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Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2021Obesity is a disease growing at an alarming rate and numerous preclinical studies have proven the role of polyphenols in managing this disease. This systematic review... (Review)
Review
Obesity is a disease growing at an alarming rate and numerous preclinical studies have proven the role of polyphenols in managing this disease. This systematic review explores the prebiotic effect of polyphenols in the management of obesity among animals fed on a high-fat diet. A literature search was carried out in PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Embase databases following the PRISMA guidelines. Forty-four studies reported a significant reduction in obesity-related parameters. Most notably, 83% of the studies showed a decrease in either body weight/visceral adiposity/plasma triacylglyceride. Furthermore, 42 studies reported a significant improvement in gut microbiota (GM), significantly affecting the genera , , , , , , , and . Polyphenols' anti-obesity, anti-hyperglycaemic, and anti-inflammatory properties were associated with their ability to modulate GM. This review supports the notion of polyphenols as effective prebiotics in ameliorating HFD-induced metabolic derangements in animal models.
PubMed: 33540692
DOI: 10.3390/foods10020299 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in late December 2019. Considering the important...
INTRODUCTION
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in late December 2019. Considering the important role of gut microbiota in maturation, regulation, and induction of the immune system and subsequent inflammatory processes, it seems that evaluating the composition of gut microbiota in COVID-19 patients compared with healthy individuals may have potential value as a diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarker for the disease. Also, therapeutic interventions affecting gut microbial flora may open new horizons in the treatment of COVID-19 patients and accelerating their recovery.
METHODS
A systematic search was conducted for relevant studies published from December 2019 to December 2021 using Pubmed/Medline, Embase, and Scopus. Articles containing the following keywords in titles or abstracts were selected: "SARS-CoV-2" or "COVID-19" or "Coronavirus Disease 19" and "gastrointestinal microbes" or "dysbiosis" or "gut microbiota" or "gut bacteria" or "gut microbes" or "gastrointestinal microbiota".
RESULTS
Out of 1,668 studies, 22 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria and a total of 1,255 confirmed COVID-19 patients were examined. All included studies showed a significant association between COVID-19 and gut microbiota dysbiosis. The most alteration in bacterial composition of COVID-19 patients was depletion in genera , , , , , , , and and enrichment of , , , , , , and Also, some gut microbiome alterations were associated with COVID-19 severity and poor prognosis including the increment of , , , , , , , , , , and spp. and the decrement of , , , , and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio.
CONCLUSION
Our study showed a significant change of gut microbiome composition in COVID-19 patients compared with healthy individuals. This great extent of impact has proposed the gut microbiota as a potential diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic strategy for COVID-19. There is much evidence about this issue, and it is expected to be increased in near future.
Topics: COVID-19; Dysbiosis; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Prognosis; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 35310853
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.804644 -
Current Issues in Molecular Biology May 2023The gut microbiota is relatively stable; however, various factors can precipitate an imbalance that is known to be associated with various diseases. We aimed to conduct... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The gut microbiota is relatively stable; however, various factors can precipitate an imbalance that is known to be associated with various diseases. We aimed to conduct a systematic literature review of studies reporting the effects of ionizing radiation on the composition, richness, and diversity of the gut microbiota of animals.
METHODS
A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane library databases. The standard methodologies expected by Cochrane were utilized.
RESULTS
We identified 3531 non-duplicated records and selected twenty-nine studies after considering the defined inclusion criteria. The studies were found to be heterogeneous, with significant differences in the chosen populations, methodologies, and outcomes. Overall, we found evidence of an association between ionizing radiation exposure and dysbiosis, with a reduction of microbiota diversity and richness and alterations in the taxonomic composition. Although differences in taxonomic composition varied across studies, Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, , and most consistently reported to be relatively more abundant after ionizing radiation exposure, whereas Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and were relatively reduced.
CONCLUSIONS
This review highlights the effect of ionizing exposure on gut microbiota diversity, richness, and composition. It paves the way for further studies on human subjects regarding gastrointestinal side effects in patients submitted to treatments with ionizing radiation and the development of potential preventive, therapeutic approaches.
PubMed: 37232718
DOI: 10.3390/cimb45050249 -
Microbial Pathogenesis Jul 2024Recent research has revealed that alterations of the gut microbiome (GM) play a comprehensive role in the pathophysiology of HF. However, findings in this field remain... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Recent research has revealed that alterations of the gut microbiome (GM) play a comprehensive role in the pathophysiology of HF. However, findings in this field remain controversial. In this study, we focus on differences in GM diversity and abundance between HF patients and non-HF people, based on previous 16 S ribosomal RNA (16rRNA) gene sequencing. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Ovid databases using the keyword "Heart failure" and "Gastrointestinal Microbiome". A significant decrease in alpha diversity was observed in the HF patients (Chao1, I = 87.5 %, p < 0.001; Shannon index, I = 62.8 %, p = 0.021). At the phylum level, the HF group exhibited higher abundances of Proteobacteria (I = 92.0 %, p = 0.004) and Actinobacteria (I = 82.5 %, p = 0.010), while Bacteroidetes (I = 45.1 %, p = 0.017) and F/B ratio (I = 0.0 %, p<0.001) were lower. The Firmicutes showed a decreasing trend but did not reach statistical significance (I = 82.3 %, p = 0.127). At the genus level, the relative abundances of Streptococcus, Bacteroides, Alistipes, Bifidobacterium, Escherichia-Shigella, Enterococcus and Klebsiella were increased in the HF group, whereas Ruminococcus, Faecalibacterium, Dorea and Megamona exhibited decreased relative abundances. Dialister, Blautia and Prevotella showed decreasing trends but without statistical significance. This observational meta-analysis suggests that GM changes are associated with HF, manifesting as alterations in GM abundance, disruptions in the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) bacteria, and an increase in trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) producing bacteria.
