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Journal of Environmental Sciences... May 2023Copper (Cu) exists in a variety of forms in different aquatic environments, and affects their bioavailability. In this study we provide a systematic review on toxicity...
Copper (Cu) exists in a variety of forms in different aquatic environments, and affects their bioavailability. In this study we provide a systematic review on toxicity of Cu which focuses on identifying evidence in the mechanisms of Cu toxicity, and apply an adverse outcome pathway (AOP) analysis to identify multiple potential mechanisms and their interactions of Cu toxicity to fish. This analysis process included the mechanisms of behavior toxicant, oxidative toxicant, ion regulation disruption toxicity, as well as endocrine disruption toxicity. It was found that at low levels of Cu exposure, swimming, avoid predators, locating prey and other sensory functions will be impaired, and the organism will suffer from metabolic alkalosis and respiratory acidosis following the inhibition of the carbonic anhydrase active. The main pathway of acute toxicity of Cu to fish is the inhibition of the Na/K-ATPase enzyme, and lead to reduced intracellular sodium absorption, as well as Cu-induced increased cell permeability, in turn resulting in increased sodium ion loss, leading to cardiovascular collapse and respiratory insufficiency. The endocrine disruption toxicity of Cu to fish caused growth inhibition and reproductive reduction. In addition, there are several key pathways of Cu toxicity that are affected by hardness (e.g., Ca) and intracellular DOC concentrations, including inhibiting Cu-induction, improving branchial gas exchange, altering membrane transport functions, decreasing Na loss, and increasing Na uptake. The results of the AOP analysis will provide a robust framework for future directed research on the mechanisms of Cu toxicity.
Topics: Animals; Copper; Adverse Outcome Pathways; Biological Availability; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Sodium; Fishes; Ions
PubMed: 36522080
DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.06.002 -
European Journal of Sport Science Jun 2023This study aimed to investigate the isolated effects of NaHCO on cycling time-trial performance. Furthermore, we investigated whether the ingestion time of NaHCO,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
This study aimed to investigate the isolated effects of NaHCO on cycling time-trial performance. Furthermore, we investigated whether the ingestion time of NaHCO, standardized or individualized based on time to peak, could be effective in improving cycling time-trial performance. A systematic review was carried out on randomized placebo-controlled studies. A random-effects meta-analysis assessed the standardized mean difference (SMD) between NaHCO and placebo conditions. Eighteen studies were qualitatively (systematic review) and quantitatively (meta-analysis) analysed concerning mean power output (W) ( = 182) and time performance ( = 201). The reviewed studies showed a low risk of bias and homogenous results for W (I = 0%) and performance time (I= 0%). Overall, when compared to placebo, the NaHCO ingestion improved the W (SMD: 0.42; 95% CI: 0.21-0.63; = 0.001) and performance time (SMD: 0.22; 95% CI: 0.02-0.43; = 0.03). Similarly, the NaHCO ingestion using a time-to-peak strategy improved the W (SMD: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.03-0.75; = 0.04; I= 15%) and performance time (SMD: 0.34; 95% CI: 0.07-0.61, = 0.01, I= 0%). The present findings reveal that NaHCO ingestion has the potential to increase the overall performance time and W in cycling time trials.NaHCO is an effective strategy to increase cycling time-trial performance.The standardized protocol did not improve the cycling time-trial performance parameters.The individualized time-to-peak NaHCO ingestion has a positive effect on time and W during cycling time-trial performance.
Topics: Humans; Sodium Bicarbonate; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Bicycling; Eating
PubMed: 35633035
DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2022.2071171 -
Journal of Dietary Supplements 2021The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the effects of sodium bicarbonate supplementation on electromyographic (EMG) muscle activity in healthy, physically...
AIM
The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the effects of sodium bicarbonate supplementation on electromyographic (EMG) muscle activity in healthy, physically active individuals.
METHODS
A systematic review of cross-sectional studies, crossover studies and randomized controlled trials was performed to investigate the effects of sodium bicarbonate supplementation on EMG muscle activity in healthy, physically active individuals. Potentially eligible for the systematic review were identified through searches conducted in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Science Direct and Scopus, considering publications from January 1980 to August 2019. The terms used in the search were: sodium bicarbonate, NaHCO, alkalosis, alkaloses, electromyography, surface electromyography, electromyographies, electromyogram and EMG. Two independent assessors extracted data from the selected articles. Bias analysis was conducted using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and methodological quality was appraised using a checklist created based on the guidelines of the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials and the International Society of Electrophysiology and Kinesiology.
RESULTS
A total of 67 studies were retrieved and seven were included in this review. Only two studies showed significant differences in muscle activity after sodium bicarbonate supplementation. The different EMG signal capturing, processing, and analysis methods used constitute an important limitation to the comparative analyses of the results reported in the studies selected for the present review.
CONCLUSION
The results found do not allow us to affirm whether EMG may or may not be a safe tool to assess the effects of sodium bicarbonate supplementation on muscle activity.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Dietary Supplements; Electromyography; Humans; Muscle, Skeletal; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Sodium Bicarbonate
PubMed: 32449633
DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2020.1766633 -
European Archives of... Jul 2024To review possible risk factors for permanent delayed-onset, progressive sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in the paediatric population to recommend follow-up protocols...
PURPOSE
To review possible risk factors for permanent delayed-onset, progressive sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in the paediatric population to recommend follow-up protocols for early detection.
METHODS
PRISMA-compliant systematic review was performed, including observational studies on the paediatric population up to 16 years old who have passed the newborn hearing screening programme (NHSP), investigating the development of late-onset, progressive SNHL. Electronic searches were performed through Medline, Embase, Cochrane, and Emcare.
RESULTS
37 studies were included. 21 showed an association between late-onset SNHL and congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection (age at hearing loss diagnosis 0.75 to 204 months, mean 45.6 ± 43.9), while 16 between late-onset SNHL and other congenital or perinatal factors, namely Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) stay, prematurity, neonatal respiratory failure, mechanical ventilation, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support, hypocapnia, hypoxia, alkalosis, seizure activity, congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), inner ear malformation, and gene mutations (age at hearing loss diagnosis 2.5 to 156 months, mean 38.7 ± 40.7).
CONCLUSIONS
cCMV infection may cause late-onset SNHL, which can be missed on standard NHSP. There is, therefore, evidence to support universal screening programmes to enable detection in even asymptomatic neonates. Ongoing audiological follow-up for all children with cCMV is advisable, to enable timely treatment. In the paediatric population presenting conditions such as NICU stay > 5 days, prematurity ≤ 34 weeks gestation, severe neonatal respiratory failure, mechanical ventilation, ECMO support, and CDH surgery, an audiological follow-up from 3 months of age up to at least 3-4 years of age, and at least annually, should be recommended.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Age of Onset; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Disease Progression; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural; Neonatal Screening; Risk Factors
PubMed: 38411671
DOI: 10.1007/s00405-024-08527-x