers/facilitators to PA among individuals... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Physical activity (PA) is a cornerstone of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treatment. Sex differences in PA behavior or barriers/facilitators to PA among individuals with T2DM are unclear.
PURPOSE
To summarize the evidence related to sex differences in participation in PA and barriers/facilitators to PA among individuals with T2DM across the life span.
DATA SOURCES
Systematic searches (CRD42021254246) were conducted with Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (AMED), APA PsychInfo, and SPORTDiscus.
STUDY SELECTION
We included studies with assessment of PA, sedentary behaviors (SB), or barriers/facilitators to PA among individuals with T2DM by sex or gender.
DATA EXTRACTION
Participant characteristics, meeting PA guidelines, participation in PA and SB, and barriers/facilitators to PA were extracted by two independent reviewers.
DATA SYNTHESIS
A total of 53 articles (65,344 participants) were included in the systematic review and 21 articles in the meta-analysis. Sex differences were not observed in meeting of PA guidelines among adolescents (odds ratio 0.70 [95% CI 0.31, 1.59]), but males were more likely than females to meet PA guidelines among adults (1.65 [1.36, 2.01]) and older adults (1.63 [1.27, 2.09]). Males performed more moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) than females across all age-groups. Common barriers to PA were lack of time (men) and lack of social support and motivation (women).
LIMITATIONS
Limitations include heterogeneity of measures used to assess PA and lack of stratification of data by sex.
CONCLUSIONS
Sex differences in meeting PA guidelines were not observed among adolescents but were apparent among adults and older adults with T2DM. Females consistently engaged in less MVPA than males across the life span.
Topics: Adolescent; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exercise; Female; Humans; Longevity; Male; Sedentary Behavior; Sex Characteristics
PubMed: 36044665
DOI: 10.2337/dc22-0576 -
The Lancet. Healthy Longevity Feb 2024Rapamycin and its derivatives (rapalogs) are inhibitors of mTOR, a major regulator of the ageing process. We aimed to summarise the effects of rapamycin and its... (Review)
Review
Rapamycin and its derivatives (rapalogs) are inhibitors of mTOR, a major regulator of the ageing process. We aimed to summarise the effects of rapamycin and its derivatives on the severity of ageing-related physiological changes and disease in adults. A search across five databases yielded 18 400 unique articles, resulting in 19 included studies. Rapamycin and its derivatives improved physiological parameters associated with ageing in the immune, cardiovascular, and integumentary systems of healthy individuals or individuals with ageing-related diseases. Overall, no significant effects on the endocrine, muscular, or neurological systems were found. The effects of rapamycin or its derivatives on the respiratory, digestive, renal, and reproductive systems were not assessed. No serious adverse events attributed to rapamycin and its derivatives were reported in healthy individuals; however, there were increased numbers of infections and increases in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides in individuals with ageing-related diseases. Future studies should assess the remaining unexamined systems and test the effects of long-term exposure to rapamycin and its derivatives.
Topics: Humans; Aging; Sirolimus
PubMed: 38310895
DOI: 10.1016/S2666-7568(23)00258-1 -
Inquiry : a Journal of Medical Care... 2021Population aging is an economic and social challenge in most countries in the world as it generates higher dependency rates and increased demand for long-term care....
Population aging is an economic and social challenge in most countries in the world as it generates higher dependency rates and increased demand for long-term care. Undertaking the care of older dependent adults can result in new opportunities for job creation. There is limited knowledge of the impact of dependent care and long-term care on employment. We examined this impact through a systematic review. Countries with conditional cash benefits show job creation, and countries with unconditional economic benefits reveal the development of a grey care market with high participation of migrant labor. Migrant employment in developed countries affects the development of the labor market in the countries of origin. The employment created to care for dependent persons is generally precarious. In conclusion, global aging will increase long-term care worker demand, but the variations in policies can determine what kind of employment is created.
Topics: Adult; Aging; Demography; Employment; Health Workforce; Humans; Long-Term Care; Population Dynamics
PubMed: 34913376
DOI: 10.1177/00469580211062426