Topics: Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Heart Failure; Bacteria; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Proteobacteria; Bacteroidetes
PubMed: 38788811
DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106647 -
Clinical Nutrition ESPEN Jun 2023Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multisystem disease that can compromise several human body organs. The autosomal recessive genetic disorder is caused by different mutations in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND & AIMS
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multisystem disease that can compromise several human body organs. The autosomal recessive genetic disorder is caused by different mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, responsible for chloride ion transport across apical membranes of epithelial cells in tissues and bicarbonate secretion. In this study, we provide a systematic review of the profile of the intestinal microbiota of cystic fibrosis individuals.
METHODS
The review was conducted according to Preferred Items of Reports for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus databases were searched for relevant articles until Jully 2022.
RESULTS
Eighteen studies (1304 participants) met the inclusion criteria. The quality and bias was assessed using the Methodological index for non-randomized studies (MINORS) tool, with the majority of the studies indicating medium to high quality. Results showed significant changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota of the individuals with CF compared with healthy controls, with increased of Enterococcus, Veillonella, and Streptococcus, and decreased of Bifidobacterium, Roseburia, and Alistipes genus. The intestinal bacterial community of CF patients was marked by a reduction in its richness and diversity.
CONCLUSION
The systematic review suggests a change in the intestinal microbiota of CF individuals, characterized by a reduction in microbial diversity and abundance of some bacterial markers.
Topics: Humans; Cystic Fibrosis; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Bacteria; Mutation
PubMed: 37202074
DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.04.008 -
Obesity Research & Clinical Practice 2020This systematic review investigated the effects of ultra-processed very low-energy diets on gut microbiota and metabolic outcomes in individuals with obesity. MEDLINE...
This systematic review investigated the effects of ultra-processed very low-energy diets on gut microbiota and metabolic outcomes in individuals with obesity. MEDLINE complete, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane and CINAHL were searched between date of inception and October 2019. Seven trials were reviewed (a total of 130 participants, with 10 to 44 participants in each trial). Of these, five were single-arm interventions and included very low-energy diets adjunctive to comprehensive lifestyle interventions such as nutritional counselling, behavioural therapy and exercise programmes. Changes to taxa within the Firmicutes phylum were found, including reduced abundance of potentially beneficial butyrogenic microbes (Roseburia, Faecalbacterium prausnitzii, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Lachnospiraeceae). Conversely, increased abundance of potentially pathogenic or opportunistic microbes from the Bacteroidetes phylum was reported, including increases in Alistipes and Bacteroides taxa. However, outcomes were inconsistent, with some trials also showing decreases in Bacteroides taxa and increases in commensal microbiota, such as Lachnospiraceae and Bifidobacteriaceae. The changes in metabolic parameters observed from baseline to after the ultra-processed very low-energy diets were mostly beneficial or were not significantly altered. Although the selected articles were deemed to have satisfactory methodological quality, to understand the possible direct effects of these regimens on gut microbiota, further rigorously designed trials, with more standardised microbiological sequencing techniques and detailed reporting, are required. Study registration: Prospero ID: CRD42019124436.
Topics: Adult; Caloric Restriction; Cross-Over Studies; Female; Food Handling; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Male; Non-Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Obesity; Obesity Management; Prospective Studies; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 32546361
DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2020.04.006 -
IScience Jan 2024Although countless gut microbiome studies on colitis using mouse models have been carried out, experiments with small sample sizes have encountered reproducibility...
Although countless gut microbiome studies on colitis using mouse models have been carried out, experiments with small sample sizes have encountered reproducibility limitations because of batch effects and statistical errors. In this study, dextran-sodium-sulfate-induced microbial dysbiosis index (DiMDI) was introduced as a reliable dysbiosis index that can be used to assess the state of microbial dysbiosis in DSS-induced mouse models. Meta-analysis of 189 datasets from 11 independent studies was performed to construct the DiMDI. Microbial dysbiosis biomarkers, , , , and , were selected through four different feature selection methods and used to construct the DiMDI. This index demonstrated a high accuracy of 82.3% and showed strong robustness (88.9%) in the independent cohort. Therefore, DiMDI may be used as a standard for assessing microbial imbalance in DSS-induced mouse models and may contribute to the development of reliable colitis microbiome studies in mouse experiments.
PubMed: 38205250
DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108657